1、语法非谓语Anyone can make you smile.Many people can make you cry.But it takes someone really special to make you smile with tears in your eyes.CONTENT0 1 不 定 式0 2 现 在 分 词0 3 过 去 分 词0 5 分析句子结构0 4 动名词0 6 主谓一致不定式的基本形式否定形式不定式的基本形式：to do不定式的否定形式：not to doHe advised me to give up smoking.He advised me not to g
2、ive up smoking.否定形式的not的位置是放在整个非谓语的前面。注意：to还可能是一个介词，当to是介词时，后面接ing形式。To doing To后接doingTo是介词To doTo后接动词原形To是非谓语不定式的一部分不定式的时态和语态不定式的一般式表示主动语态被动语态一般式To doHe pretended not to see us.To be done表示不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生，或者不定式动作在谓语动作之后发生（即表将来，to do可以表将来）。进行式To be doingHe pretended to be sleeping when I entered the
3、 room.无谓语动作发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。完成式To have doneShe pretended to have read the novel.（表示主动）To have been done完成式表示不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前。非谓语中，只要出现have，having，to have就表示非谓语动作发生在谓语之前。语态时态不要看到done就很激动，认为有done就是被动语态，be和done同时存在才表示被动。不定式的用法用法例句作主语To find a good job is difficult.It is difficult to find a good job.常用it
4、作形式主语作宾语I want to see you this evening.初高中背过的那一堆单词：afford,agree,decide,fail,desire,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,plan,promise,refuse,prefer,happen,intend作表语My aim is to finish it quickly.=To finish it quickly is my aim.不定式作表语要么是和主语一样的东西，要么是主语产生的结果，主表位置可以互换，意义不变。To see is to believe./seeing is beli
5、eving.作定语We found a house to live in.作状语She came here to study English.They jumped with joy to hear the news.I hurried to the station,only to find he had alread left.(意想不到的结果)作宾补I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.常接宾补的这一堆词：【allow,advise,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,o
6、rder,permit,persuade,teach五看三使两听一感觉】（之前的课讲宾语的时候里面讲过这些词的具体用法）PART.0101不定式Anyone can make you smile.Many people can make you cry.But it takes someone really special to make you smile with tears in your eyes.复习五看三使两听一感觉五看：look at,see,watch,observe,notice三使：make,let,have两听：listen to,hear一感觉：feel用法：省略to的
7、不定式,但是变为被动时，要把to补充回来。See sb do sthSb be seen to doNotice sb do sthSb be noticed to doLet sb doSb be let doI often hear him sing the song.He is often heard to sing the song.复习五看三使两听一感觉五看：look at,see,watch,observe,notice三使：make,let,have两听：listen to,hear一感觉：feel用法：See sb do sth整个过程；经常性习惯性的动作I see her s
8、ing the song.我看她唱完了这首歌。I often see her sing.我经常听到她唱歌。See sb doing sth正在做某事I see her singing the song.我看到她正在唱歌。She is seen singing the song by me.See sth/sb done被动（看见某人被做；看见某事被做）I see the song sang be her.看到那首歌被他唱。I see him beaten.看到他被打。Sb/sth be seen to do变为被动补充to（某人被看见做）She is seen to sing the song
9、.他被看见唱那首歌。不定式作结果状语To do表示意想不到的结果He worked extremely hard this term,to fail in the final exam.Doing表示自然而然的结果He worked extremely hard this term,passing the final exam.不定式作状语He went home to get his key.What have I said to make you happy?We are proud to win the football match.不定式的一些独立结构To tell the truth
10、,I am not happy at the moment.=to be frank=To be honest=To tell the truth老实说，说实在的To be frank,I havent made any plans.一些固定句型Had better(not)do sth.Why not do?prefer to do/prefer doing Prefer doing to doing Prefer to do rather than do sth.Would rather(not)do sth.Would rather(do)A than(do)B.PART.0202现在分
11、词Anyone can make you smile.Many people can make you cry.But it takes someone really special to make you smile with tears in your eyes.动词的-ing形式现在分词动名词具有形容词和副词的特征可以作定语、状语、（表语）、宾补具有形容词和名词的特征可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语；动名词后可以跟宾语和状语The lesson is interesting.Swimming is a good form of exercise.区别-ed和-ing形式的形容词词性可作成分形
12、容词定语副词状语补语区别-ing形式和-ed形式的形容词Anyone can make you smile.Many people can make you cry.But it takes someone really special to make you smile with tears in your eyes.类型例句说明-edI was surprised.表语表示主语的状态，则用过去分词-ingThe result was surprising.表语表示主语的属性和特征，则用现在分词现在分词的时态和语态主动语态被动语态现在分词一般式（与谓语动作同时发生）(not)doingHe
