1、（madeofdingshangtuwenmadeofdingshangtuwen）ComputersUnit 3教材内容分析 本单元的听说读写活动围绕中心话题“计算机”展开，内容涉及计算机的发展历史，计算机的应用等，其中还谈到包括计算机在内的几种信息技术的载体，智能机器人的发明等。“现在完成被动式”是本单元的句法项目。教学设计说明根据教学内容可将本单元分为四个课时四个课时来进行教学：1.Warming up与reading整合成一课时，重点在于引导学生了解计算机的发展历史。2.Learning about language作为一课时，着重帮助学生分析文章中的语言点和掌握本单元的语法项目。3.
2、Using language中的listening和speaking作为一课时，引导学生进一步了解和谈论关于IT的知识。4.Using language中的reading和writing作为一课时，旨在激发学生对于计算机兴趣以及设计机器人。I am very old now.I was born in China.Many people used me for calculating in the past,but now I am a bit lonely because they dont like me now.Do you know who I am?abacusRiddles(Rid
3、dles(谜语谜语)I can be used for calculating.Besides,I can also be used for watching DVD,sending e-mail and communicating through the Internet.However,I am not a PC,because Im small enough for you to take me with you.Do you know who I am?laptopPDA Personal Digital AssistantI am so small in size that I ca
4、n fit in your hand.I usually have a small screen usually bigger than a digital phone,however smaller than the smallest laptop,Im a great way to store telephone numbers,access the internet,make calculations,and so on.Do you know who I am?I am very small.I can be used for calculating.In China,a lot of
5、 students use me when solving mathematical problems.Do you know who I am?calculatorI am very big.Scientists use me to solve some mathematical problems.huge computerDo you know who I am?robotIm a machine that works automatically.I can do a wide variety of tasks,especially suitable for doing jobs too
6、boring,difficult,or dangerous for human beings.Do you know who I am?PC Personal ComputerIm a small,relatively inexpensive computer designed for an individual user.Im based on the microprocessor technology.At home,people use me to surf the Internet and play games.Do you know who I am?PDAabacuscalcula
7、torhuge computerPClaptopWhats next?Can you tell the development of computers?robotDo you know in what ways computers are used today?Work out a list and compare it with your partner.search for see movieslisten to musicread books and magazinessend emails to friendsdownload music and filmsbuy things on
8、 lineplay games on the computerdraw pictureslook at photographs on the computeruse a computer for school worktake part in chat groupsWHO AM I?Reading1.Who is the speaker in this story?2.Whats the main idea of this passage?A.The development of computers.B.The development and use of computers.C.A mach
9、ine which is simple-minded.D.Computers may replace human beings.A computer.SkimmingReading Comprehension I16421822The analytical machine was made by Charles Babbage.The computer began as a calculating machine1936The computer grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower.Finish the timeline below.Scann
10、ingReading Comprehension II1940sThe first family of computers was connected to each other.1970sNow1960sComputers were used in offices and homes.Computers connect people all over the world together.The computer had grown as large as a room.These changes only became possible as my memory improved.Sinc
11、e the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.Over time I have been changed quite a lot.Para 1:Para 2:Para 3:Match the main ideas and the paragraphs.Reading Comprehension IIIComplete the chart below.Para-graph 1Para-graph 2Para-graph 3Topic sentenceSupporting detailstubescommunica-tionsfi
12、nanceScanningReading ComprehensionParagraph 1Topic sentenceOver time I have been changed quite a lot.Supporting details1 calculating machine2 analytical machine3 universal machine4 PC5 laptopParagraph 2Topic sentenceThese changes only became possible as my memory improved.Supporting details1 tubes2
13、transistors3 chips4 network5 World Wide WebParagraph 3Topic sentenceSince the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.Supporting details1 communications 2 finance 3 trade4 robots 5 mobile phones6 medical operations7 space rockets8 providing a life of high qualityBrainstorm a list of thing
