1、Courseware 14 for Postgraduate Entrance Examination考研英语大作文考研英语大作文Huanggang Normal University Liu ShenghuaLiu Shenghua考研英语大作文考研英语大作文lPractice Makes Perfect!Chapter 14LiuShenghuaSchool of Foreign StudiesHuanggang Normal UniversitySeptember,2012Liu Shenghua大纲解读大纲解读LiuShenghuaSchool of Foreign StudiesHu
2、anggang Normal UniversitySeptember,2012Liu Shenghua一、大纲解读：一、大纲解读：l（一）评价目标：（一）评价目标：l考生应能写一般描述性、叙述性描述性、叙述性和说明或议论性和说明或议论性的文章。短文写作时，考生应能：l做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当；l遵循文章的特定文体格式；l合理组织文章结构文章结构，使其内内容统一、连贯容统一、连贯；l根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当使用语域。Liu Shenghua（二）考试内容：（二）考试内容：lB节：要求考生根据提示信息写出一篇160200词词高质量的议论文（标点符号不计算在内）。提示信息的形式有主题句
3、、写作提纲、规主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表定情景、图、表等。近几年来则集中体现为灵活多变、隐含寓意的图示、漫画作文和具有学术分析特点的图表作文。这要求考生要精确设置构架，内容、例子紧扣主题，并且严谨地遣词造句。考生在答题卡2上作答。满分20分分。Liu Shenghua（三）评分原则和方法：（三）评分原则和方法：l1、虽然A、B两节的考查要点有所不同，但对考生写作能力的基本要求是相同的，所以一般评分标准对两节都适用。但根据两节的不同考查要点，评分是会有不同的侧重点。lB节节lB节作文的评分重点在于内容内容的完整性的完整性、文章的连贯组织文章的连贯组织性性、语法结构和词汇的多样语法结构和词
4、汇的多样性性及语言的准确性语言的准确性。Liu Shenghual2、评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来给分。评分人员在档内有13分的调节分。l3、B节作文的字数要求是160200词。文章长度不符合要求的，酌情扣分。l4、拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时，视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。l5、如书写较差，以致影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。Liu Shenghua有图作文思路（1）写作三段论）写作三段论lIntroduction图画描述段，引言段，起始段lBody主体/拓展段,意义阐释段l 【消极寓意类消极寓意类 积极寓意类
5、积极寓意类】lConclusion结论段，建议措施段Liu Shenghua（2）三段安排）三段安排等边六边形结构 三段论首段首段3-4句句中间段中间段5-6句句尾段尾段3-4句句Liu Shenghua图画描述段的写法图画描述段的写法三至四句(50-55词)：1.General description：总体描述 寻找出图画的中心事物，确定中心事物 的位置，从动作和状态两方面来描述画面中的中心事物；2.Details：挖掘细节词，联结成句 寻找中心事物周围相关的事物，并进行简单的描述(细节描述）3.Caption：文字说明 若图画下方有 caption，可将其翻译为英语10Liu Shengh
6、ua描述段写法描述段写法LiuShenghuaSchool of Foreign StudiesHuanggang Normal UniversitySeptember,2012Liu Shenghua范例范例确定关键词：确定关键词：l中心中心l火锅火锅 hot potl细节细节l文化元素文化元素lcultural elements/ingredients/termsl文化名人文化名人lcultural celebrityLiu Shenghua提示语的翻译提示语的翻译l文化“火锅”，既美味又营养lThe caption reads,“Cultural hot pot,both delicio
7、us and nutritious”lLine of text below the picture reads,“Cultural hot pot,both delicious and nutritious”Liu Shenghua连词成句连词成句宏观概述宏观概述+细节描述细节描述 一个大大的火锅，火锅里有很多东西方文化一个大大的火锅，火锅里有很多东西方文化元素的名字，比如：莎士比亚、孔子、京剧、元素的名字，比如：莎士比亚、孔子、京剧、天鹅湖等。天鹅湖等。There is a hot pot in the picture.In the hot pot we can see many cultu
8、ral terms,such as.Liu Shenghua改善表达改善表达lIn the picture stands a hot pot,which contains/containing/in which we can see a variety of/various cultural terms/ingredients/elements of both western and eastern background,such as Shakespeare,Confucius,Beijing Opera,Swan Lake and so on.Liu Shenghua段落合成段落合成（宏观
9、概述宏观概述）In the picture above is/stands a large hot pot,（细节描述细节描述)which contains a variety of/various cultural terms/ingredients/elements of both western and eastern background,such as Shakespeare,Confucius,Beijing Opera,Swan Lake and so on.（提示语翻译提示语翻译）The caption reads,“Cultural hot pot,both deliciou
