1、高考英语总复习四选一阅读高分突破技巧大全高考英语四选一阅读重点突破-理解文中具体信息理解文中具体信息考点2：需要对文中两个或多个信息点进行归纳概括的，我们称之为归纳概括题。正确选项是对文中信息进行了同义转换，我们称之为语意转换题。需要对文中提供的数字进行简单计算才可得出答案的，我们称之为数字计算题。不论哪类细节题，我们在弄清题目所问之后，第一步，在题干中选定定位词(如专有名词、数字、缩略词，以及能体现问题中心的名词或动词等)；第二步，用选定的定位词(一般用1或2个)去文中寻找答题信息句，即信息定位；第三步，仔细阅读找到的信息句及其上下句，将信息句与各选项比较，选出正确答案。即“一定二找三比较”
2、。直接信息典型例题 2020年全国卷21Need a Job This Summer?The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs Summer Company Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to 3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is el
3、igible:Students aged 1529,returning to school in the fall.What is special about Summer Company?A.It requires no training before employment.B.It provides awards for running new businesses.C.It allows one to work in the natural environment.D.It offers more summer job opportunities.点拨：由题干中的Summer Compa
4、ny可定位到第二段；由本段中的“Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to 3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.”可知，Summer Company为学生提供实操商业培训和高达3000美元的奖励来开办和经营他们自己的暑期业务。故选B项。对点练习1.(2020年全国卷22)My Favourite Books Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author
5、of the This Book Will series(系列)of lifestyle books.Here she picks her top reads.Matilda I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahls writing After Dark Its about two sistersEri,a model who either wont or cant stop sleeping,and Mari,a young student.In trying to connect to her s
6、ister,Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse“night people”who are hiding secrets.Gone Girl There was a bit of me that didnt want to love this The Stand This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around题干 Which of the following tells about Mari and Er
7、i?A.Cosmopolitan.B.Matilda.C.After Dark.D.The Stand.C 由题干中的 Mari和Eri可定位到After Dark，由After Dark中第一句“Its about two sistersEri,a model who either wont or cant stop sleeping,and Mari,a young student.”可知，After Dark讲的是两姐妹一个永远睡不醒的模特Eri和一个年轻学生Mari的故事。故选C项。2.(2020年全国卷22)OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS The Audience Hel
8、en Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan,about Queen Elizabeth II of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years.Stephen Daldry directs.Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey.Previews begin Feb.14.(Schoenfeld,236 W.45th St.212-239-6200.)Who is the d
9、irector of The Audience?A.Helen Mirren.B.Peter Morgan.C.Dylan Baker.D.Stephen Daldry.D 由题干中的The Audience可定位到The Audience，由该部分的第二句“Stephen Daldry directs.”可知，这部戏剧是Stephen Daldry导演的。故选D项。3.(2019年全国卷23)Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours(7 miles)Join a small group bike tour
10、for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington,D.C.Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall.Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history.Tour includes bike,helmet,and bottled water.All
11、riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?A.City maps.B.Cameras.C.Meals.D.Safety lights.D 由题干中的night可定位到Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour这条线路。本题问的是夜间单车旅行会提供下列哪一项。选项City maps,Cameras和Meals在文中均未出现，属无中生有，排除选项A,
12、B和C。在最后一句中找到safety lights，故选D项。4.(2019年全国卷21)Welcome to Holker Hall&GardensVisitor InformationHow to Get to Holker By Car:Follow brown signs on A590 from J36,M6.Approximate travel times:Windermere20 minutes,Kendal25 minutes,Lancaster45 minutes,Manchester1 hour 30 minutes.By Rail:The nearest station
13、is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth,Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities&airports.How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester?A.20 minutes.B.25 minutes.C.45 minutes.D.90 minutes.D 由题干中的drive和Manchester定位到文章开头How to Get to Holker的By Car部分的最后Man
14、chester1 hour 30 minutes，由此可知，开车从Manchester到Holker，需1小时30分，也就是90分钟。故选D项。5.(2018年全国卷21)Pacific Science Center GuideVisit Pacific Science Centers Store Dont forget to stop by Pacific Science Centers Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit.The
15、 store is located(位于)upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.Where can you buy a souvenir at Science Center?A.In Building 1.B.In Building 3.C.At the last Dome.D.At the Denny Way entrance.B 由题干中的buy和where可定位到Visit Pacific Science Centers Store部分的最后一句“The store is located(位于)upstairs in Bu
16、ilding 3”，故选B项。Hungry？Our exhibits will feed your mindRental InformationLockers are available to store any belongings Support Pacific Science CenterSince 1962 Pacific Science Center 语意转换典型例题2020年全国卷29 As data and identity theft becomes more and more common,the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)te
17、chnologies like fingerprint scansto keep others out of private e-spaces.At present,these technologies are still expensive,though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem:a smart keyboard.This smart keyboard precisely measures th
