Unit 5 Grammar—Review of relative clauses(ppt课件)-2022新人教版(2019)《高中英语》选择性必修第三册.pptx

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1、PoemsUnit 5英语英语2424字整体教学字整体教学达标检测 当堂检测 基础达标演练语法导学 感悟规律 重点难点剖析内容索引内容索引Period ThreeGrammarReview of relative clauses语法感知语 法 导 学感悟规律 重点难点剖析感知以下课文原句,补全方框下的小题感知以下课文原句,补全方框下的小题(1)There are various reasons why people compose poetry.(2)Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhym

2、es.(3)One of the simplest kinds of poem is the“list poem”,which contains a list of things,people,ideas,or descriptions that develop a particular theme.(4)List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.(5)Another simple form of poem that

3、 amateurs can easily write is the cinquain,which is made up of five lines.(6)Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables.(7)The haiku poem on the right is a translation from Japanese,which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly.1.在上述句子中,句在上述句子中,句(1)、(2)、(4),句,句(5)的第一

4、处加颜色部分和句的第一处加颜色部分和句(6)是是 定语定语从句;句从句;句(3)的加颜色部分和句的加颜色部分和句(5)的第二处加颜色部分的第二处加颜色部分是是 定语定语从句。从句。2.句句(2)中省略了定语从句的关系词。中省略了定语从句的关系词。3.句句(1)中中是是 引导引导定语从句;句定语从句;句(3)、(4)、(5)、(6)、(7)都是都是_ 引导引导定语从句。定语从句。限制性限制性非限制性非限制性关系副词关系副词关系关系代词代词语法精析在复合句中,修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫定语从句。在复合句中,修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,

5、连接先行词和定语从句的词叫被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句,同时指代先行词,并在关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句,同时指代先行词,并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种,关从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种,关系代词有系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose等;关系副词有等;关系副词有when,where,why。一、关系代词的用法一、关系代词的用法who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,

6、指人,在定语从句中作宾语,常可省略;常可省略;which指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略;指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略;that指人时,相当于指人时,相当于who或或whom;指物时,相当于;指物时,相当于which;在定语从句中作;在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略;主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略;whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作定语。作定语。The person that/who tricked me was one of my classmates.骗我的那个人是我的一个同学骗我的那个人是我的一个同学。The

7、old man(that/whom)the girl had tricked was my grandfather.女孩欺骗的那位老人是我的爷爷女孩欺骗的那位老人是我的爷爷。The gold medal(that/which)she won has been given to her old school.她曾经获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。她曾经获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。The woman(that/whom)I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.我在报纸上读到的那位女士刚刚赢得了一枚金牌。我在报纸上读

8、到的那位女士刚刚赢得了一枚金牌。This is the person whose story surprised everybody.就是这个人的故事让所有人吃了一惊。就是这个人的故事让所有人吃了一惊。温馨提示温馨提示 1.宜用宜用that不宜用不宜用which的情况的情况(1)当先行词是当先行词是all,little,much,something,anything,everything,nothing,some等不定代词时。等不定代词时。All that can be done has been done.一切能做的都已经做完了。一切能做的都已经做完了。(2)当先行词被当先行词被all,ev

9、ery,some,any,little,much,the only,the very,the right,the last,just等修饰时。等修饰时。Music is the only thing that interests me.音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。(3)当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。(4

10、)当先行词中既有人又有物时。当先行词中既有人又有物时。She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。2.宜用宜用which不宜用不宜用that的情况的情况(1)关系代词前有介词时。关系代词前有介词时。The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.我过去住的房子现在变成了一家鞋店。我过去住的房子现在变成了一家鞋店。(2)在非限制

