1、阅读技能训练阅读技能训练 猜测词义猜测词义How to guess the How to guess the meaning of wordsmeaning of words?LuleyPenguin pngwn The penguin is a kind of animalThe penguin is a kind of sea birdThe penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole(南极南极).It is fat and walks in funny way Most kinds of crabs live in the
2、 water.crab krb It is a kind of animal.It has a hard shell.It has eight legs.It is very delicious after being cooked.If you meet new words while working on test papers,what will you do?GuessGuess the meaning the meaning1.I will not make friends with a dishonest person.2.When the little boy finished,
3、his father was speechless.3.If some athletes use drugs,it is unfair to the others.1 根据构词法猜词根据构词法猜词 首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律,其次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。如其次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。如:un-,im-,mis-,-less,-ness等。等。小小结结dis+honestspeech+lessun+fair1.It will be very hard but also very brittle that is,it will break easily.2.The
4、 purpose of the campaign was to catch “ringers”,students who take tests for other students.3.A calendar is a list of the days,weeks,months of a particular year.2 2 根据释义猜词根据释义猜词 释义常由定语从句或由释义常由定语从句或由is,or,that is(to say),in other words,be called，be known as等词汇或破折号来表示。等词汇或破折号来表示。小小结结易碎的易碎的冒名替考者冒名替考者日历日
5、历britlbritl小试身手祝祝功功成成你你!1.Finally the enemy surrendered srend.They threw down their guns and walked out of the home with their hands over their heads.2.The herdsman,h:dzmn who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.1.Like clever David,Richard may be intelligent.2.Your ideas are so nebulous th
6、at they are not clear to me.小小结结 and,or,like,sothat常连接同义词组常连接同义词组。聪明的聪明的 不清楚的不清楚的Have a try!祝祝功功成成你你!1.Although people in many countries consider raw meat delicious,we Chinese people seldom eat any meat that is uncooked.2.Children often try to emulate,or copy the behavior that they see on television
7、.4 4 根据对比和转折关系根据对比和转折关系表转折关系的词常有表转折关系的词常有but,while,however,instead of,rather than,unlike,yet,though,tooto等。等。小结小结热的热的勤奋的勤奋的1.Although the early morning had been very cold,the noonday sun was tropical trpikl.2.Tom is lazy,but his brother industrious.indstris1.John usually wastes a lot of money on suc
8、h useless things,however,his wife is very thrifty.2.His shirt was clean,but his shoes were grubby.小试身手祝祝功功成成你你!1.The clock is so accurate that it will never lose a second in more than 200 million years.2.All his attempts to unlock the door was futile,because she was using the wrong key.徒劳的，无效的徒劳的，无效
9、的5 5 根据因果关系猜词根据因果关系猜词精确的精确的小小结结常用关联词如常用关联词如:because，as，since，for，so，as a result,等表示前因后果。等表示前因后果。6 6 根据生活常识或经验根据生活常识或经验 1.In the old days,when girls from rich families were married to their husbands,they expected to bring with themselves plenty of dowry.2.But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long t
10、ime.Then there will be a drought.3.The snake slithered through the grass.嫁妆嫁妆旱灾旱灾爬行爬行,滑行滑行 1.The shop sells stationery steinri,such as pens,pencils,paper,envelopes,and so on.文具文具 2.we took the provision pruvin with us to camp,for example，there were meat,bread,milk,sugar and fruit.小小结结7 7 根据举例猜词根据举例猜
11、词食品食品such assuch as，for examplefor example for instance小试身手祝祝功功成成你你!1.When a farmer keeps livestock laivstk,such as cows,sheep,pigs or goats,he must give them grain,vegetables,grasses,etc 2.Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances plans,for example,washing machines,fridges a
12、nd color televisions.Practice makes perfect1.She asked the hairdresser to trim her hair because it was too long.2.Mark Twain was not the authors real name;it was a pseudonym.3.She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.4.He is one of the most loquacious men I