10、s and nutritious”（结尾套话结尾套话）By carefully examining this picture,we find a deeper social message is transmitted to us.Liu Shenghua练习练习 l确定关键词：确定关键词：l中心中心l残疾人残疾人ldisabled/handicapped menl相互搀扶相互搀扶lhelp/support each other with firm handsl向前奔跑向前奔跑lrunning/walking/striding forwardl细节细节l扔下拐杖扔下拐杖lcrutches le
11、ft behindl两腿绑在一起两腿绑在一起llegs bound togetherLiu Shenghualegs bound togethercrutches left behindcaptionrunning/walking/striding forwardLiu Shenghua连词成句连词成句宏观概述宏观概述+细节描述细节描述l 两个残疾青年，抛开拐杖，两腿绑在一起，相互搀扶正在向前奔跑。l Two disabled young men,with crutches left behind and legs bound together,are supporting each othe
12、r with their firm hands and running forward on the ground.l Two handicapped young men are striding forward on the ground.Crutches left behind and legs bound together,they are supporting each other with their firm hands.Liu Shenghua提示语的翻译提示语的翻译l你一条腿 我一条腿 你我一起 走南闯北lThe caption indicates that they can
13、travel north and south extensively with combined legs.lThe caption reads,“You have only/merely one leg and so do I.Helping each other,we can travel all around”Liu Shenghua合成语段合成语段l（宏观概述宏观概述）As is vividly depicted in the picture,there are two disabled/handicapped young men running/walking/striding fo
14、rward(现在分词伴随状语)on the ground/in the fields.（细节描述细节描述）Legs bound together and crutches left behind,they are supporting each other with their firm hands.（提示语翻译提示语翻译）“You have only/merely one leg and so do I.Helping each other,we can travel all around”,the caption reads.（结尾套话结尾套话）By carefully examining
15、 this picture,we find a deeper social message is transmitted to us.Liu Shenghua描述段写法总结：描述段写法总结：l第1句：宏观概括(图画最直观信息，中心事物)l第2-3句：细节描述（中心事物周围相关的事物）l第4句：提示语翻译l第5句：结尾套话Liu ShenghuaMore examples:l1.如图所示，在椅子上有一个年轻人，希望理发师把自己的头发理成贝克汉姆的样子。lAs is vividly drawn in the picture,in the chair sits a young man,having
16、his hair cut as cool as David Beckham.Liu Shenghua倒装倒装非谓语动词非谓语动词/非限定非限定性定语从句性定语从句WithWith结构结构 (改）As is vividly shown in the photo,in the sunshine stands a pretty American girl,(who is)in traditional Chinese costume,wearing necklace and its like,with a sweet smile on her face.2.初写：There is a pretty A
17、merican girl in the picture.The girl is in Chinese traditional costume and wears necklace.She is smiling happily.Liu Shenghual3.如图所示，黑暗中有一盏小小的油灯，它向周围散发着光亮。lAs is shown in the cartoon,in the darkness happily stands a candle.It spreads brightness around itself.lAs is shown in the cartoon,in the darkne
18、ss happily stands a candle,spreading brightness around itself.Liu Shenghual4.As is shown in the cartoon,on the playground runs a young man,rushing to the final,which is defined as another start one.Liu Shenghual5.（2009）As is illustrated in the cartoon,1 each(every)person sits in their own work room.