13、hurried home,looking back as he went.(not）Being doneThe large building being built is a library.完成式（先于谓语动作发生）(not)Having doneHaving finished their work,they had a rest.(not)Having been doneHaving been shown the lab,we were taken to see the library.现在分词的用法用法例句说明逻辑主语补足语（宾补；主补）We all found his argument
14、 convincing and interesting.I heard Tom arguing with someone else.作宾补的现在分词与宾语逻辑上是主动关系，表示宾语的性质或状态。还是那些词，经常接宾补的词判断宾语和宾补之间的关系（主语和主补）：判断宾语和宾补之间的关系:(to)do:全过程；经常性Done：被动Doing：正在进行作定语A sleeping child.A swimming child.A child sleeping on the ground.单独的分词作定语放在修饰名词前面；分词短语放在修饰名词后面，后置。表示主动，或者动作正在进行。这个孩子自己睡在地面上
15、。判断定语和所修饰名词之间的关系：主动，或动作正在进行，用现在分词被动，或动作已完成，用过去分词现在分词的用法用法例句说明作状语Arriving in Paris,I lost my way.我到了巴黎，我迷路了。前后主语一致现在分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，即前后主语要保持一致。构成独立成分Generally/frankly speaking一般来说、坦白来说Judging from/by 由来判断Taking all things into consideration这些结构可以独立存在，在句子里没有逻辑主语，习惯用法。被用作介词或连词的现在分词Supposing/providing/p
16、rovided/given 假如，假设，设想Considering 认为Concerning/regarding 关于According to按照Talking of/speaking ofPART.0303过去分词Anyone can make you smile.Many people can make you cry.But it takes someone really special to make you smile with tears in your eyes.动 词 的-e d 形 式，即 过 去 分 词含有形容词或副词的特性可以在句中作定语、补语、状语过去分词与逻辑主语之间
17、是被动关系，表示被动或完成。过去分词和现在分词对比Falling leaves 正在落下的树叶（正在进行）Fallen leaves 已经落下的树叶（已完成）Developed countries 发达国家（已完成）Developing countries 发展中国家（未完成）A moving story 一个感人的故事（属性，特征）A moved audience 一位被感动的观众（状态）过去分词的用法Anyone can make you smile.Many people can make you cry.But it takes someone really special to ma
18、ke you smile with tears in your eyes.用法例句说明逻辑主语作定语The ground is covered with fallen leaves.The house built last year had been sold out.前置定语后置定语两种判断定语和被修饰名词之间的关系：作宾补We saw the thief caught by the police.还是那些经常接宾补的词判断宾语和宾补之间的关系:(to)do:全过程；经常性Done：被动Doing：正在进行作状语Seen from the space,the earth appears to
19、 be a blue ball.判断主语和状语之间的关系主动或者动作正在进行：用现在分词被动或者动作已完成：用过去分词主动、动作正在进行：用现在分词被动、动作已经完成：用过去分词PART.04动名词Anyone can make you smile.Many people can make you cry.But it takes someone really special to make you smile with tears in your eyes.动 名 词Anyone can make you smile.Many people can make you cry.But it t
20、akes someone really special to make you smile with tears in your eyes.名词 :主语；表语；宾语形容词：定语动名词作成分Anyone can make you smile.Many people can make you cry.But it takes someone really special to make you smile with tears in your eyes.成分例句说明主语Eating Dangsheng and Huangqi is good for health.（不可改）Trying to pe
21、rsuade someone on the Internet is no use.（no use;a waste of time;no point）头重脚轻，it作形式主语(注意只有几种情况可以用it形式主语改写句子;不定式作主语用it改写的情况更多)表语Seeing is believing.宾语Have difficult/trouble/problems/a difficult time/a hard time(in)doing sth.Have fun/pleasure/a good time(in)doing sth.Spend time/money(in)doing sth.【Wh
22、en it comes to/Look forward to/get used to/be used to/stick to/devote oneself to/be reduced to沦为做某事】动宾:admit,allow,advise,appreciate,avoid,deny,enjoy，feel like,put off介宾:介词doing（in/to）To doing此时to 是介词to do此时是不定式定语washing machine；flying jacket多表示一种功能动名词的逻辑主语成分例句说明主语Smoking here makes me upset.(表达的不清晰
23、)His/Toms smoking here makes me upset.此处的逻辑主语要用：【形容词性物主代词】【名词所有格】形式宾语Do you mind my/his/Toms/me smoking here?【形容词性物主代词】【名词所有格】【宾格】只有动名词作宾语这种情况才能用表语What troubles me is smoking here.(意思表达的还是不清晰)What troubles me is his/her/Toms smoking here.【形容词性物主代词】【名词所有格】谓语动作的主语和非谓语动名词的主语不一致的时候：谓语动作的主语和非谓语动名词的主语一致时：
24、例句说明I dont like smoking here.谓语动词dont like的主语是I,非谓语smoking的主语也是I动名词的时态和语态主动被动否定一般式DoingBeing doneNot doing完成式Having doneHaving been doneNot having doneIt is no use waiting here.They havent finished building the dam.Her job was keeping the hall as clean as possible.区别动名词和现在分词类别有什么词性可以作什么成分例句动名词形容词定语W