13、know,his brother,however,does not talk much.修剪修剪笔名笔名,化名化名全神贯注的全神贯注的多话的；唠叨的多话的；唠叨的5.Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city.6.A stunt person is a man or woman who does all the dangerous bits of acting work in films or on TV.7.The offi
14、cial asked the man what his occupation was.The man told him that he worked as an engineer.8.Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health.郊区郊区,城外城外特技演员特技演员工作工作,职业职业有害的有害的Competition Wang Zhizhi said,“I realized I had made a big mistake.I want to say sorry to my fans and to th
15、e Bayi Team(八八一队一队)which trained me and gave me the chance to play in the NBA.I was too young to make the right decision.I hope I could make up my fault this time and win back my place in the national team.A.A.表现出色表现出色 B.B.弥补过失弥补过失 C.C.珍惜机会珍惜机会 D.D.得到谅解得到谅解2 points You may be able to get social assi
16、stance under the OW program.This kind of assistance is short-term help for your day-to-day needs.It helps pay for things like food,clothing and medicine.What does the underlined word“assistance”mean in Paragraph 1?A.help B.money C.education D.advice5 pointsThe Venus flytrap is a very strange plant.I
17、ts leaves can open and close very quickly.Inside the leaves,there are three small hairs.If a fly touches one of the hairs,the leaf closes quickly.The fly cannot get out.In about half an hour,the leaf presses the fly until it is dead.A.A.挤压挤压 B.B.关上关上 C.C.打开打开 D.D.松开松开3 points The life of an ant is u
18、sually 45-60 daysGrownup ants cannot eat hard food.Instead they have the juice that they get from pieces of food.An ant has two eyes.Each eye is made up of many smaller eyes.They are called compound eyes.A.A.明亮的明亮的 B.B.柔弱的柔弱的 C.C.模糊的模糊的 D.D.复合的复合的Exchange your scores with one of the other groups as
19、you like.Some people read very rapidly,while others read very slowly.Someone who reads everything very quickly,may say,“I am a rapid reader.I can read a whole book in one evening.”What does the underlined word“rapidly”mean in the second paragraph?A:Early B:Carefully C:Quickly D:Clearly1 points Small
20、,simple buildings are not always designed by architects.But larger,more complex ones nearly always are.The underlined word“complex”means _.A:large B:beautiful C:not simple D:not modern3 points Nowadays more and more people care about the exploitation(开采开采)of the natural resources,such as oil,coal an
21、d so on.A.A.商品商品 B.B.现象现象 C.C.资源资源 D.D.污染污染4 points About 25%of Englands total consumption(消耗）消耗）of energy is domestic it is used only in the home.What does the word“domestic”mean in Paragraph Two?A:Producing energy B:Fast driving C:On the road D:For family use4 points生活生活常识常识对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系同义词同义词构
22、词法构词法定义定义上下文上下文举例Guess the meaning of words 1.Go over what we learned today.2.Finish additional exercises.Homework词义猜测型解题技巧阅读理解峨山一中峨山一中 蔡立蔡立Guessing-word skills阅读理解命题特点：主旨大意题主旨大意题观点态度题观点态度题推理判断题推理判断题词义猜测题词义猜测题事实细节题事实细节题1.We can learn from the underlined part that (06辽宁)2.The underlined word”it”in pa
23、ragraph refers to (2011 湖南、福建等)3.By saying,the author means to say that (2011 浙江)4.The underlined sentence in paragraph implies/refers to/means(2011江西、天津等)常见的猜测词义题设问方式Guessing-word skillsThe word“address”in the second line probably means“_”.The underlined word“spin-off”in Paragraph 4 probably refers
24、 to _.The underlined word“it”in the second paragraph refers to“_”.By“we were all beside ourselves”,the writer means that they all_.猜测词义题目类型Guessing-word skills对考纲内熟词新义的猜测对考纲内熟词新义的猜测对代词的猜测对代词的猜测对句义的猜测对句义的猜测对考纲外生词的猜测对考纲外生词的猜测例句：His latest invention turned out to be a real cash cow.He earned lots of mo
25、ney now.注释：“cash cow”意思是“摇钱树；能持续收益的产品或投资”。Guessing-word skillscash cowLets guessbanana skin例句：The mayor made a common mistake which is a right banana skin.Guessing-word skills注释：“banana skin”除了字面意思的“香蕉皮”，还指“某人（尤指政府官员）在公众场合犯的尴尬错误”，就像当众脚踩到香蕉皮，一不下心就滑倒，你说尴尬不尴尬？Bean counter 注释：“bean counter”意思是“善于计算的人；只对
