1、介词01 介词定义02 介词分类03介词用法介词04介词例题表示名词,代词等与句中其他词等关系,是虚词,不能单独做句子成分,介词和它后面的宾语构成介词短语。介词短语可以做句子中的多种成分,可以表示时间、地点、方位、方向等。介词的定义(1)地点介词(2)方向介词(3)时间介词(4)方式介词(5)涉及介词(一)介词分类按“词义”分(6)目的介词(7)原因介词(8)比较介词(9)伴随介词(三)常用介词的含义介词(preposition)考点一:考点一:in,on,at用法辨析用法辨析 1.表示人或物在内部或一范围内,意思表示人或物在内部或一范围内,意思“在在里里”in the room 2.在年、月
2、、季节之前在年、月、季节之前 in 2019/in August/in August,2019 In spring(summer,autumn,winter)3.在上、下午;傍晚,白天之前在上、下午;傍晚,白天之前 in the morning(afternoon,evening)4.用于一般将来时,表示从现在算起的用于一般将来时,表示从现在算起的“一段时间后一段时间后”He will be back in two days.5.表表“穿、戴(衣服或衣服的颜色)穿、戴(衣服或衣服的颜色)”The girl is in red.6.后接语言、材料、工具,表示后接语言、材料、工具,表示“用用”Ca
3、n you speak in Chinese?7.表示某种状态或境况表示某种状态或境况in danger处在危险中处在危险中in trouble陷入困境陷入困境 in bad health身体不健康身体不健康 in surprise惊讶地惊讶地in 用法辨析用法辨析1.表示表示“在在上面上面”,指物体表面相接触。,指物体表面相接触。on the desk.2.在星期、节日、具体日子之前在星期、节日、具体日子之前 on Monday/on National Day/on August29,2019/on Thursday morning/on the afternoon of August 29
4、/on a cold night.3.“通过、以通过、以”on the radio(TV)通过收音机(电视)通过收音机(电视)on the phone 通过电话通过电话 on the computer 通过电脑通过电脑4.“关于关于”The scientist will give a talk on 5G mobile phone next Monday afternoon.5.“从事从事中中”on business 出差出差 on duty值日、值班值日、值班 on holiday度假度假 on show在在展出展出6.表示与某一地区毗邻的关系,即接壤,如中国与越南、老挝,蒙古、俄罗斯等国表
5、示与某一地区毗邻的关系,即接壤,如中国与越南、老挝,蒙古、俄罗斯等国接壤接壤 Thailand is on the southeast of China.on 用法辨析用法辨析at的用法1.在钟点之前在钟点之前 at ten oclock 2.中午、夜晚、拂晓之前中午、夜晚、拂晓之前 at noon3.接小地点接小地点 at the bus stop.4.用在电话号码前,表示用在电话号码前,表示“拨打拨打号码号码”You can call at 023-47835148.5.固定短语固定短语 at the beginning of 在在开始开始 at the end of在在末(结尾)时末(结
6、尾)时 at the age of 在在岁时岁时 laugh at look at be good at at work 在工作在工作 at school 在上学在上学practice1.Xinhua Zidian,or the New Chinese Dictionary,was first published _1953.2.We planted some flowers _the garden yesterday.3.This story is_ simple English.My little sister can read it.4.Im going out Ill be back
7、_ an hour5.Is that your headmaster?You mean the man _ blue?6.Beijing Expo 2019 opened to the public _ 29th April.It will last over five months.7.The accident took place_ a cold November evening.8.Yesterday our headmaster made a speech _ environmental protection,and we learned something about recycli
8、ng of waste.9.Most of the villagers took part in the Dragon Boat races_9:00 a.m._ the morning of June 7.10.-Is Mr Green at school?-Sorry,I dont know But you can call him_3405261 考点二:考点二:by,as,with用法辨析用法辨析by用法解析用法解析1.表示位置,意思是:表示位置,意思是:“在在旁边,靠近旁边,靠近”by the lake.2.表示出行的方式,意思是:表示出行的方式,意思是:“乘乘”by bus 3.表
9、示方式或手段,表示方式或手段,意思是意思是“用;借;通过用;借;通过”等等 You can improve your English by reading.4.表示时间,意思是:表示时间,意思是:“到到为止,不迟于为止,不迟于”You must come back by 9:00 p.m.5.用于被动语态表示动作的发出者,意思是:用于被动语态表示动作的发出者,意思是:“被被”。The room is cleaned by the boy.6.部分部分by固定短语固定短语 one by one 一个接一个一个接一个 day by day一天又一天一天又一天 year by year 一年又一年一
10、年又一年 by the way顺便问一下顺便问一下 by oneself by hand用手用手as用法解析用法解析1.表身份,意思表身份,意思“作为作为”As a student,2.表示形似,意思是表示形似,意思是“好像好像;像;像”The little girl speaks as an adult.3.构成固定短语构成固定短语 works as以以为职业为职业 be famous(known)as 以以著称著称 act as担当担当角色角色 look on(regard)as把把看作看作 choose.as 选选作为作为 use.as.用用作为作为with用法解析用法解析1.“和(与)