14、s that you,your school and your familyuse computers for.Think about what you wouldhave to do if you could not usecomputers any more.DiscussionDiscussionFill the word or expression for each of the following meanings from the text.1 _ complete change in ways of thinking,working,etc2 _ connected comput
15、er system3 _ to make things easierrevolutionnetworksimplify4 _ to find the answer using numbers5 _can be moved easily from place to place6 _ to work out the answer to a problem7 _to travel around an area to find out about itcalculatemobilesolveexplore8 _ completely9 _ anyway10 _ activity of managing
16、 moneytotallyanyhowfinanceComplete the passage with the words below.artificial technology intelligent applications explore Web reality logicallyMy brother was very interested in computers and enjoyed writing programs of his own.He used to download information from the Internet and madegood use of it
17、.He liked to _ the World Wide _ and used the Internet to communicate with computer programmers all over the world.When he went to university he studied IT(information _)and developed a special in _exploreWebtechnologyartificialintelligence.After developing special _of the computer,he hopes to design
18、 an _ robot which can think _ and look like human being,but in _ he was a long way to go.logicallyapplicationsintelligentreality1.calculate 2.vt.work(sth.)out by using numbers 计算计算e.g.calculate the cost of sth.calculator n.计算器计算器2.universal adj.existing everywhere or involving everyone普遍的；通用的；宇宙的普遍的
19、；通用的；宇宙的universal rules 一般的原则一般的原则universe n.宇宙宇宙;万有万有;世界世界;全人类全人类Our world is but a small part of theuniverse.我们的世界只是宇宙的一小部分。我们的世界只是宇宙的一小部分。3.simplify vt to make something less complicated and therefore easier to do or understand简化简化The English in this story has been simplified to make it easier to
20、 understand.这个故事里的英语被简写了，可更这个故事里的英语被简写了，可更 容易理解。容易理解。4.logical adj.合逻辑的；合清理的合逻辑的；合清理的a logical thinker 思想有逻辑性的人思想有逻辑性的人a logical process 合理的程序合理的程序logically adv.逻辑上；逻辑上；有条理地有条理地He acted logically under the circumstances.在这种情况下他做事仍然很理智。在这种情况下他做事仍然很理智。Logically,the decision is obvious.从逻辑上，这项决定是明显的。从逻
21、辑上，这项决定是明显的。5.technologytechnique(n.)technologist(person)technical(adj.)technological(adj.)1)This company is in great need of many _.2)To build this machine,you must have _ability.3)Do you know the knowledge of agricultural _.technologiststechnicaltechnique6.artificial adj.人造的人造的;假的假的artificial flow
22、ers/limbs/pearls 假假花花/假肢假肢/假珍珠假珍珠artificial intelligence 人工智能人工智能7.intelligence noun U the ability to learn,understandand make judgments or have opinionsthat are based on reason.智力；聪明智力；聪明intelligence quotient 智商智商an intelligence test 智力测验智力测验an intelligence agent 情报员情报员;谍报员谍报员intelligent adj.智能的；聪明
23、的智能的；聪明的an intelligent reader 理解力强的读者理解力强的读者an intelligent being 有智力的动物有智力的动物intelligent reply 巧妙的答复巧妙的答复He is an intelligent person.他是一位有才智的人。他是一位有才智的人。8.solvevt.解决；解答解决；解答1)I cant solve the problem.我解答不了这个难题。我解答不了这个难题。2)Help me to solve my financial troubles.请帮我解决经济困难请帮我解决经济困难.3)The greatest schol
24、ar cannot solve this difficult problem.再伟大的学者也没有再伟大的学者也没有办法解答这个难题吧。办法解答这个难题吧。9.fromon 从从时起时起From then on,the prince andprincess lived happily.从那时起，王子与公主就幸福地生从那时起，王子与公主就幸福地生活在一起活在一起。10.as a result 结果结果1)He didnt work hard,as a result he failed his exam.他不用功他不用功,结果考试不及格。结果考试不及格。2)Five hundred jobs wer
25、e axed as a result of government spending cuts.由于政府缩减经费的缘故由于政府缩减经费的缘故,有五百人被突有五百人被突然解雇了。然解雇了。3)He was late as a result of the snow.由于大雪他迟到了。由于大雪他迟到了。11.so that 如此如此以致于以致于与与 tooto 句型的相互转换句型的相互转换e.g.He is so old that he cant carry the box.He is too old to carry the box.此结构中的此结构中的that从句表示结果。从句表示结果。The s
26、tone is so heavy that no one can lift it.比较比较:so that 既能表结果，也能表目的。既能表结果，也能表目的。so.that.结构的结构的so+形容词形容词/副词位于句副词位于句 首时，句子用倒装结构。首时，句子用倒装结构。So hard does he work that he seldom goes home.12.explore vt.&vi.探索；探测；探究探索；探测；探究1)The experts are exploring every part of the island.专家们正在勘查这个岛的各个部分。专家们正在勘查这个岛的各个部分。
