1、2一、发动机的分类一、发动机的分类nClissified by fuel（按燃料不同分类）汽油机和柴油机；nClissfiled by working progress（按工作行程分类）四冲程发动机和二冲程发动机；nClissfiled by cooled ways（按冷却方式分类）水冷发动机和风冷发动机；Clissfiled by number of cylinder（按气缸数量分类）单缸发动机和多缸发动机3Clissified by fuel（按燃料不同分类）（按燃料不同分类）汽油发动机汽油发动机gasoline enginegasolinegslin n.汽油汽油 点燃方式点燃方式（点燃
2、式）（点燃式）4柴油发动机柴油发动机diesel enginedieseldi:zl n.柴油柴油，柴油机，柴油机点燃方式点燃方式（压燃式）（压燃式）5Clissfiled by working progress（按工作行程分类）（按工作行程分类）二冲程发动机二冲程发动机Two stroke enginestrokestrk n.冲程，行程；冲程，行程；活塞反复运动一次，活塞反复运动一次，曲轴转动一周，两个曲轴转动一周，两个冲程完成一个工作循冲程完成一个工作循环。环。6四冲程发动机四冲程发动机Four stroke enginestrokestrk n.冲程，行程；冲程，行程；活塞反复运动两次
3、，曲活塞反复运动两次，曲轴转动两周，四个冲程轴转动两周，四个冲程完成一个工作循环。完成一个工作循环。7水冷却式发动机水冷却式发动机Water coolest engine水箱，通过水泵作用，水水箱，通过水泵作用，水通过水道流通整个汽缸体，通过水道流通整个汽缸体，进行降温。进行降温。8风冷却式发动机风冷却式发动机air coolest engine风冷，通过空气气流与风扇风冷，通过空气气流与风扇作用，空气作用，空气/风通过发动机整风通过发动机整个汽缸体，进行降温。个汽缸体，进行降温。9Clissfiled by number of cylinder（按（按气缸数量分类）气缸数量分类）单缸发动机单
4、缸发动机Single cylinder enginecylinder slnd n.气缸气缸我只有一个气缸，我只有一个气缸，一组气门；一组气门；10多缸发动机多缸发动机Multi cylinder enginecylinder slnd n.气缸气缸我有多个气缸，我有多个气缸，多组气门；多组气门；11二、发动机的基本组成二、发动机的基本组成12汽油机包含几大系统？汽油机包含几大系统？n冷却系 cooling systemn润滑系 lubrication system lu:brken n润滑，加油;油润;n起动系 starting systemn点火系 Ignition systemn gnn
5、n燃油供给系 fuel supply systemn进气系统 intake systemn排气系统 exhaust system gz:st1314Cooling system (冷却系统冷却系统)Starting system (起动系统起动系统)15vLubrication system (润滑系统润滑系统)vIgnition system (点火系统点火系统)16vFuel supply system (燃油供给系统燃油供给系统)vintake system (进气系统进气系统)17例句分析：例句分析：nEngine system includes：_、_、_、_.中文：include
6、vt.包括，包含；译文：发动机系统包括：_、_、_、_。ignition systemstarting systemlubrication systemcooling system点火系统点火系统起动系统起动系统润滑系统润滑系统冷却系统冷却系统18汽油机包括哪两大机构？汽油机包括哪两大机构？Crank-connecting rod mechanism曲曲 柄柄连杆连杆机构机构19配气机构配气机构Valve mechanism气气 门门机机 构构20Intake 进气进气 Compression压缩压缩Exhaust排放排放Power做功做功Stroke./struk/n.打击；中风；笔画；冲程
7、；尝试；轻抚打击；中风；笔画；冲程；尝试；轻抚 三、发动机的四大工作行程三、发动机的四大工作行程21四、发动机的布置形式四、发动机的布置形式发动机前置发动机前置前轮驱动前轮驱动发动机前置发动机前置后轮驱动后轮驱动发动机后置发动机后置后轮驱动后轮驱动22课堂小结课堂小结n需要记住的单词：n发动机n底盘n车身n电器系统n汽油n柴油n冲程EngineEngineChassisChassisBodyBodyElectrical systemElectrical systemGasolineGasolineDieselDieselstrokestroke23n单独的，独立的n气缸n曲柄连杆机构n配气机构
8、SingleSinglecylindercylinderCrank-connecting rod mechanismCrank-connecting rod mechanismkrk n.机机曲柄曲柄;妙语，奇想妙语，奇想rd n.杆，拉杆杆，拉杆;惩罚，体罚惩罚，体罚;（责打人用的）棍棒（责打人用的）棍棒;手枪手枪;meknzm 机制机制 Valve mechanismValve mechanism英英 vlv vlv 美美 vlv vlv n n阀阀;真空管真空管;（管乐器的）活栓（管乐器的）活栓;（心脏的）瓣膜（心脏的）瓣膜;n排气系统 Exhaust systemExhaust sys
9、temn润滑系统 Lubrication systemLubrication system n点火系统 Ignition systemIgnition systemn启动系统 Starting systemStarting systemn冷却系统 Cooling systemCooling systemn进气系统 Intake systemIntake system2425需要记住的句子需要记住的句子nThere are four basic components of There are four basic components of the automobile:engine,chass
10、is,the automobile:engine,chassis,body and electrical system.body and electrical system.n译：汽车有四个基本组成部分，发动机，底盘，车身和电气系统。nEngine system includes Engine system includes：ignition ignition systemsystem，lubrication system,cooling lubrication system,cooling system,starting system.system,starting system.n译：发动