26、金钱感兴趣的人”。一般人很难把一堆豆子的数目点算清楚，如果形容一个人是“bean counter”，通常含贬义，说明这个人喜欢把时间花在鸡毛蒜皮的事情上面，并且乐此不疲。例句：My wife is really a bean counter.She always knows how much I spent on cigarettes.Guessing-word skillsGuessing-word skillsQ2.If you meet the new words when reading,what will you do?Q1.Do you think guessing new wor
27、ds is difficult?Tow questions?Strategy I:Guessing-word skillsUseful strategies 猜词技巧1.Birds fly with their wings,and they pick up their foods,and then eat them with their beaksbeaks and they use their claws for tearing,seizing,pulling or holding objects.“beak”here means _.a birds moutha birds mouthCo
28、mmon sense 常识2.Most of the roses are beginning to witherwither because of the cold.“wither”refers to _.dry up and diedry up and die(2011陕西)“The promise was that you could use less chemicals and boost production.But neither is true.”said Bill Christison.What does the underlined word“boost”probably me
29、an?A.control B.evaluate C.obtain D.increase真题演练：Guessing-word skillsGuessing-word skillsLanguage context&Logical Connection1.根据上下文/语境解释作出判断 2.利用逻辑关系进行判断Strategy II:Strategy II:（一）根据上下文/语境解释做出判断：其方法主要有：Guessing-word skills1 1根据文中的定义、解释猜生词根据文中的定义、解释猜生词 。例如：。例如：BarometersBarometers are used to measure
30、the pressure of the air in order to help judge probable changes in the weather or to help calculate(计算)the height above sea level.2 2利用事例或解释猜生词利用事例或解释猜生词 。例如：。例如：The doctor is studying glaucomaglaucoma and other diseases of the eye 3 3利用重复解释的信息猜生词利用重复解释的信息猜生词 。例如：。例如：Mr.Smith always arrives home pun
31、ctuallypunctually，neither early nor late气压表气压表按时地，准时地按时地，准时地a kind of disease of the eye a kind of disease of the eye 青光青光眼眼Guessing-word skills4 4根据同位关系进行判断：根据同位关系进行判断：阅读中出现一些难词，有时后面就是一个同位语同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这种解释有时也用连词连词“oror”连接。此外，也可根据定语从句定语从句来进行判断。a），and other Germanic and Nordic peoples，who spoke wha
32、t we now call Anglo-SaxonAnglo-Saxon（or Old English），a Germanic language b）The ChunnelChunnel，a tunnel（隧道）connecting England and France，is now complete小结：某些生词的词义往往会在下文下文中得到解释或说明 这些解释有时以定义定义 定语从句定语从句 同位语同位语的形式出现;有时用破折号 括号冒号 引号等符号引出;有时还用that is,that is to say,in that is,that is to say,in other words,o
33、rother words,or等词语引出 Guessing-word skills1.Archaeology Archaeology is the study of the buried remains（残骸）of ancient times,such as houses,pots,tools and weapons.2.The herdsmanherdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.3.On the farm they mainly raise poultrypoultry,such as chickens,duc
34、ks and geese,for their eggs and meat.考古学考古学小试身手家禽家禽牧羊人牧羊人Guessing-word skills（二）Logical Connection 根据逻辑关系进行判断Mary didnt notice me when I came into the classroom,because she was completely engrossed in his reading.常见的表示因果关系的信号词有:since,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,due to,result in,as a r
35、esult,for this reason,accordinglyTom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.v.v.全神贯注全神贯注adj.adj.独断专行的独断专行的（根据因果关系）Guessing-word skillsAndrew is one of the most supercilioussupercilious men I know.His brother，however，is quite humble
36、 and modest.常见表示转折，对比关系的信号词：but,yet,however,while,whereas(但是,而),otherwise,in spite of,despite,even though,although,though,instead(of),on the other hand,by/in contrast,rather than,on the contrary 目空一切目空一切 的，傲慢的的，傲慢的 （根据转折对比关系）Mrs.Smith is loquaciousloquacious while her husband is the silent type.多嘴多舌
37、的多嘴多舌的 Guessing-word skills真题演练真题演练 The homeless people may have become jobless and then been unable to pay their rent and so no longer have a roof over their headsa roof over their heads.In paragraph 2,“a roof over their heads”most probably means _.A.a cap B.a car C.a home D.a coveringA good boss c