27、2)He had an itch to get away and explore.他等不及要动身去探险。他等不及要动身去探险。3)Can you explore the market possibility for us?您能为我们考察一下市场前景吗？您能为我们考察一下市场前景吗？13.anyhowadv.无论如何；即使如此；至少无论如何；即使如此；至少1)I couldnt think of the name of that man anyhow.我怎么也想不出那人的名字来了。我怎么也想不出那人的名字来了。2)Anyhow,you can try.至少你可以试试。至少你可以试试。3)Anyh
28、ow I must tell the truth.无论如何，我必须说出真相。无论如何，我必须说出真相。14.goal n.目标；目的；球门目标；目的；球门ones goal in life 生活的目标生活的目标a common goal 一个共同的目标一个共同的目标keep goal 守球门守球门win by two goals 以两球获胜以两球获胜He achieved his goal.他达到了他的目标。他达到了他的目标。He kicked a goal.他踢进一球。他踢进一球。15.human race 人类人类1)Is the human race threatened with co
29、mplete extinction?人类是否会受到完全灭绝的威胁呢？人类是否会受到完全灭绝的威胁呢？2)Everything you say seems to be pervaded with a mistrust of the human race.你说的一切似乎都渗透了对人类的不信任。你说的一切似乎都渗透了对人类的不信任。Difficult sentencesanalysisI am now truly filled with happiness that I am a devoted friend and helperof the human race!S.P.我现在充满了幸福感，成了人
30、类的好我现在充满了幸福感，成了人类的好朋友好帮手！朋友好帮手！同位语从句同位语从句O.Adv.The Present Perfect Passive VoiceGrammar现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去去,到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响。到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响。现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态Understanding the structure of the present perfect passive voiceThe structure of the present perfect passive voice is:have
31、/has beened1.主动语态即主语为动作的执行者；被主动语态即主语为动作的执行者；被2.动语态即主语为动作的承受者。现在动语态即主语为动作的承受者。现在完完3.成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，4.强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结结5.果，但主语为动作的承受者，表示果，但主语为动作的承受者，表示“6.已经被已经被”。7.The new school has been set up.新学校已经建成了。新学校已经建成了。2.现在完成时被动语态的肯定式为：现在完成时被动语态的肯定式为：have/has+been+doneThe
32、 experiment has been done successfully.这个实验做得很成功。这个实验做得很成功。现在完成时被动语态的否定式为：现在完成时被动语态的否定式为：have/has+not+been+doneToms novel has not been published.汤姆的小说还没有被出版。汤姆的小说还没有被出版。现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问句需将现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问句需将have/has提到主语的前面。提到主语的前面。Has his bike been repaired?他的自行车修好了吗？他的自行车修好了吗？现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问句为：现在完成时被动语态
33、的特殊疑问句为：疑问词疑问词+have/has+been+doneWho has been invited?谁受到了邀请？谁受到了邀请？现在完成时的被动语态表达以下两个现在完成时的被动语态表达以下两个概念：概念：1.说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。2.主语是行为动作的承受者。主语是行为动作的承受者。现在完成时的被动语态由现在完成时的被动语态由have/has beenv-ed构成，其中构成，其中v-ed为过去分词，为过去分词，表示被动。表示被动。I have been told about it many timesThe bridge has just b
34、een built在使用现在完成时的被动语态时要在使用现在完成时的被动语态时要注意以下两点：注意以下两点：1.过去分词前有两个助动词：过去分词前有两个助动词：have/has和和been。2.必须表示被动。必须表示被动。注意注意:1.副词的位置副词的位置2.often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副词置于等副词置于have/has和和been中间。中间。如如:误误 Such a man has been hardly believed.正正 Such a man has hardly been believed.2.并不是所有动词都有被动语态并不是所有
35、动词都有被动语态(1)happen,take place,break out,belong(2)to,cost,last等不及物动词或词组无等不及物动词或词组无被被(3)动语态。如：动语态。如：误误Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978.正正Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.(2)open,break,drop等不强调动作发出等不强调动作发出 者时常用主动语态。者时常用主动语态。3.短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词 或副词。
36、如：或副词。如：The patients have been taken good care of.4.一些特殊动词一些特殊动词,如如borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等构等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，意思，则需改换动词或时态。则需改换动词或时态。如：如：My brother has had(不能用不能用has bought)this bike for almost four years.How long ha
37、s this book been bought?How long ago was this book bought?(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定时态来决定be的形式的形式)。主动语态变被动语态的方法主动语态变被动语态的方法(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之之后作宾语后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。将主格改为宾格。All