19、In front of them is a computer.Everyone looks at the screen carefully,and communicates with their colleagues through the net instead of talking face to face.Their work places are placed like a net.2 And below the cartoon,there is a topic which says:the near and far among the Internet.3 Liu Shenghua描
20、述段写作套路与表达描述段写作套路与表达(宏观概括)As is vividly depicted/portrayed in the picture,中心事物动作或状态+(细节描述)with/ing/ed/which/who+(提示语翻译)The caption indicates that/reads：“”+(结尾套话)By carefully examining this picture,we find a deeper social message is transmitted to us.Liu Shenghua第一段常用首句写法第一段常用首句写法l1.The picture/drawin
21、g/cartoon/above vividly/interestingly/humorously describe+名词名词l这幅图生动地这幅图生动地/有有l2.Indicated above is a picture that portrays+名词名词l如图所示，如图所示，上面的图画描述了。趣地上面的图画描述了。趣地/幽默地描幽默地描述了。述了。l3.As is shown/depicted in the above picture,l如图所示（后接完整单独句子描写图画）如图所示（后接完整单独句子描写图画）。l4.There are,according to this vivid pict
22、ure,a young boy Liu Shenghua第一段常用末句写法第一段常用末句写法l1.But is this what the author means to tell us?Certainly not.l但是这真是作者想要告诉我们的吗？当然不是了但是这真是作者想要告诉我们的吗？当然不是了。l2.Funny(Simple)as the picture is,the symbolic meaning is as deep as ocean.l尽管图画很有趣（简单），图画的含义确如大海尽管图画很有趣（简单），图画的含义确如大海一样深。一样深。l3.The authors real pu
23、rpose is not the fact itself,but to lead us to find what hides behind the iceberg.l作者的真实目的不是图画本身，作者的真实目的不是图画本身，而是要引导我们而是要引导我们去探求在图画背后究竟隐藏着什么去探求在图画背后究竟隐藏着什么。Liu ShenghuaExercisel以上的照片生动地显示出来，相貌英俊的英国足球巨星贝克汉姆在年轻人中广受欢迎。在 第一张照片中，贝克汉姆的名字出现在一个年轻人的额头上，文字表明：对偶像的崇拜写在了脸上。在第二张照片中，这个年轻人正在理发店中做贝克汉姆的时髦发 型。我们得到的信息是
24、他正花300元来模仿偶像的发式(2006年）Liu ShenghuaExercise As is vividly depicted in the photos above,Beckham,the handsome British football superstar,is enjoying a striking popularity among young people.In the first photo,Beckhams name appears on a young mans face.The caption indicates that worship for the idol is
25、written on the face.In the second photo,this young man is doing Beckhams chic hairstyle in a barbershop.We are informed that he is spending 300 yuan imitating his idols hairdo.Liu Shenghua 正如图画形象地描绘，一个男人和女人，可能是一对情人，在游览的小船上享乐，并把各种各样的垃圾扔进湖里，如：鱼骨、套餐、塑料袋等。图画下写着说明文字：“旅途之余”。(2011年）As is vividly sketched o
26、ut in the drawing,a man and a woman,probably a couple,are enjoying themselves in a sightseeing boat,throwing various rubbish into the lake,such as fish bones,food containers,and plastic bags.Written below the picture is the caption:“The leftovers of the Journey”.Liu Shenghua（二）图画作文写作（二）图画作文写作l考研论说文考
27、研论说文l1.框架结构：框架结构：l第一段：图画描述，第一段：图画描述，3句句l总体描述：人物总体描述：人物/动物动物/事物动作事物动作/服装环境服装环境/表情，表情，1句句l挖掘细节词、串连成句：挖掘细节词、串连成句：12句句l文字说明文字说明/象征寓意：象征寓意：1句句Liu Shenghual第二段：意义阐释，第二段：意义阐释，5句句l主题句：象征寓意，1句l论证：3句l基础一般的同学：基础一般的同学：讲原因：讲故事：联系现实：图画作文创作原则（以小见大，把握象征寓意，个体想为群体，具体想为抽象）l小结：1句l第二段：意义阐释，第二段：意义阐释，5句句l主题句：象征寓意，1句l论证：3句
28、l基础较好的同学：基础较好的同学：五大角度：背景、事实、反方观点、原因、后果六种手段：因果、分类、定义解释、统计事实、举例、正反论证l小结：1句Liu Shenghual第三段：建议措施，第三段：建议措施，4句句l结论句：1句l针对双方提建议：2句l包装结尾、展望未来：1句Liu Shenghua2.启承转合：启承转合：l启：启动观点、开篇点题l承：观点承接、正面论证lFirst(ly)l In the first placel First and foremostl Above alll On the one handlFor one thing,lSecond(ly)l In the se
29、cond placel BesideslIn additionlWhat is morel Furthermorel MoreoverlOn the other handl For anotherlThird(ly)l(The)Last but not(the)leastlMore importantlyl Even worseLiu Shenghual转：观点转折、反面论证lConverselyl Neverthelessl Unfortunatelyl WhereaslYetl Insteadl In/By comparison/contrast,On the contraryl合：文章结
