1、高二（上）高二（上）Unit 1Laughter is good for you Grammar and usageTo overview non-finite verbsTo master non-finite verbs used as the subject,the attributive,and the object complementTo learn the differences among to-infinitive,verb-ing and verb-ed非谓语动词非谓语动词过去分词过去分词不定式不定式-ing 形式形式动名词动名词现在分词现在分词Read and think
2、Read the points on Page 8,and think:1.Whats the difference when to infinitive and verb-ing used as the subject?2.How to judge which non-finite verbs to be used when they are used as the attributive?3.Tell the differences when they are used as object complement.Infinitive,verb-ing,verb-ed 1.不定式作主语不定式
3、作主语VS-ing形式作主语；形式作主语；2.不定式作定语不定式作定语VS-ing形式作定语形式作定语VS过去分词作定语；过去分词作定语；3.不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语VS-ing形式作宾形式作宾语补足语语补足语VS过去分词作宾语补足语；过去分词作宾语补足语；Notes不定式作主语与不定式作主语与-ing形式作主语区别：形式作主语区别：1.-ing形式作主语时往往表示形式作主语时往往表示一般性一般性 的、习惯性的动作的、习惯性的动作；而不定式作主；而不定式作主语则表示在具体情况下语则表示在具体情况下特定的或一特定的或一次性的动作次性的动作。但有时可以通用。但有时可以通用。eg.Lyi
4、ng is wrong.(泛指泛指lying的做法或作风的做法或作风)To lie is wrong.1.(说谎者是谁，说话人心中有所说谎者是谁，说话人心中有所指指)2.不定式和不定式和-ing形式作主语时都有两形式作主语时都有两 种形式：种形式：(1)放在主语位置放在主语位置 To see is to believe.Saying is easier than doing.(2)It作形式主语；在现代英语中，不定作形式主语；在现代英语中，不定 式作主语时更倾向于用式作主语时更倾向于用it作形式主作形式主 语；但在语；但在-ing形式作主语时，形式作主语时，it作形作形 式主语通常是用于某些形
5、容词或者式主语通常是用于某些形容词或者 名词后面。如：名词后面。如：-ing形式做真正主语用于：形式做真正主语用于：Its interesting/tiring/boring/nice/terrible/better/foolish/enjoyable/worth-while/useless/dangerous doing sth.Its no use/no good/a waste of time doing sth.不定式做真正主语用于：不定式做真正主语用于：Its important/necessary/possible/essentialto do sth.Its a pity/a p
6、leasure to do sth.3.-ing形式和不定式作主语时习惯用法：形式和不定式作主语时习惯用法：(1)主语与表语一致，即当表语是主语与表语一致，即当表语是-ing形形式时，主语也要用式时，主语也要用-ing形式；当表语是不形式；当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式。定式时，主语也要用不定式。eg.Teaching is learning.To teach is to learn.(2)在在“There be+no”这种结构中，通这种结构中，通常用常用-ing形式作主语。形式作主语。eg.There is no telling what will happen.非谓语动词作定语：非谓语
7、动词作定语：(1)不定式作定语不定式作定语要放在它所修饰的名要放在它所修饰的名词之后，表示一个将来的动作，即不词之后，表示一个将来的动作，即不定式的动作发生在谓语之后。也可用定式的动作发生在谓语之后。也可用来修饰来修饰have、there be、with之后的名之后的名词，表示词，表示“有有要要”或修饰或修饰“the+序序数词数词”。不定式作定语，被修饰的词。不定式作定语，被修饰的词是不定式动作发生的时间、地点、工是不定式动作发生的时间、地点、工具或对象时，要加上适当的介词。具或对象时，要加上适当的介词。1.When I handed the report to John,he said th
8、at George was the person _.A.to send B.for sending itC.to send it to D.for sending it to解析：解析：答案答案C。the person是是send it的对象可的对象可理解为理解为to send it to the person。2.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to choose.A.to be chosen B.to choose from C.to choose D.for choosing解析：解析：答案选答案选B。是。是“有五双可选择有五
9、双可选择”即即“从这五双中选择一双从这五双中选择一双”而不是而不是“选选择五双择五双”。3.Then there are always people to _ if you fell like a chat.A.talk to B.talk C.speak about D.speak解析：解析：答案选答案选A。people是是talk的对象，即的对象，即talk to people。(2)-ing形式作定语形式作定语时与它所修饰的名词时与它所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该名词的特有逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该名词的特点、性质等。作前置定语的点、性质等。作前置定语的-ing形式前形式前面可有状
10、语修饰，即转化为形容词，状面可有状语修饰，即转化为形容词，状语多用语多用very,rather等加强词，如：等加强词，如：This is a rather boring film.有时候也可换成定语从句：有时候也可换成定语从句：eg.Barking dogs seldom bit.=Dogs which barks seldom bit.The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smellingC.smelt D.to be smelt【