11、和(与)在一起在一起”The old woman lives with her son.2.“具有、持有、随身带着具有、持有、随身带着”He bought a house with a garden。3.“在在之下之下”,表示缘由,表示缘由 “在帮助下在帮助下”,英语用,英语用with the help of 或或with ones help.practice1.On sunny days,my grandma often reads a novel _ the window.2.John often takes a walk _ his grandpa after dinner.3.My E
12、nglish teacher always comes into the classroom _a smile.4._ the help of modern technology,scientists got a photo of a black hole.5._ a student,we should study hard.其他介词其他介词after 用在时刻之后用在时刻之后after 2:00till(until)用于肯定句,意思用于肯定句,意思“到到”用于否定句,意思为用于否定句,意思为“直到直到才才”over“在在之上之上”,表示在,表示在正上方,强调垂直关系正上方,强调垂直关系abo
13、ve“在在上方上方”,指高于物体上方的任意一点,不接触,指高于物体上方的任意一点,不接触,不一定垂直不一定垂直under“在在下方下方”,over反义词。反义词。below“在在下方下方”,above反义词。反义词。in front of 表示在物或人的前面表示在物或人的前面,常位于,常位于静止状态的动词前静止状态的动词前in the front of表示在某一空间范围内的前部表示在某一空间范围内的前部behind 表示在物或人的后面,常位于静止状态的动词前,反义词为表示在物或人的后面,常位于静止状态的动词前,反义词为in front ofbetween“在在之间之间”,强调在,强调在两者两者
14、之间,可与之间,可与and搭配搭配among“在在之间之间”,强调,强调三者三者或三者以上的人或事物之间或三者以上的人或事物之间across“横穿;对过横穿;对过”,表示从物体的表面通过、穿过或沿某一条线的方向而进行的动,表示从物体的表面通过、穿过或沿某一条线的方向而进行的动作作through“穿过、透过穿过、透过”,表示从某一空间通过,表示从某一空间通过along“沿着;顺着沿着;顺着”,表示沿某一路线(街道,河流)等,表示沿某一路线(街道,河流)等against表示位置,意思是表示位置,意思是“靠着靠着”表示表示“反对反对”“”“对着对着”“”“违反违反”“”“不利于不利于”等等pract
15、ice1.The high-speed train _ Qingdao and Beijing travels faster now.The train ride takes only about three hours.2.Look!A boy is drawing _ the bridge which is _ the river.3.The bright sunlight comes into the room _ the window.4.Excuse me Where is the nearest bookstore?Go _Center Street and you ll find
16、 it用用 in on next to over above under 表表示右边彩球和立方体的位置关系示右边彩球和立方体的位置关系1.The green ball is _the cube.2.The blue ball is _the cube.3.The red ball is _the cube.4.The purple ball is _the cube.5.The pink ball is _the cube.6.The orange ball is _the cubeinnext toonoverabove方位介词方位介词under1.1.表示时间和日期的介词表示时间和日期的介
17、词(1 1)at,on,ine.g.We will have a meeting at 8 oclock in the morning on Sunday.e.g.He came on the morning of a sunny day in winter in 2019.我们将在星期天早上八点开会。他在2019年冬季一个阳光明媚的早上到达了。(2)for,during,throughe.g.The new student looked at the teacher for a few seconds.这个新来的学生看了老师几秒钟。e.g.I went to Shanghai during
18、the summer holiday.暑假期间我去了上海。e.g.They worked hard through the winter.整个冬天他们都在努力工作。总结 2:for a few seconds for+一段时间,表示某事持续多久。during the summer holiday during 表示“在.期间”。through the winter through 表示“一直.,自始至终”。(3)from,sincee.g.I was waiting there from morning till noon.我在那里从早上等到中午。e.g.Great changes have
19、taken place in our school since 2010.自从2010年以来,我们学校发生了巨大的变化。总结 3:from 表示时间的起点,多用于from.to/until.。since 表示“自从.以来”,与完成时连用。区分 since 和 for:since+时间点 for+时间段(4)before,by,till,until e.g.Please come back before 8 oclock.e.g.You must hand in your homework by 10 oclock tomorrow.e.g.I will wait till/until tomo
20、rrow.I will not leave until tomorrow.总结 4:before 指“在.之前”,与 after 相对。by 指“到.时为止,在.之前”。till/until 指“直到.时”,肯定句中用延续性动词,否定句中用瞬间动词。2.2.表示方位的介词表示方位的介词 (1)on,over,above e.g.There is an apple on the table.e.g.There is a bridge over the river.e.g.There is a plane flying above the city.总结 1:三个介词均意为“在.上面”,区别是什么