11、机系统包括：点火系，润滑系，冷却系，起动系。26布置任务布置任务n将需要记住的单词和句子记录在笔记本上；n将需要记住的单词每个写3遍，1遍汉语意思；I.Pre-questionsThe heart of automobilenWhat impression of the engine?complicated powerI.Pre-questionsnWhat are there types of the engine?nelectric motors,steam engines,and internal combustion engines nWhats the internal combus
12、tion engine?nburns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle.I.Pre-questionsSingle-cylinder enginecylinderpistonPiston pinConnecting rodcrankshaftOil pipeIntake valveExhaust valve Timing gearOil pumpnwhat is the power so
13、urce of automobile and how to produce?piston piston pin connecting rod crankshaft EnginePower is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder.The connecting rod transmits the up-and-down motion of the piston to the crankshaft,which changes it into rotary motion.I.Pre-questionsnThe engine
14、comprises two mechanism and five systems,what are they?ncrankshaft and connecting rod mechanism,nvalve gear,ncooling system,nlubricating system,nfuel system,nstarting system,nignition system I.Pre-questionsconnecting rodflywheelcrankshaftpistonintake valveexhaust valvepush rodtappettiming gears Valv
15、e gear Connecting rod Engine cooling systemEngine lubricating systemFuel supply systemValve gearnWhats the function of the crankshaft and connecting rod mechanism?n Its function is to convert heat energy into mechanical energy used to drive the vehicles.I.Pre-questionsnThe internal combustion engine
16、,as its name indicates,burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle.n译文：译文：内燃机，内燃机，顾名思义顾名思义，就是燃料在气缸内，就是燃料在气缸内部燃烧，并且把燃烧时的膨胀力转化为驱动车部燃烧，并且把燃烧时的膨胀力转化为驱动车辆的旋转力。辆的旋转力。II.Text ExplanationnOf all automobile components,an auto
17、mobile engine is the most complicated assembly with dominant effects on the function of an automobile.ncomplicated kmplikeitid n adj.复杂的复杂的,难解的难解的ndominance dmnns n.优势优势,统治统治n译文：译文：汽车发动机是一切汽车部件中结构最汽车发动机是一切汽车部件中结构最复杂，对汽车功能起支配作用的一个总成。复杂，对汽车功能起支配作用的一个总成。II.Text ExplanationnIts function is to convert he
18、at energy into mechanical energy used to drive the vehicles.nConvertinto.转变；变换转变；变换n译文：译文：它的作用就是将热能转换成机械能用来它的作用就是将热能转换成机械能用来驱动汽车驱动汽车。II.Text ExplanationnConvert.into.n转变；变换转变；变换nThat building has been converted into a school.n那座楼房改成学校了。那座楼房改成学校了。n兑换兑换 nI want to convert some Hong Kong dollars into A
19、merican dollars.n我想把一些港元换成美元。我想把一些港元换成美元。n改变信仰、党派或意见等改变信仰、党派或意见等 nShe managed to convert him to her opinion.n她终于设法说服了他接受她的意见。她终于设法说服了他接受她的意见。II.Text ExplanationnPower is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder.n linear lini adj.线的线的,直线的直线的,线线 性的性的n piston pistn n.活塞活塞 II.Text Explana