11、分析分析】答案选答案选B。“发出香味发出香味”与与“吸引游客吸引游客”是同时发生的，排除表是同时发生的，排除表示将来的不定式，即示将来的不定式，即A和和D；又因为；又因为the flowers与与smell(发出发出味味)是主动是主动关系，所以用现在分词短语作定语。关系，所以用现在分词短语作定语。The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A.having hung B.hangingC.hangs D.being hung【分析分析】答案选答案选B。hang作作“某物悬某物悬挂挂/吊在某处吊在某处”解，是不及物动词，解，是不及物动词，t
12、he picture与与hang是主动关系，用是主动关系，用hanging 作定语。作定语。The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _.A.20 dollars remained B.20 dollars to remainC.remained 20 dollars D.remaining 20 dollars【分析分析】答案选答案选D。remain 是不及是不及物动词，其过去分词无被动含义，物动词，其过去分词无被动含义，用用remaining(剩下的剩下的)作定语，修饰作定语，修饰20 dollars。rema
13、ining 20 dollars=20 dollars left。(3)过去分词作定语过去分词作定语：及物动词的过去：及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示一个被动的、已完分词作定语，表示一个被动的、已完成的动作；不及物动词的过去分词作成的动作；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示该动作已完成，不表示定语，只表示该动作已完成，不表示被动意义。单个过去分词作定语时大被动意义。单个过去分词作定语时大都放在被修饰的词语之前，过去分词都放在被修饰的词语之前，过去分词短语作定语时一般放在被修饰的词语短语作定语时一般放在被修饰的词语之后之后。过去分词作定语，意义上接近过去分词作定语，意义上接近一个定语从句一个定语从
14、句。The glass _ by my son has been swept away.A.breaks B.brokeC.broken D.being broken解析：正确答案为解析：正确答案为C。the glass和和break构成了被动关系，所以需要用过构成了被动关系，所以需要用过去分词来表示。此处也可以改成定语去分词来表示。此处也可以改成定语从句：从句：The glass which was broken by my son has been swept away.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Comp
15、any,_as 3M.A.knowing B.knownC.being known D.to be known解析：答案选解析：答案选B。因为。因为thecompany与与know是被动关系，所以用过去分词是被动关系，所以用过去分词短语作定语，短语作定语，known as 3M=which was known as 3M。非谓语动词作宾语补足语：非谓语动词作宾语补足语：在作宾语补足语时，不定式指在作宾语补足语时，不定式指将来发将来发生生的动作；的动作；-ing形式指形式指正在进行正在进行的动作；的动作；过去分词形式所表示的动作则带有过去分词形式所表示的动作则带有被被动动意味。一些习惯用法：意味
16、。一些习惯用法：(1)在感官动词在感官动词(feel,listen to,hear,see,look at,watch,notice 等等)和使役动词和使役动词(make,let,have)后，要用不带后，要用不带 to 的不的不定式作宾补。但在这些动词的被动式定式作宾补。但在这些动词的被动式后用作主语补足语的不定式要带后用作主语补足语的不定式要带 to。Eg.They knew her very well.They had seen her grow up from childhood.They knew her very well.She had been seen to grow up
17、from childhood.The boss made my grandfather work 10 hours a day.My grandfather was made to work for 10 hours a day.(2)在下列动词后用作宾语补足语的非在下列动词后用作宾语补足语的非谓语动词用不定式，即用于谓语动词用不定式，即用于 vt.+sb/sth+to do sth 的形式：的形式：advise,allow,ask,bear,beg,get cause,command,encourage,force expect,forbid,hate,intend,inviteleave,
18、mean,need,oblige,orderpermit,persuade,remind,teachtell,trouble,warn,wish(3)感觉动词感觉动词(see,hear,watch,observe,notice,feel,find,catch,look at,listen to等等)后接后接-ing形式作宾补表示动作正形式作宾补表示动作正在发生；接省略在发生；接省略to的不定式时，表示的不定式时，表示动作的全过程。如：动作的全过程。如：He saw someone knocking the window.他看见有人正敲窗子。他看见有人正敲窗子。He saw someone kn
19、ock the window.他看见有人敲窗子了。他看见有人敲窗子了。(4)过去分词作宾补，着重动作完成，过去分词作宾补，着重动作完成，表明动作的结果，它与宾语之间是表明动作的结果，它与宾语之间是被动的逻辑主谓关系。主要用于：被动的逻辑主谓关系。主要用于：A.表示感觉或心理状态的动词表示感觉或心理状态的动词(如如see,watch,find,observe,look at,hear,listen to,feel,notice,think等等)+sb/sth+V-ed结构中。结构中。eg.He found his hometown greatly changed.B.表示表示“致使致使”意义的动
20、词后。意义的动词后。如如:have,make,get,keep,leave等。等。eg.I had my bike repaired yesterday.C.“with+宾语宾语+过去分词过去分词”结构中，结构中，过去分词用作介词过去分词用作介词 with的宾语补足的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。方式、条件、原因等状语。eg.With the matter settled,we all went home.Soon they saw the boy _ in the crowd.A.disappear B.to disappearC
21、.disappears D.disappeared解析：正确答案为解析：正确答案为A。感官动词。感官动词see后加后加省略省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。同时，的不定式作宾语补足语。同时，the boy和和disappear是主谓关系，是主谓关系，disappear是短暂动词，不用于进行时是短暂动词，不用于进行时态，故选择态，故选择A。John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work _,he gladly accepted it.A.finished B.finishingC.Having finished D.was finish
