1、Discovering Useful Structures Unit 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONLead-in观察对话，完成下面的句型转换。1.Li Lei said,“Im quite sure about it.”Li Lei said that _ quite sure about it.2.Jim said,“I havent see you today.”Jim said that _.3.The teacher asked me,“Do you have difficulty working it out?”The teacher asked me _.h
2、e washe hadnt seen me that daywhether/if I had difficulty working it outI know it.I said I knew it.What did you say?Work in groups.Look at the sentences in both columns and discuss the differences between each pair.Summarise the rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech.Direct SpeechIndi
3、rect Speech1The expert said,“From the position of its dead body,the bear appeared to have starved and died.”The expert said that from the position of its dead body,the bear appeared to have starved and died.2The reporter asked,“Will polar bears die out because of climate change?”The reporter asked t
4、hat whether polar bears would die out because of climate change.3The reporter asked,“How can we save polar bears from extinction?”The reporter asked how we could save polar bears from extinction.4“Lets work together to stop climate change,”the expert said.The expert advised us to work together to st
5、op climate change.1Rules:Direct speech reports the exact words of the speaker.Indirect speech reports what a speaker said in our own words.There are some grammatical differences between direct and indirect speeches.If we want to change direct speech into indirect speech,we will change tenses,pronoun
6、s,and other words when necessary.First,if a verb in quotation marks is in present tense,change to corresponding past tense;if a verb is in simple past tense,change to past perfect tense.Second,person pronouns change according to the person of the object of the reporting verb.Third,adverbs that show
7、nearness in direct speech.For example,now changes to then;today changes to that day;here changes to there.Summary直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语Direct Speech and Indirect Speech一.定义：直接引用别人的话叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。例句：The girl said,“I like English very much.”The girl said that she liked English very much.Note:1.引语
8、前常使用逗号，而不是冒号；引号内直接引语的单词首字母要大写。2.间接引语不用逗号，引号；间接引语要考虑人称，时态，时间状语，地点状语和指示代词的变化。二.直接引语和间接引语的变化1.人称变化一随主直接引语中的第一人称变间接引语后与主句主语的人称保持一致He says,“I like math very much.”He says that he likes math very much.二随宾直接引语中的第二人称变间接引语后与主句主语的人称保持一致He said to Lily,“You must get up early.”He told Lily that she must get up
9、early.三不变直接引语的第三人称在变间接引语后人称不变She said to me,“They want to help him.”She told me that they wanted to help him.2.时态变化（主句为一般过去时）直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语句子时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时过去将来时Note:1.主句是一般现在时态时，从句可以根据意思使用相应的时态。例句：She says that she was going to buy a CD.She says that she wen
10、t to buy a CD2.直接引语是客观真理，谚语和格言时，时态不变。例句：“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.”the teacher told me.The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth3.直接引语中有具体的过去时间状语时，时态不变。例句：Tom said,“I was born on April 21,1980.”Tom said he was bor
11、n on April 21,1980.3.指示代词，时间，地点状语及方向性动词的变化。项目项目直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语指示代词thisthesethatthose时间nowtodaytonightthis weekyesterdaylast weekthenthat daythat nightthat weekthe day beforethe week before地点herethere动词comebringgo take例句：He said,“It is nine oclock now.”He said that it was nine oclock then.He said,“I
12、 havent seen her today.”He said that he havent seen her that day.He said,“We went to the cinema yesterday.”He said that they had gone to the cinema the day before.4.连接词和语序变化项目项目连接词连接词语序语序陈述句that或省略不变一般疑问句 引述动词后加上if 或whether陈述语序特殊疑问句 连接词不变陈述语序祈使句无连接词不变例句：He said to me,“You can help her.”He said to me
13、(that)I could help her.He asked her,“Do you love me?”He asked her whether she loved him.He asked me,“What colour do you like?”He asked me what colour I liked.He said to me,“Dont be late.”He asked me not to be late.1.He said to Kate,“How is your sister now?”He asked Kate _.2.She said,“Do you often co
14、me here to read newspapers?”She asked me _ to read newspapers.3.The geography teacher said,“Light travels much faster than sound.”The geography teacher said _ than sound.4.“Listen to me and dont make so much noise,children!”said the teacher.The teacher _.how her sister was thenwhether/if I often wen
15、t therelight travels much faster asked the children to listen to him and not to make so much noise即即学学即即用用Here are some statements and questions by children who attended scientific lectures.Guess who they were talking to and then change the sentences into indirect speech.Diane“What made Hurricane Ka
16、trina unusual?”“Was it the worst natural disaster in American history?”DianeDiane asked what had made Hurricane Katrina unusual.Diane asked if/whether it had been the worst natural disaster in American history.2Martha“I want to become a scientist and help the world.”“Im doing a project on behalf of
17、my school about global warming.”Martha Martha said that she wanted to become a scientist and help the world.Martha said that she was doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.Bob“Why is nuclear power a sensitive topic?”“Could you explain how the nuclear disaster happened?”BobBob as
18、ked why nuclear power was such a sensitive topic.Bob asked if/whether they could explain how the nuclear disaster had happened.Laura“How many animals have disappeared because of human hunting?”“What can we do to help wild animals?”LauraLaura asked how many animals had disappeared because of human hu
19、nting.Laura asked what we could do to help wild animals.Vincent“Ive never been to the Amazon Jungle.”“Will scientists discover new species there?”Vincent Vincent said that he had never been to the Amazon Jungle.Vincent asked whether/if scientists would discover new species there.Work in groups.Do a
20、survey on what your group members are doing to help the environment and what else they can do.Then report to the class.Michelle I always use my cloth bag when I go shopping,rather than use plastic bags.JackI often walk or ride a bike instead of taking a taxi.SallyDont print out documents unless real
21、ly necessary.JoeWould it be best to share books with others?3EXAMPLEI asked my group members what they did to limit the amount of carbon dioxide produced in their daily lives.Jack told me that he often walked or rode a bike instead of taking a taxi.Joe advised us to share books with others.Sally asked us.Thank you!