21、呢?使用 on 时,表示两个物体相接触,一个在另一个之上。使用 over 时,表示一个物体在另一个物体的垂直正上方。使用 above 时,表示一个物体在另一个物体的上方,不接 触,也不一定垂直。拓展:e.g.She has only the director over her.处于.的职位之上 e.g.Snow is falling all over the country.遍及、遍布 e.g.Tonight,temperatures should be above zero.度以上 e.g.The salaries we offer are well above average.高于(平均水
22、平)2.2.表示方位的介词表示方位的介词 (2)beneath,under,below e.g.Mary enjoyed feeling the warm sand beneath her feet.e.g.Wendy had hidden the box under her bed.e.g.I could hear voices in the courtyard below my window.总结 2:三个介词均意为“在.下面”,区别是什么呢?使用 beneath 时,表示两个物体相接触,一个在另个的下面。使用 under 时,表示一个物体在另一个物体的垂直正下方。使用 below 时,表
23、示一个物体在另一个物体的下方,不接 触,也不一定垂直。2.2.表示方位的介词表示方位的介词 (3)across,through e.g.This is the only bridge across the river.e.g.The train went through a tunnel.总结 3:两个介词都有“穿过”的意思,有什么区别呢?across 意为“横穿,穿过”,从一边到另一边;横过。through 指从物体的内部“穿过”,从一端至另一端;穿过;贯穿;经过。拓展:e.g.There is a bank across the street.在.的对面 e.g.They have gon
24、e through many difficulties together.经历2.2.表示方位的介词表示方位的介词 (4)in,on,to e.g.Tianjin is in the north of China.e.g.Mongolia is on the north of China.e.g.Japan is to the east of China.总结 4:描述两者间的位置关系。in 表示“一方在另一方的内区域”。on 表示“两者接壤或相邻”。to 表示“两者在不属于同一范围,也不接壤的情况下的 相对位置。3.3.表示计量的介词表示计量的介词 (1)at,for,by e.g.We h
25、ave all pants in all color at 20 dollars.e.g.The house was sold at a rather low price.e.g.He sold his car for 500 dollars.e.g.They are paid by the day.e.g.The apples are sold by weight.总结 1:at 表示“以.的价格或具体价格”。for 表示“换取.”的意思。by+the+具体单位。by+具体度量名词前零冠词。4.4.表示行为的工具、手段或者方式的介词表示行为的工具、手段或者方式的介词 (1)by,with,i
26、n,through e.g.I went there by car.e.g.We speak with our mouths and write with a pen.e.g.Please speak in English and write in ink.e.g.You can only get there in this way.e.g.You can only achieve success through hard work.总结 1:by 表示方式,多用于交通。with 表示用某种具体工具或身体部位。in 表示用某种材料或语言,或 in.way 表示 “用.方式”。through 表
27、示“以(方法、手段),经由,通过”,多接抽象名词。5.5.表示原因的介词表示原因的介词 (1)for,at,from,of,with,by e.g.They are praised for the way they bring up their children.e.g.He was surprised at the news.e.g.The young man died from an accident.e.g.The man died of hunger.e.g.She took your umbrella by mistake.e.g.She blushed with embarrass
28、ment.总结 1:for 表示原因,常与sorry,famous,punish,praise,thank,blame等连用。at 指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到.而.”。from 指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸、劳累等。of 指“内在的原因”,如疾病、饥饿、年老等。with 指生理上或情感上的原因。by 表示外部的原因,例如 by mistake,by violence 6.6.其他介词其他介词(2)against e.g.He is standing against the wall.表示“与.方向相反”;逆着;顶着;靠着。e.g.What he did was against th
29、e law.表示“违反,违背”。e.g.It was a real race against time to get the project done.表示“以.为竞争对手”。e.g.Im sorry,but Im really against your proposal.表示“不同意,反对”。6.6.其他介词其他介词(3)beyond e.g.The house is beyond the bridge.表示“在.另一边”e.g.Dont stay here beyond midnight.表示“迟于;晚于”e.g.The switch on the wall was beyond the
30、childrens reach.e.g.Math is beyond me.I can never get high grades.表示“超出.(范围),非.所能及,对.来说太难”5.5.其他介词其他介词(4)as e.g.They were all dressed as clowns.表示“像,如同”e.g.He was treated as a hero.表示“作为,当做”treat/regard/see/describe/announce/think of.as.1.When were you born?I was born _ the morning of June 1st,1998.