30、尾、合并归纳lAs a result/consequencel Consequentlyl AccordinglylThusl Hencel Generally/Briefly speaking Liu Shenghual3.图画作文范文图画作文范文1.2003 Directions:Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay about 200 words based on the followingdescribe the set of drawings and interpret its meaningpoint o
31、ut its implications in our life.Liu Shenghual范文范文：l【第一段】lThe set of drawings above vividly depicts the destiny of a flower in different circumstances.As is shown in the first cartoon,the flower is placed in a comfortable greenhouse which shelters it from the threatening lightening and storm.With pro
32、per temperature,moisture and fertilizer,the flower is growing in full bloom.On the contrary,when removed from the greenhouse and exposed to the driving rain,the flower soon fades and withers,with the petals cast about on the grounds.Liu Shenghual【第二段】lTo begin with,the purpose of the drawings is to
33、show us that the flower growing in the green house cannot withstand the test of the storm,yet the symbolic meanings subtly conveyed should be taken more seriously.The delicate flower is naturally associated with young people,to be specific,the only children in our current society;the greenhouse epit
34、omizes parents doting care and abundant material supplies that can shield the children from the storms,or the harsh reality.Once the young people begin to seek independence and accept challenges from the real world,they are found too spoiled to be strong enough in the face of difficulties.Liu Shengh
35、ual【第三段】lAccordingly,it is vital for us to derive positive implications from these thought-provoking drawings.On the one hand,we can frequently use them to enlighten the youth to be more independent in life.On the other hand,parents should be sensible enough to give their children more freedom to de
36、al with troubles and problems.Only by undergoing more challenges and toils in adversity can young people cultivate strong personality and ability,and only in this way can they become winners in this competitive world.Liu Shenghua2.【2006】Directions:Study the following photos carefully and write an es
37、say in which you should describe the photos briefly;interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them,give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)图一：把崇拜写在脸上。图一：把崇拜写在脸上。图二：花图二：花300元做个元做个小贝小贝头。头。注：注：Beckham（贝克汉姆）：英国足球明星。（贝克汉姆）：英国足球明星。Liu Shenghua The phot
38、os vividly depict that nowadays many people,especially,young fellows are tracing such fashion.The first one signed the name of Beckham on his left face,while the second one asked the hairdresser to copy the hair style of Beckham with about 300 yuan.Both of them are typical fans of the well-known Bri
39、tish football playerBeckham.【18分样文分样文】Liu ShenghualThis kind of social phenomenon is not entirely a coincidence.There are reasons accounting for this fashion.Firstly,with the rapid development of society,some people feel dull and desperate about the reality,so they desire to find some famous people