11、性定语从句中。在非限制性定语从句中。Have you ever read the book,which was written by a young girl?你曾读过一个年轻女孩写的这本书吗?你曾读过一个年轻女孩写的这本书吗?3.宜用宜用who不宜用不宜用that的情况的情况(1)当先行词是指人的不定代词时,如:当先行词是指人的不定代词时,如:one,ones,anyone等。等。Anyone who does that must be mad.谁那样做都一定是疯了。谁那样做都一定是疯了。(2)当先行词是人称代词当先行词是人称代词I,you,he,they等时等时(常用于谚语中常用于谚语中)

12、。He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。不到长城非好汉。(3)当先行词为指人的当先行词为指人的those时。时。Those who have good manners will be highly respected.那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。(4)在在there be结构中,先行词指人时。结构中,先行词指人时。There is a young man who wants to see you.有有一个年轻人想见你一个年轻人想见你。4.whose指物时,常用下列结构来

13、代替指物时,常用下列结构来代替The classroom whose door is broken can hold 40 students.The classroom the door of which is broken can hold 40 students.The classroom of which the door is broken can hold 40 students.那间被弄坏了门的教室能容纳那间被弄坏了门的教室能容纳40个学生。个学生。二、关系副词引导的定语从句二、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词的指代及功能关系副词的指代及功能关系副词关系副词先行词先行词功能功能 w

14、hen表示时间的名词表示时间的名词时间状语时间状语 where表示地点的名词表示地点的名词地点状语地点状语 why reason原因状语原因状语I still remember the time when I first traveled by plane.我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。Id like to live in the house where there is plenty of sunshine.我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。Can you tell me the reason why you didnt c

15、ome to his birthday party?你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗?你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗?温馨提示温馨提示 表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时,定语从句可用关系代词引导,表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时,定语从句可用关系代词引导,也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语,应用关系副词;若也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语,应用关系副词;若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语,则应用关系代词。试比较:先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语,则应用关系代词。试比较:Do you remember the days when we chatted

16、with each other all night?你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗?你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗?(when在从句中作状语在从句中作状语)Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗?你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗?(that或或which作作spent的宾语的宾语)I dont know the reason why he didnt turn to his good friend for help yesterday.我不知道昨天他为什

17、么没向他的好朋友求助。我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why作原因状语作原因状语)I wont listen to the reason that/which you have given us.我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语,所以用定语从句中缺少宾语,所以用which/that,不用,不用why)三、三、“介词关系代词介词关系代词”引导的定语从句引导的定语从句当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,我们通常用当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,我们通常用“介词关系代介词关系代词词”引导定语从句。如果指引导定语从句。如果指“人

18、人”,用,用“介词介词whom”;如果指;如果指“物物”,用用“介词介词which”;关系代词有时也用;关系代词有时也用whose(作定语作定语)。选用介词的依据:选用介词的依据:1.根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语即固定短语)。Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.昨天我们参观了西湖,杭州因其而出名。昨天我们参观了西湖,杭州因其而出名。(be famous for因因而出名而出名)2.根据先行词的搭配习惯根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成,不一定是短语约定俗成,不

19、一定是短语)。This is the camera with which he often takes photos.这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(with camera用照相机用照相机)The boss in whose company Mr King worked heard about the accident.金先生所工作的公司的老板听说了这起事故。金先生所工作的公司的老板听说了这起事故。(in the boss company)3.根据句子的意思来选择。根据句子的意思来选择。The colorless gas without which we cannot

20、 live is called oxygen.这种无色的、离了它我们就无法生存的气体是氧气这种无色的、离了它我们就无法生存的气体是氧气。4.表示表示“所有所有”关系或关系或“整体中的一部分整体中的一部分”时,通常用介词时,通常用介词of。I have about 10 books,half of which were written by Mo Yan.我有大约我有大约10本书,其中一半是莫言写的本书,其中一半是莫言写的。温馨提示温馨提示 在定语从句中,有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用,如在定语从句中,有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用,如look after,look for等不能把介词移