22、ed解析：正确答案为解析：正确答案为A。the work和和finish构成了被动关系。构成了被动关系。finished作了作了with的宾语补足语。的宾语补足语。At any rate,I did not succeed in making myself _.A.understand B.understoodC.understanding D.to understand解析：正确答案为解析：正确答案为B。使役动词。使役动词make+sb+过去分词，意为：使某人被怎过去分词，意为：使某人被怎么样。这里指让别人理解我，即我被么样。这里指让别人理解我，即我被别人理解。别人理解。Reflection
23、 timeIn this class,weve overviewed non-finite verbs.Now can you tell some differences when they are used as the subject,the attributive,and the object complement in a sentence?1.Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV;there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes.A.
24、to form B.formC.forming D.having formedI:Multiple choice.2.After she realized the height,she got a tall box _.A.to stand B.to stand on C.standing on D.to stand up3.The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time.A.to be completed B.having been completed C.completed D.be
25、ing completed 4.Five people won the“Chinas Green Figure”award,a title _ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.A.being given B.is given C.given D.was given 5.The thief took away the womans wallet without _.A.being seen B.seeing C.him seeing D.seeing him6.He is very bu
26、sy _ his papers.He is far too busy _ callers.A.to write;to receive B.writing;to receive C.writing;receiving D.to write;for receiving7.The repairs cost a lot,but its money well _.A.to spend B.spent C.being spent D.spending 8.Is _ necessary to complete the design before National Day?A.this B.that C.it
27、 D.he9.The chair looks rather hard,but in fact it is very comfortable _.A.sitting on B.to sit on C.to be seat D.to be sat on10.The food _ at the moment is for the dinner party.A.cooked B.to be cooked C.is being cooked D.being cooked11._ all over the hill and around the lake are wild flowers of diffe
28、rent kinds.A.To grow B.Growing C.Grown D.Grow12.I could feel the wind _on my face from an open window.A.to blow B.blowing C.to be blowing D.blown 13.What terrible weather!I simply cant get the car _.Why not try _ the engine with some hot water?A.starting;filling B.start;filling C.started;to fill D.t
29、o start;fill 14.Nobody enjoys having a tooth _.A.drill(钻钻)and fill B.drilling and filling C.to drill and fill D.drilled and filled15.The result of the entrance exams was not made _ to the public until last Thursday.A.knowing B.known C.to know D.to be knownII:根据汉语意思翻译下列句子。根据汉语意思翻译下列句子。1.读书是一种艺术。读书是一种
30、艺术。_ is an art.2.覆水难收。覆水难收。It is no use _(cry)over spilt milk.3.劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。It is a waste of time _ such a person to join us.4.粗心不是一个好习惯。粗心不是一个好习惯。_ _ is not a good habit.Reading cryingpersuadingBeing careless5.我今天有好多工作要做。我今天有好多工作要做。I have a lot of work _ _ today.6.他明天想去检查眼睛。他明天想去检
31、查眼睛。He wants to have his eyes _ tomorrow.7.他已经安排了一辆汽车去车站接他们。他已经安排了一辆汽车去车站接他们。He has arranged for a car _ _ them up at the station.8.这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。The father wants his daughter _ the piano.to doexaminedto picktaughtHomework 1.Do the exercises A and B on Page 9.2.Do the exercises C1 and C2 on Page 98 in your workbook.Answers (P9)A(1)laughing (2)to understand(3)participating (4)produced(5)Enjoying (6)readingB(1)to do (2)performing(3)to write (4)Practising(5)(being)told (6)thinking/to think
