1、Unit 8 Mental Disorders:Popular MythsSkills focusSkills focusReadingReading understanding dependent clauses with passivesWritingWriting paraphrasing expanding notes into complex sentences recognizing different essay types/structures:descriptive analytical comparison/evaluation argument writing essay
2、 plans writing essaysVocabulary focusVocabulary focus synonyms nouns from verbs definitions common direction verbs in essay titles(discuss,analyze,evaluate,etc.)8.1 Vocabulary8.2 Reading8.3 Extending skills8.4 Extending skillsA Discuss the following questions.1 What does the word insanity mean to yo
3、u?Insanity is a term for serious mental illness.It is often associated with impetuous behaviour and irrational decisions and linked with violence.8.1 Vocabulary2 Which words in box a are correct psychological terms and which words are colloquial?What do they mean?Psychological terms:autistic,psychot
4、ic Colloquial terms:crazy,deranged,insane,lunatic,retarded,madA Discuss the following questions.8.1 VocabularyTermsTermsMeaningsMeaningsautisticpsychoticcrazy&madderangedinsanelunaticretardedaffected by a mental disorder which inhibits social interaction,communication and emotional development.affec
5、ted by a mental illness which is characterized by delusions,hallucinations and losing touch with reality.colloquial,or slang,terms meaning mentally unbalanced.Crazy is the colloquial word for insane in US English,but it is used worldwide.In UK English,mad is the colloquial word for insane,but in US
6、English,mad means angry.insaneaffected by a mental illness.Insane is used in general conversation,but is not a technical term for psychological diagnosis.a person afflicted by mental illness.Historically,people with mental disorders were thought to be affected by the phases of the moon(luna means mo
7、on in Latin).used as a derogatory term for people with learning difficulties or brain damage.B What stereotypes are depicted in headlines A-D on the textbook page opposite?8.1 VocabularyB What stereotypes are depicted in headlines A-D on the textbook page opposite?8.1 VocabularyThe stereotype is of
8、people with mental illness committing violent crimes.The headline evokes images of a crowd of savages attacking defenceless children.Insanity is popularly linked with arson,and research has shown that it is the crime most frequently committed by psychiatric patients.The word crazies is a colloquial
9、noun,formed from the adjective crazy and then made plural.B What stereotypes are depicted in headlines A-D on the textbook page opposite?8.1 VocabularyThe stereotype of a schizophreniccommitting murder,particularly his/her mother.The knife is popular in films as the preferred weapon of an insane per
10、son.The film Psycho is an example of the confusion between schizophrenia and dissociative identity disorder and psychotic episodes.Psycho(adj and n)is a colloquial word for insane or a person who is mentally ill.B What stereotypes are depicted in headlines A-D on the textbook page opposite?8.1 Vocab
11、ularyThe autistic genius stereotype comes from the factual relationship between autism and exceptional talent(savant syndrome).10%of people with autism possess an unusual ability in art,music or mathematics.This stereotype is combined with the image of the antisocial personality committing intellect
12、ually complex crimes.In 2001,Gary MacKinnon,a Scottish computer enthusiast with a form of autism,hacked into confidential US Pentagon files.B What stereotypes are depicted in headlines A-D on the textbook page opposite?8.1 VocabularyThe depressed adolescent has been a popular stereotype throughout h
13、istory.The link between depression and suicide is,however,factual.Since the advent of the Internet and social networking sites,for example,teenagers have taken part in online suicide pacts.C Look up each noun in box b in a dictionary.1 Is it countable,uncountable or both?2 What is its psychological
14、meaning?3 What is a good synonym?4 What useful grammatical information can you find?8.1 VocabularyC Look up each noun in box b in a dictionary.8.1 VocabularyWord C/UMeaning in psychologySynonym Useful grammatical informationabuse delusion dissociation C/UU1.excessive or incorrect use of a substance
15、2.physical or mental harm1.a false belief or opinion about yourself or your situation2.the act of believing or making yourself believe something that isnt true.distancing self from disturbing events1.misuse,mishandling2.injure,mistreat,damage,hurtfantasy,illusion,hallucinationusual use is in phrase:
16、drug abuse,alcohol abuse.Usually meaning to take in excess and/or without medical guidance.Can be found as countable in fixed expressions.v=to abuseC/Udetachment,separationC Look up each noun in box b in a dictionary.8.1 VocabularyWord C/UMeaning in psychologySynonym Useful grammatical informationep
17、isodefrenzy imbalance moodCCC/UC/Ua period when the symptoms of a disorder appearstate of uncontrolled mental excitation1.excess or deficit of a chemical element2.disproportionate behaviouran emotional stateevent,incident,occurrenceoutburst,hysteria,derangement1.disparity,discrepancy2.derangement,in