21、至等不能把介词移至which或或whom之前。之前。The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正正)The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误误)四、非限制性定语从句四、非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切,只是对先行词或主句非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切,只是对先行词或主句做些附加说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往做些附加说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句

22、之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除词略有不同。除that和和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外,其他都可以。不能引导非限制性定语从句外,其他都可以。He is English,which I know from his accent.他是英国人,我通过他的口音知道这一点。他是英国人,我通过他的口音知道这一点。I heard a terrible noise,which brought my heart into my mouth.我听到了一个可怕的声音,这使我非常害怕。我听到了

23、一个可怕的声音,这使我非常害怕。温馨提示温馨提示关系代词关系代词as和和which的区别的区别as和和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为整个主句或主句中的一都可以引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为整个主句或主句中的一部分内容,先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语;部分内容,先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语;as和和which都不可省都不可省略,有时两者可以互换。略,有时两者可以互换。He married her,as/which was natural.他跟她结婚了,这是很自然的事。他跟她结婚了,这是很自然的事。下列情况通常只用下列情况通常只用as而不用而不用which:当定语从句

24、置于主句前面时,用当定语从句置于主句前面时,用as不用不用which。As you see,the Chinese people are hard-working.(定语从句在句首定语从句在句首)你知道,中国人民是勤劳的。你知道,中国人民是勤劳的。注意下面句子的多种表达方法:注意下面句子的多种表达方法:众所周知,月球每月绕地球转一圈。众所周知,月球每月绕地球转一圈。As is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.The moon travels round the earth once eve

25、ry month,as/which is known to everybody.It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.(后两句属名词性从句范畴后两句属名词性从句范畴五、使用定语从句的注意事项五、使用定语从句的注意事项1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的关系代词在定语从句中作主语时

26、,定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。数保持一致。Those who are over 45 wont be permitted into the hall.超过超过45岁的人不允许进入大厅。岁的人不允许进入大厅。温馨提示温馨提示“one of复数名词复数名词”作先行词,谓语动词用复数形式;作先行词,谓语动词用复数形式;“the only one of复数名词复数名词”作先行词,谓语动词用单数形式。作先行词,谓语动词用单数形式。This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.这是查尔斯这是查尔斯狄更斯所写的书中

27、的其中一本。狄更斯所写的书中的其中一本。He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.他是我们班里唯一一个学过法语的男孩他是我们班里唯一一个学过法语的男孩。2.为避免关系词的重复,被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。为避免关系词的重复,被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。This is the factory which we visited last Sunday.(visited后不可加后不可加it)这就是我们上星期天参观过的工厂这就是我们上星期天参观过的工厂。返 回达 标 检 测当堂检

28、测 基础达标演练.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.He is the man has offered some useful advice.2.It is the most interesting book he has ever read.3.He is the boy of we are proud in our school.4.The building doors are white is an office building.5.Anyone has helped to save the old man is worth praising.6.She is the only one of

29、 the children who (be)good at music here.7.The first place she visited in China was the History Museum.who/thatthatwhomwhosewhoisthat8.The reason she changed her mind is quite clear.9.The days they travelled together meant a lot to him.10.She has two sons,both of graduated from Harvard University.wh

30、ywhenwhom.语法填空语法填空 Yangshuo,ChinaIt was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didnt care.A few hours before,Id been at home in Hong Kong,11.I breathed its choking smog.Here,the air was clean and fresh,even with the rain.Id skipped nearby Guilin,12.is a dream place for tou

31、rists 13.seek the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 14.are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.Instead,Id headed straight for Yangshuo.For those 15.fly to Guilin,its only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.wherewhichwho/thatthat

32、/whichwhoYangshuo is really beautiful.A study of travelers 16.was conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations 17.are famous in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people and their families 18.are in Asia.Abercrombie&Kent,19.is a travel company in Hong Kong,says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people 20.live in Shanghai and Hong Kong.that/whichthat/whichthat/whowhichwho/that返 回ThanksThanks

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