20、tionnThe piston attached to the top of a connecting rod by a pin,called a piston pin or wrist pin.n attach to v.连接连接 nconnecting rod 连杆连杆 n piston pin=wrist pin 活塞销活塞销II.Text ExplanationnThe connecting rod transmits the up-and-down motion of the piston to the crankshaft,which changes it into rotary
21、motion.ntransmitto 把把传到传到 nwhich changes it into rotary motion 定语从句定语从句 II.Text Explanationndiesel enginesnwater pumpnthe ignition distributornoil panntiming gearncrankshaft and connecting rod mechanismnvalve gearnfuel systemnexhaust pipenexhaust manifoldIII.ExercisesTranslate the following expressi
22、ons into Chinese.u柴油发动机柴油发动机u水泵水泵u分电器分电器u油底壳油底壳u正时齿轮正时齿轮u曲柄连杆机构曲柄连杆机构u配气机构配气机构u燃油系统燃油系统u排气管排气管u排气歧管排气歧管n1-cylinder head cover n2-pistonn3-timing toothed beltn4-water pumpn5-oil pann6-oil pumpn7-crankshaftn8-flywheeln9-distributorn10-valveIII.ExercisesnThe crankshaft represents the final link in the
23、conversion of reciprocating motion at the piston to one of rotation at the flywheel.In the cast of the multi-cylinder engine,the crankshaft has to control the relative motions of the pistons,while receiving their own impulses.A one-piece construction is most commonly used for the motor-vehicle crank
24、shaft,which extends the whole length of the engine and must therefore possess considerable rigidity.III.ExercisesnThe timing-drive for the engine valve mechanism is taken from the front end of the crankshaft as is the pulley and belt drive for the engine auxiliaries,such as the cooling fan and the a
25、lternator for electrical system.attached to the rear end of the crankshaft is the engine flywheel.III.ExercisesnI.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.n1Engine is the power source of the automobile.Power is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder.n发动机是汽车的动力源发动机是汽车的动力源.它通过汽缸
26、内的活它通过汽缸内的活塞线性运动产生的塞线性运动产生的.n2The fuel system works according to the requirements of the engine as it provides an air-fuel mixture which must be in proportion to the speed and load placed on the engine.n燃油系统的作用是根据发动机的转速和负荷燃油系统的作用是根据发动机的转速和负荷提供一定比例的可燃混合气以满足发动机的提供一定比例的可燃混合气以满足发动机的需求。需求。III.Exercisesn3
27、The valve gear provides timely admission of the fresh charge into the cylinders and exhaust of spent gases from them.n配气机构机构可定时的将新鲜气体充入气缸，配气机构机构可定时的将新鲜气体充入气缸，并且将废气排放出去。并且将废气排放出去。III.Exercisesn1发动机主要有两大机构五大系统组成。发动机主要有两大机构五大系统组成。nAn engine is mainly composed of two mechanisms and five systems.n2曲柄连杆机构
28、主要包括机体组，活塞连曲柄连杆机构主要包括机体组，活塞连杆组和曲轴飞轮组。杆组和曲轴飞轮组。nThe crankshaft and connecting rod mechanism mainly consists of the engine crankcase and cylinder block,the piston and connecting rod,the crankshaft and flywheel.III.ExercisesII.Translate the following sentences into English.n3水泵工作时，可以将冷却液在发动机水泵工作时，可以将冷却液在发动机水套中和散热器之间来回流动。水套中和散热器之间来回流动。nWhen revolving,the water pump circulates coolant between the engine water jackets and the radiator.III.ExercisesIII.ExercisesnPrinciple of Four-stroke Engine1、intake stroke 2、compress stroke 3、power stroke 4、exhaust stroke Intake valveExhaustvalve