18、sanitydisposition,frame of mind,mindsetusual use is in set phrases:manic episode,depressive episodeusually used in the singularC Look up each noun in box b in a dictionary.8.1 VocabularyWord C/UMeaning in psychologySynonym Useful grammatical informationpactpsychosissuicide syndromeCC/UC/Uan agreemen
19、t to do something togetherinability to differentiate between imagination and reality;a symptom of mental illnessact of killing yourselfa group of symptoms that indicate a specific disorderarrangement,promisederangement,mental disturbancetake your own lifecondition,illness,diseaseused in the phrase:s
20、uicide pactv=to commit suicideC/Uused in the phrase:Downs syndrome,Aspergers syndromeused in the set phrase:psychotic episodeusually used in the singular1 Match the verbs with similar meanings.2 Make nouns from the verbs if possible.D Study the two lists of verbs in box c.8.1 VocabularyD Study the t
21、wo lists of verbs in box c.8.1 VocabularyVerbVerbNounNounVerbVerbNounNouncharacterizeexpelexploitlinklose touch withmanifestperpetuatepropagatevarydefineeliminatetake advantage ofconnectbe detached fromdisplaycontinuespreaddifferdefinitionelimination_connectiondetachmentdisplaycontinuationspreaddiff
22、erencecharacteristicexpulsionexploitationlink_manifestationperpetuationpropagationvariety,variation1How does the writer restate each section heading within the paragraph?Model answers:A:Sensationalism in the press=melodramatic headlines in the newspaper B:Mental health and violence=people who suffer
23、 from mental disorders are violentE Look at the Hadford University handout.8.1 Vocabulary2 Find synonyms for the italicized words and phrases.Use a dictionary if necessary.E Look at the Hadford University handout.8.1 VocabularyItalicized Italicized words/phraseswords/phrasessynonymssynonymsItalicize
24、d words/phrasesItalicized words/phrasessynonymssynonymsMelodramaticmisconceptionsimproveofWith this in mindpopularexploitsviolentprimitiveintimidatingsuch ascharacterizeslinkingacutemental illnessepisodesperpetuateSensationalincreaseTaking this into accounttakes advantage ofbasiclikeassociatingpsych
25、iatric disorderspromotemistaken beliefsaboutcommonaggressivehostiletypifiessevereincidents3 Rewrite each sentence to make paraphrases of the texts.Use:synonyms you have found yourself synonyms from Exercise C the nouns you made in Exercise D passives where possible any other words that are necessary
26、 Example:Example:Melodramatic headlines in the press can affect sales considerably.Newspapers sell far more when they have sensational headlines.E Look at the Hadford University handout.8.1 Vocabulary3 Rewrite each sentence to make paraphrases of the texts.E Look at the Hadford University handout.8.
27、1 VocabularyA Sensationalism in the pressA Sensationalism in the press Newspaper sales are enhanced by dramatic headlines.To appeal to the publics basic instincts,the press presents people afflicted with mental disorders as hostile and aggressive.The media does this both by misusing psychological te
28、rminology and by directly associating violence and psychiatric disturbance.This results in the continuation of negative stereotypes of mental illness.B Mental health and violenceB Mental health and violence Although mental disorders and violent behaviour are often associated in the popular imaginati
29、on,there is no scientific proof to support this.In fact,studies indicate that aggression is only typical of a minority of psychiatric patients in moments of severe psychosis.Possible paraphrases:1 Look up the definitions of the types of crime represented in the chart.F Study the chart on the page op
30、posite.8.1 Vocabulary1 Look up the definitions of the types of crime represented in the chart.F Study the chart on the page opposite.8.1 VocabularyTypes of crimeTypes of crimedefinitionsdefinitionsCommon assaultArsonThreats and harassmentAssaulting a police officerSexual offencesRobberiesintentional
31、ly attacking and physically harming a persondeliberately setting fire to a buildingto threaten is to frighten people by telling them that they,or anyone associated with them,are going to be harmed;to harass is to bully or intimidate people by insulting them or making them afraid of what might happen
32、 to themthe same as common assault,but is a different category of crime because the police represent law and orderacts which force individuals,including children,into unacceptable intimate contactstealing,theft,burglary2 What crime is most commonly committed by people with mental disorders?Why do yo
33、u think this is?Possible answer:Arson is the crime most commonly committed by psychiatric patients.The reason is not fully understood,but research has shown that firesetters are typically male with personality disorders and occasionally mental retardation.The reasons given for starting fires deliber