18、e cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses.These patterns are unique to each person.Thus,the keyboard can determine peoples iden
19、tities,and by extension,whether they should be given access to the computer its connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right.C.Typing patterns vary from person to person.同义What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?A.Computers are much easier to operate.B.Fingerprin
20、t scanning techniques develop fast.C.Typing patterns vary from person to person.D.Data security measures are guaranteed.点拨：由第二段最后两句“These patterns are unique to each person.Thus,the keyboard can determine peoples identities”可知，每个人的打字模式都是独一无二的，因此智能键盘能够识别人们的身份，这使得智能键盘的发明成为可能。比较各选项，C选项vary from person
21、to person与文中are unique to each person同义，故选C项。对点练习 1.(2019年全国卷25)Many of us love July because its the month when natures berries and stone fruits are in abundance.These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbias fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries,stra
22、wberries are highest in vitamin C When combined with berries or slices of other fruits,frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick,cooling fruit shakes and low fat“ice cream”.For this purpose,select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter.Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bana
23、nas?A.To make them smell better.B.To keep their colour.C.To speed up their ripening.D.To improve their nutrition.Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze.If you like,a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.Frozen bananas will last
24、several weeks,depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.prevent them turningbrown同义点拨：B由题干中的lemon juice可定位到第三段倒数第二句“If you like,a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.”，比较各选项，B选项keep their colour(使其保持不变色)与文中prevent them turning brown(阻止它们变成
25、褐色)同义，故选B项。2.(2019年全国卷31)Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers According to the reports key findings The report data shows that When it comes to technology and reading The most hopeful data shared in the report show
26、s clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently,compared to infrequent readers,have more books in the home,more books purchased for them,parents who read more often,and parents who set
27、aside time for them to read.How should parents encourage their children to read more?A.Act as role models for them.B.Ask them to write book reports.C.Set up reading groups for them.D.Talk with their reading class teachers.同义A 由题干中的parents和read more，以及命题的顺序性原则，可定位到第六段。第一句“说到阅读，报告中的数据清楚地表明，父母是孩子的榜样和向导
28、。”比较各选项，A选项act as role models for them与文中serving as examples for their kids同义，只是转换了说法，serve as换成act as,examples换成role models。3.(2019年全国卷33)Weve all been there:in a liftstruggling with the uncomfortable silence.Whats the problem?Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy,but we cant forget that dee
29、p relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent for casual conversation.Small talk is the grease(润滑剂)for social communication,says Bernardo Carducci,director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast.“Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small
30、talk,”he explains.“The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others,not just communicate with them.”What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A.Showing good manners.B.Relating to other people.C.Focusing on a topic.D.Making business deals.同义B 由题干中的succes
31、sful small talk和Carducci可定位到第三段最后一句“The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others,not just communicate with them.(成功闲谈的关键是与他人建立联系，而不仅仅是交流。)”。比较各选项，B选项relate to other people 与文中connect with others同义，故选B项。4.(2019年全国卷34)Yesterday,I sat with my son,Shepherd,determined to test m
32、y own theory on this.I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest.I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes,ten minutes,max.I chose a red rubber ballsimple,universally available.Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd?A.T
33、o try out an idea.B.To show a parents love.C.To train his attention.D.To help him start a hobby.同义A 由题干中的Shepherd定位到第三段第四句“Yesterday,I sat with my son,Shepherd,determined to test my own theory on this.”，后文描述了作者与其儿子玩球的过程。对比各选项，A项to try out an idea与文中to test my own theory同义，故选A项。选项B“表达父母的爱”、选项D“帮助他开始一
34、个爱好”在文中无信息支持，是无中生有；选项C“训练他的注意力”是利用文中的只言片语attention编造的选项，张冠李戴。5.(2019年全国卷21)Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.Duration:3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington,D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson
35、about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom.Reserve your spot before availabilityand the cherry blossomsdisappear!Which tour do you need to book in advance?A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.B.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,
36、D.C.D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.同义词A 由拟题顺序性原则可知在前面段落，又由题干中的book in advance，找到第一条线路的最后一句“Reserve your spot before availabilitydisappear（趁还能买到门票时赶紧预订）”，两者意思相同，只是同义替换，转换说法而已。其中，reserve与book是同义词，均为“预订”之意。故选A项。数字计算典型例题2019年全国卷30 At present,the world has about 6,800 languages.The medi
37、an number(中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000,which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A.About 6,800.B.About 3,400.C.About 2,400.D.About 1,200.目前共有大约6800种语言，不到6千人讲的语言只有6800的一半，即3400种，故选B项。点拨：本题问“少于6
38、千人讲的语言，目前有多少种？”由第一句可知世界上目前共有大约6800种语言，又由最后一句“世界语言的一半，不到6千人讲”，由此可知，不到6千人讲的语言只有6800的一半，即3400种，故选B项。对点练习1.(2019年全国卷25).however,the rewards were worth the difficult trip.Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold,4,000 got rich.About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.What do we k
39、now about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?A.Two-thirds of them stayed there.B.One out of five people got rich.C.Almost everyone gave up.D.Half of them died.两万人中，四千人发财了，五分之一的人发财了。故选B项。1.B 由题干中dug for gold定位到第二段倒数第二句“Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold,4000 got rich.（在第一批挖金子的两万人中，四千人发财了
40、。）”，据此计算可知，是五分之一的人发财了。故选B项。Every winter in Jukkasjarvi,Prices:starting at318 one night for each person for either a cold room or a warm one.Propeller Island Propeller Island City Lodge is Prices:starting at just91 a night,and an additional person for only 20 extra dollars.简单运算：9120111；故选A项2.(2010年全国
41、卷55)The Ice Hotel For two persons spending a night in one of these hotels,they have to pay at least _.A.111B.182 C.600D.636A 由题干中的pay可知是问有关钱的问题，并记住关键信息at least和two persons。由pay可定位到三家酒店的Prices 部分。浏览三个酒店的Prices，分别是300，318和91，可知最便宜是91，根据“starting at just 91 a night,and an additional person for only 20
42、extra dollars”进行简单运算：91+20=111，可知选A项。关键词 3.(2008年全国大纲卷49)For example,some might say,“I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery(彩票).It was great.I took that dollar ticket back to the store and turned it in for one hundred dollars!”This guys a winner,right?Maybe,maybe not.We then discover that he bo
43、ught 200 worth of tickets,and only one was a winner.Hes really a big loser!How much did the lottery winner lose?A.One hundred dollars.B.Two hundred dollars.C.Three hundred dollars.D.Four hundred dollars.3.A 由题干中的lottery可定位到“I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery”及其附近。由“I just won a hundred doll
44、ars”和“he bought 200 worth of tickets”可知，买了200元彩票中了100元，实际损失100元。故选A项。归纳概括典型例题2020年全国卷31 Before the 1830s,most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in AmericaThe trend,then,was toward the“penny paper”a term referring to papers made widely available to the public This development did not
45、take place overnight.It had been possible(but not easy)to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830But the phrase“penny paper”caught the publics fancy,and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.This new trend of newspapers for“the man on the street”did not begin well.Some
46、 of the early ventures(企业)were immediate failures.Publishers already in business,people who were owners of successful papers,had little desire to change the tradition.It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.What can we say about the birth of the penny paper?A.It was a d
47、ifficult process.B.It was a temporary success.C.It was a robbery of the poor.D.It was a disaster for printers.点拨：由题干中的penny paper可定位到第三、四段。第三、四段主要讲的是“便士报”的发展历程。由“This development did not take place overnight.”“This new trend of newspapers for the man on the street did not begin well.”“Some of the ea
48、rly ventures(企业)were immediate failures.”等语句可看出，“便士报”的发展是一个困难而曲折的过程，故选A。对点练习1.(2019年全国卷29)many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.Their efforts have been proven fruitful.Wang Shu,a 49-year-old Chinese architect,won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize Wang
49、 serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art(CAA).His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园)of the university in Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province.Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chines
50、e universities.Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types.The curves(曲线)of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills,forming a unique view.What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?A.Its hilly environment.B.Its large size.C.