25、ashing machine名词主语Getting up early is good for health.宾语We missed seeing the film.表语My favorite sport is playing football.现在分词形容词定语The boy sitting over there likes singing.(动名词)副词状语They opened fire,killing one of our villages.补语We found a tree lying across the street.I have the car waiting for you.根
26、据充当的成分判断：PART.0505 非谓语动词解题步骤Anyone can make you smile.Many people can make you cry.But it takes someone really special to make you smile with tears in your eyes.非谓语动词的解题步骤Anyone can make you smile.Many people can make you cry.But it takes someone really special to make you smile with tears in your e
27、yes.一、判断“谓语还是非谓语”二、找逻辑主语三、分析语态四、分析时态Anyone can make you smile.Many people can make you cry.But it takes someone really special to make you smile with tears in your eyes.many times,but he still couldnt understand it.many times,he still couldnt understand it.A、having been told B being toldC he had bee
28、n toldD though he was told.It a hot day,wed better go swimming.a rainy day;we decided not to go there.A isB to beC beingD it beingE it wasF beenCACEAnyone can make you smile.Many people can make you cry.But it takes someone really special to make you smile with tears in your eyes.Walking alone the s
29、treet one day,she saw a little girl running up to her.She is reading a book found on the way.Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.Convinced of the truth of the reports,he told his colleagues about it.Sb be convinced of/that各种非谓语的用法非谓语的类型用法Doing主动正在进行属性、特征Done被动已完成状态To do即将
30、发生The meeting next week is of great importance.(hold)The meeting now is of great importance.（hold）The meeting last week is of great importance.（hold）To be heldBeing heldheldPART.0606 主谓一致Anyone can make you smile.Many people can make you cry.But it takes someone really special to make you smile with
31、 tears in your eyes.一、整体原则表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格等的复数名词，作主语要从整体来看，谓语动词用单数。Fifty years is not a long time.Six times seven is forty-two.非谓语动词、从句、其他短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。To do、（to）do、done、doingTo get up early and to go to sleep early is good for health.【由and连接的名词，包括两个不定式、两个动名词作主语，如果指同一件事或一个概念，谓语动词用单数。】Serving the pe
32、ople is great happiness.When well go out for an outing has been decided.when和where加不定式，指同一件事时，谓语动词用单数When and where to build new factory is not decided yet.二、就远原则 along with,with,together with,as well as,accompanied by,rather than,but,except连接两个主语时，谓语动词和第一个主语保持一致。Nobody but Jane knows the secret.I,r
33、ather than you,am responsible for the accident.三、就近原则Not onlybut also,neithernor,eitheror,notbut,or,there be句型，here be连接的并列主语，谓语动词和离他最近的主语在数上保持一致。Not only your fathers friends but also your father likes smoking等One or perhaps more pages are missing.he I finished the experiment?A have neither/norB ha
34、s neither/nor三、就近原则在倒装句中（疑问句属于倒装句），如果主语是并列的，谓语动词和距离近的第一个主语保持一致。Where is your mother and younger sisiter?On the wall are famous paitings.There is a lot of milk in the bottle.四、意义一致并列主语如果表示的时同一人，同一物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。此时and后面的名词无冠词。An/a/theThe secretary and director often works with the workers.The A and B表
35、示一个人的两个身份The hammer and the saw are useful tools.这里指的是两个物品，用复数。The A and the B指人的不定代词【everybody,everyone,somebody,someone,anybody,anyone,nobody,no one】，反义疑问句用they代替；指物的不定代词【everything,nothing,anything,something】，反义疑问句用it代替。Somebody is waiting for you,arent they?Everrything is all right,isnt it?主语是以-
36、ics结尾的学科名词以及news，works（工厂）等词，是复数形式表示单数，谓语动词用单数。Mathematics seems to be difficult to learn.有什么疑问嘛？Anyone can make you smile.Many people can make you cry.But it takes someone really special to make you smile with tears in your eyes.动词谓语非谓语不定式 to do动名词分词现在分词过去分词作成分 有什么词性，就能作什么成分时态和语态逻辑主语 这个动作是谁发出的 肯定与否定 not的位置考点小结THANK YOUAnyone can make you smile.Many people can make you cry.But it takes someone really special to make you smile with tears in your eyes.