40、as their idols.In the way,they feel satisfied with their life and have a goal to achieve.Secondly,just opposite to the above,others are just fashion tracers.They barely want to show that they are keeping step with the fashion.Thirdly,some people even dont have any special purpose but to do it as oth
41、ers.In their deep heart,they dont treat it as fashion but as fun.Liu ShenghualFrankly speaking,this social phenomenon is very dangerous to the whole society.Some young men spend most of their time decorating themselves as their idols.As a result,they dont have enough time to study or work,then they
42、are always left behind.Moreover,it is harmful to the establishment of a harmonious society.lTo draw a conclusion,we dont deny that people should have their idols to admire,but in a sensible way.They can learn from what they have achieved and try to behave that way.And also parents should give proper
43、 advice to their children to form a proper outlook of the world.Liu Shenghua图画作文出题特征图画作文出题特征l图片描述-概述图片的表面信息；l图片寓意-图片作者通过图片欲揭示的深层次寓意，分析原因或根源；l评论、建议或感想-根据图片寓意畅谈感想，作出评论或提出建议，为或得高分，考生通常需结合本人的看法和观点。Liu Shenghua语段写作拔高思路语段写作拔高思路LiuShenghuaSchool of Foreign StudiesHuanggang Normal UniversitySeptember,2012Li
44、u ShenghuaLin Chi-ling was born in 1974.Lin Chi-ling is 1.75 m.Lin Chi-ling is a supermodel in Taiwan.Lin Chi-ling was selected as“Taiwans Beauty”in 2003.Lin Chi-ling replaced Stephanie.小句表达：小句表达：Liu Shenghua提升后的句子：提升后的句子：Born in 1974 and with a height of 1.75m,Lin Chi-ling,a supermodel in Taiwan,wa
45、s selected to replace Stephanie as“Taiwans Beauty”in 2003.Liu ShenghuaBorn in 1974 and with a height of 1.75m,伴随状语伴随状语 介词短语介词短语Lin Chi-ling,a supermodel in Taiwan,同位语同位语was selectedto replace Stephanie 不定式不定式as“Taiwans Beauty”in 2003.时间状语时间状语分析：分析：Liu Shenghua语段提升之语段提升之 描写篇描写篇l1）“弱智化思考，高起弱智化思考，高起点表达
46、点表达”lno missing informationl“1900年海里有很多很多的鱼，而海面上只有很少很少的捕鱼船。然而，到了1995年，海面上的捕鱼船越来越多，黑压压的一片，海里的鱼则变得越来越少，几乎快要灭绝”Liu Shenghual弱智化思考弱智化思考lno missing informationl“1900年海里有很多很多的鱼，而海面上只有很少很少的捕鱼船。然而，到了1995年，海面上的捕鱼船越来越多，黑压压的一片，海里的鱼则变得越来越少，几乎快要灭绝”lIn 1990,there were different kinds of fishes in the sea and ther
47、e are only a few fishing-boats on the sea.However,in 1995,fishing-boats were becoming more and more while the fishes in the sea are becoming fewer and fewer,even will die out.Liu Shenghual高起点替换词：高起点替换词：l很多很多：a great many,a large quantity of,a multitude of,plenty of,a host of,an array of,a wealth ofl
48、各种各样的：a wide variety of,various,numerous,manifoldl高起点：In 1990,the sea abounded in fish with a few fishing boats floating on the surface.By contrast,with the elapse of time,commercial fishing has been thriving and fishing boats are encroaching upon the sea.As a result,the number of fishes has been dw
49、indling dramatically.Liu Shenghual【低层次】lIn 1990,there were different kinds of fishes in the sea and there are only a few fishing-boats on the sea.However,in 1995,fishing-boats were becoming more and more while the fishes in the sea are becoming fewer and fewer,even will die out.l【更高层次】lIn 1990,the s
50、ea abounded in fish with a few fishing boats floating on the surface.By contrast,with the elapse of time,commercial fishing has been thriving and fishing boats are encroaching upon the sea.As a result,the number of fishes has been dwindling dramatically.比较：比较：Liu Shenghua2)总括描写与分述描写相结合总括描写与分述描写相结合lA