34、ately often include anger and revenge.F Study the chart on the page opposite.8.1 VocabularyA Link the causes of mental illness in this list with the items in box a:a chemical imbalance in the brain _b traumatic experience _c poverty _d genetics _e abuse in childhood _f drug abuse _ 8.2 Readingschizo
35、phrenia,depressiondissociative identity disorder,phobiasanxiety,hysteriaschizophrenia,depressionschizophreniadissociative identity disorder 1 Which are stereotypically associated with violence?Schizophrenia and dissociative identity disorder are popularly associated with violence.2 Give an example o
36、f a common belief related to mental illness.Examples of common beliefs:Schizophrenia and dissociative identity disorder are both characterized by split personality.All schizophrenics are violent.Hysteria is exclusive to middle-aged women.A Link the causes of mental illness in this list with the item
37、s in box a:8.2 Reading 1 What should the writer do in each type?B Look at the five essay types on the right.8.2 ReadingWhat the writer should doWhat the writer should doDescriptive Descriptive writingwritingAnalyticalAnalyticalwritingwritingComparisonComparisondescribe or summarize key ideas/events/
38、points.Give the plain facts.Could involve writing about:a narrative description(a history of something);a process(how something happens);key ideas in a theory;main points of an article(answers the question what is/are?)try to analyze(=go behind the plain facts)or explain something or give reasons fo
39、r a situation;may also question accepted ideas and assumptions(answers the question why/how?)compare two or more aspects/ideas/things/people,etc.;usually also evaluate,i.e.,say which is better/bigger,etc.1 What should the writer do in each type?B Look at the five essay types on the right.8.2 Reading
40、What the writer should doWhat the writer should doArgument Argument writingwritingPractical Practical reportreportgive an opinion and support the opinion with evidence/reasons,etc.;may also give opposing opinions(counter-arguments)and show how they are wrongoutline background of experiment(previous
41、experiments/literature);give reasons for conducting experiment;state hypothesis;describe the design,materials and methodology;report results;discuss results(e.g.,identify problems with design,materials,methodology);evaluate results of experiment(in relation to hypothesis);recommend future research 2
42、 Match each essay type with one of the questions below the slide(A-E).3 What topics should be covered in each essay question?B Look at the five essay types on the right.8.2 ReadingSee Vocabulary bank.See Vocabulary bank.B Look at the five essay types on the right.8.2 ReadingType of Type of writingwr
43、itingQuestionQuestionTopicsTopicsDescriptive writingAnalytical writingComparisonBCE stereotype:definition four stereotypes:e.g.,violent,unpredictable,criminal,deluded symptoms of mental illnesses:examples how stereotypes linked to symptoms:examples images of mentally ill:dangerous,homeless,criminal,
44、embarrassing irresponsible reporting,exaggerated link between crime,violence and mental imbalance:examples use of graphics,fonts,colours in press:examples from headlines use of terminology to misrepresent mental illness:examples schizophrenia:definition dissociative identity disorder:definition exam
45、ples of similarities:-symptoms:delusions,unpredictability examples of differences:-causes:genetic,physiological/trauma -disorganization/coherence -treatmentB Look at the five essay types on the right.8.2 ReadingType of Type of writingwritingQuestionQuestionTopicsTopicsArgument writingPractical repor
46、tAD violent crimes:often linked to mental illness thesis statement:mental illness is/is not linked to crime mental disorders associated with crime:examples disorders not associated with crime:statistics background:social pressure to conform reasons for experiments:investigate effect of social pressu
47、res on individuals hypothesis:individual attitudes affected by the majority describe experiments and result relate to effect of mass media on individual thinking strengths and weaknesses of experiments in relation to media influence conclusion:conformity promoted by mass media to some degreeSpecial
48、verbs called direction verbsdirection verbs are used in essay titles.Each direction verb indicates a type of essay.You must understand the meaning of these words so you can choose the correct writing plan.Understanding direction verbs in essay titlesUnderstanding direction verbs in essay titlesVocab
49、ulary bankVocabulary bankKind of essayKind of essayDirection verbsDirection verbsDescriptiveDescriptiveState Say Outline Describe Summarize What is/are?AnalyticalAnalyticalAnalyze Explain Comment on Examine Give reasons for Why?How?Comparison/evaluationComparison/evaluationCompare(and contrast)Disti
50、nguish between Evaluate What are the advantages and/or disadvantages of?ArgumentArgumentDiscuss Consider (Critically)evaluate To what extent?How far?Practical reportsPractical reportsOutline Explain State Describe.Summarize Discuss 8.2 ReadingC Read the title of the text on the opposite page and the