38、an recognize instantly the adeptadept workers from the unskilled ones.The underlined word“adept”means _.A.encouraged B.comparedC.curious D.skillful根据因果关系根据因果关系 根据转折关系根据转折关系Guessing-word skillsStrategy III:Strategy III:Word-formation（复合法，转化法，派生法）1.(05重庆卷)Its true that lighthouse were built in out-of-
39、the-wayout-of-the-way place.2.When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago,how could they even begin to picturepicture modern life?3.When he reached the place with his army,he found an impassableimpassable river in front of him.（合成形容词）（合成形容词）（词性变化）（词性变化）（词的派生）（词的派生）Guessing-word skills常见的前后缀
40、常见的前后缀:在之间超易于的极小的反对后微小一同，一起之前 super-inter-mini-micro-some anti-co-post-pre-Guessing-word skillsnonjudgmentaladj.adj.没有判断力的没有判断力的判断判断 n.n.判断判断 v.v.judgejudgmentjudgmentalGuessing-word skillsExercise Exercise 1.SociologySociology is the term used to describe the scientific study of human society.2.His
41、 uncle is a zoologistzoologist,an expert who does research on animals.3.Jane is indecisiveindecisive,that is,she cant make up her mind.猜词技巧：构词法及前面所提到的定义释义法-通过定义,定语从句,词组,同位语从句来体现.（动物学家）（动物学家）（没有决定能力的）（没有决定能力的）（社会学）（社会学）Guessing-word skillsConclusion Conclusion How to guess the meaning of words?常识常识重复
42、信息重复信息对比转折对比转折构词法构词法定义、同位、定义、同位、标点符号标点符号举例归纳举例归纳因果关系因果关系Guessing-word skillsExerciseExercise Everyone agreed that the woman in the photo was gorgeousgorgeousIt was easy to see why she had won the beauty contest“gorgeous”means“_.”Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbssuburbs which
43、was so different from that inside the city.A.town B.capital C.countryside D.houseThe old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house.Her neighbor all call her an eccentriceccentric lady.A.爱猫的 B.古怪的 C.闲不住 D.动物保护主义者美丽动人的美丽动人的 Guessing-word skillsExerciseExercise (北京卷)It now takes year
44、s for scientists to collect all the data they need to describe and analyze species.The creators of the Encyclopedia of Life hope that their new tool will speed up that processthat process.In the last paragraph,“that process”means_.A.analyzing species B.creating a new tool C.collecting data D.describ
45、ing speciesAlthough he often had the chance,Mr.Brown was never able to steal money from a customer.This would endangered his position at the bank,and he did not want to jeopardizejeopardize his future.The word“jeopardize”means _ in this text.A.protect B.endanger C.continue D.stopGuessing-word skills
46、1.认真复习今天所学的内容2.完成增分卷最后两张Homework:Homework:THANKS FOR COMINGGuessing meanings 根据上下文猜测生词的含义是考生根据上下文猜测生词的含义是考生必须掌握的一项重要阅读技能必须掌握的一项重要阅读技能,因此因此,词词义猜测题是高考阅读理解的必考题型。义猜测题是高考阅读理解的必考题型。这类题包括猜测单词、短语、句子的意这类题包括猜测单词、短语、句子的意思和判断指代内容。思和判断指代内容。高考考点分布：高考考点分布：考纲要求考纲要求考题落实情况考题落实情况201420142013201320122012201120112010201
47、020092009 20082008理解主旨和要义理解主旨和要义1 13 32 21 11 11 12 2理解文中具体信理解文中具体信息息4 49 9131313137 710106 6根据上下文推根据上下文推断生词的词义断生词的词义1 12 21 11 11 11 11 1作出判断和推理作出判断和推理14145 52 24 44 42 24 4理解文章的基本理解文章的基本结构结构0 00 00 00 00 00 00 0理解作者的意图、理解作者的意图、观点和态度观点和态度0 01 12 21 12 21 12 22007 2007 3 37 72 22 20 01 1 分析题干能力分析题干能
48、力unconditional:无条件的无条件的,绝对的绝对的 adj.adj.condition conditional 情况，条件情况，条件 n.n.有条件的有条件的 adj.adj.unconditional:Group1 Group1 nonjudgmental:没有判断力的没有判断力的judge judgment judgmental判断判断 v.v.判断判断 n.n.adjadj.nonjudgmental:归纳归纳1 1：英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是生词，但掌
49、握了一定来，这个词可能是生词，但掌握了一定的构词法知识，就不难猜出它的词义。的构词法知识，就不难猜出它的词义。Group2 1.It will be very hard but also very brittle that is,it will break easily2.The purpose of the campaign was to catch“ringers”,students who take tests for other students.脆的脆的冒名替考者冒名替考者3.3.Anthropology is the scientific study of man.Anthropo
50、logy means _.4.The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope,an instrument for listening to patients heartbeat and breathing.人类学人类学 听诊器听诊器根据同位或解释关系：根据同位或解释关系：3.3.根据并列同类关系根据并列同类关系:猜词能力猜词能力逻辑词：逻辑词：be,be called,means,be defined as,that is（to say）,namely,in other words,ect 通过生词后的定语通过生词后的定语(定语从句或