38、 the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all the people.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.(4)双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一个宾语变为主语，个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。另一个保留不动。主动：主动：I have given him the key.被动：被动：He has been given the key.被动：被动：The key has been given(t
39、o)him.(5)带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时,只只能将宾语变为主语能将宾语变为主语,原来的宾补保留不动，原来的宾补保留不动，改称主语补足语。改称主语补足语。主动：主动：I have asked her to help you.被动：被动：She has been asked to help you.1.When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet.A.are not decided B.have not been decided C.is not being decided D.has not been
40、decided单选单选2.Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution,but the sky is still not clear.A.is used B.are used C.has been used D.have been used 3.All the preparations for the task _ and were ready to start.A.completed B.complete C.had been completed D.have been completed 4.Some new oilfields _
41、 since 1976.A.were opened up B.has opened up C.have been opened up D.had been opened up 5.The silence of the library _ only by the sound of pages being turned over.A.has been broken B.breaks C.broke D.was broken 6._ the sports meet might be put off.Yes,it all depends on the weather.A.Ive been told B
42、.Ive told C.Im told D.I toldTurn the following into the Passive Voice.1.We have planted some trees around the lake.2.My father has locked the door.3.Someone has turned off the light.Some trees have been planted around the lake.The light has been turned off.The door has been locked.4.They will hold t
43、he Olympic Games in London in the year 2012.5.They have rebuilt the bridge.The bridge has been rebuilt.The Olympic Games will be held in London inthe year 2012.(1)误误Many new buildings been built since 1980.正正Many new buildings have been built since 1980分析分析:谓语部分结构不全谓语部分结构不全,时态部分不完整。时态部分不完整。试分析：试分析：(
44、2)误误Something bad has been happened to him.正正Something bad has happened to him.分析分析:被动语态误用。被动语态误用。happen为不及物动为不及物动词，不及物动词没有被动语态。词，不及物动词没有被动语态。(3)误误I have introduced to Mr Smith 正正I have been introduced to Mr Smith(by Mr Wang).分析分析:introduce为及物动词，为及物动词，I是是introduce的承受者。的承受者。(4)误误The door has been ope
45、ned of itself.正正The door has opened of itself分析分析:有些动词如有些动词如open，break，drop等等既可以作及物动词，又可以作不及物动既可以作及物动词，又可以作不及物动词，若不强调谁是动作的发出者，我们词，若不强调谁是动作的发出者，我们通常用主动语态。通常用主动语态。of itself意思是意思是“自动自动地地”，因此，此句不可用被动语态。，因此，此句不可用被动语态。Put the Chinese into English to complete the sentences.1.You can see the house _ _(未油漆未油
46、漆)for years.2.How many workers _ (已派遣已派遣)to build the railway?3.Why does Mary look so unhappy?She _(被嘲笑被嘲笑)by her classmates.has not beenpaintedhave been senthas been laughed at4.It is said that the house _ _(闯进了闯进了)by two thieves.5._ his views _(受到批受到批 判判)by them?6.The two pens _ (未被拿走未被拿走)by him.7
47、.Where _ the television _ _(已经修理了已经修理了)?Havebeen criticizedhave not been taken awayhasbeenrepairedbroken intohas been8.The price of a color TV set _ _(降价了降价了)again.9.What _(已被已被 译成译成)into many foreign languages?been brought downhas has been translatedListen to the whole text and write down the main
48、idea in onesentence.Two students are talking about information technology.Listen to Part A and fill in the chartbelow.Then do the same with Part B.Part AWhat does IT include?What is the most popular form of IT?books,radio and TVbooksPart BWhich form of IT describes the skills of a sport bestWhich fo
49、rm of ITHas the most functions?computersTVListening textPart AD:Hi,Laura.Its good to see you because Im so bored.My homework is about Information Technology but I know everything there is to know about it.L=LauraD=DaveWHAT IS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY?L:Come off it,Dave.I think I might know more than y
50、ou.D:OK.Let me test you!Heres the first question.Whats information technology?L:Gosh,thats easy!Its computer,of course.D:Ah!Thats just where youre wrong.It includes books,radio and TV as well.L:Really!Well,I never.D:Question number 2.Which is the most popular form of IT in the world?L:Well,that must