31、A.inB.on C.at D.from2.He was a good student and scored _ average in most subjects.A.below B.ofC.on D.above Step 4:Language practice3.It was a real race _ time to get the project done.Luckily,we made it.A.over B.by C.forD.against4.Some abstract modern paintings were _ my understanding;I simply couldn
32、t figure out what the painters really wanted to tell us.A.within B.behind C.around D.beyond 5.The Great Wall travels _ deep valleys,_ deserts and _ mountains.A.over,across,throughB.through,over,acrossC.across,through,overD.through,across,over6._ basketball,what other sports do you like?A.ExceptB.Exp
33、ect C.Besides D.Beside Where is the pen?Its the box.on Its_the box.inWheres the pen?Its _ the box.underIts _ the box.behindThe yellow box is near the orange box.underbehindin on nearl1.at the village,at home,at the corner of the street._l2.in Shanghai,in the country,in Asia,in the world,in space _ 表
34、示地点的介词表示地点的介词l在外面的拐角处用在外面的拐角处用atl在里面的拐角处用在里面的拐角处用inin the cornerat the corner表示地点的介词表示地点的介词l介词介词in on to与方位词的关系与方位词的关系方位词:south north west east southeast southwest northeast northwest 例:1.China lies in the east of Asia.2.Japan lies to the east of China.3.Mongolia lies on the north of China.throughac
35、rossPrepositions of movement 运动介词运动介词横穿横穿从内部穿过从内部穿过用across和through填空1.The Great Wall is the northwest of China.2.Look!The man is swimming the lake.3.The sunlight comes the glass.4.We must go the road very carefully.5.The tiger is jumping the burning ring.acrossacrossthroughacrossthrough表示时间的介词表示时间的介
36、词lafter+时间点时间点 在在之后之后1.We will meet after six.六点之后六点之后我们会见面。我们会见面。2.Well hold a party after dinner.晚饭过后晚饭过后我们会举办一个聚会。我们会举办一个聚会。表示时间的介词表示时间的介词lbefore+时间点时间点 在在之前之前1.You should finish your homework before 9o clock.你应该在你应该在9点前点前把作业完成。把作业完成。2.We have met before coming here.我们在我们在来这儿之前来这儿之前就已经见过面了。就已经见过面
37、了。表示时间的介词表示时间的介词lin+一段时间一段时间 在在时间之后时间之后1.My father will come back in three days.我爸爸我爸爸三天后三天后将会回来。将会回来。2.Well meet in a week.一周之后一周之后我们将会见面。我们将会见面。表示方式、工具的介词表示方式、工具的介词lby+水陆空状态词也表示交通方式水陆空状态词也表示交通方式,如:by road by land by sea by water by air 公路运输;乘汽车公路运输;乘汽车 陆地运输陆地运输 海路运输;乘船海路运输;乘船 水路运输;乘船水路运输;乘船 航空运输;搭
38、飞机航空运输;搭飞机表示方式、工具的介词表示方式、工具的介词lby+通讯方式通讯方式 表示表示“用用作为联系方式作为联系方式”by letter by e-mail by phone 书信联系;以书信的方式书信联系;以书信的方式 邮件联系邮件联系 打电话;电话联系打电话;电话联系表示方式、工具的介词表示方式、工具的介词lin+语言语言 表示表示“用用语言语言”例:例:in Chinese 用中文用中文 in French 用法语用法语 How do you spell your name in English?How to say“hello”in German?lin+颜色颜色 例:例:Th
39、e man in red clothes is Father Christmas.in固定搭配固定搭配lin time 及时lon time 准时lin the sky 在空中lin a low voice 低声说lin life 在生活中表示方式、工具的介词表示方式、工具的介词lwith+具体的具体的工具或五官工具或五官 表示表示“用用”例:eat with a spoon write with a pencil 用勺子吃用勺子吃用铅笔写用铅笔写 时间介词阅读下面短语和句子,思考标红介词的用法。in 2011in Januaryin summerin the 21st centuryin t
40、he morningin 10 yearson Mondayon May Dayon March 12thon Sunday afternoonon a cold morningat seven oclock(7:00)at half past five(5:30)用between和among填空1.The girl is _ the two boys.2.The red apple is _green apples.用across和through填空1.Go _the bridge,and you will find the park.2.Youll be closer to your de
41、stination if you go _ the city.用except和besides填空1.They all passed the exam _Tom.2.They all passed the exam _Tom.TomTomAnnaAnna LilyLily1.1.5080752.2.667382betweenamongacrossthroughexceptbesides常见介词 议展:区分以下几组单词,讨论它们的用法。用用between和和among填空填空1.The girl is between the two boys.2.The red apple is among gr
42、een apples.用用across和和through填空填空1.Go across the bridge,and you will find the park.2.Youll be closer to your destination if you go through the city.用用except和和besides填空填空1.They all passed the exam except Tom.2.They all passed the exam besides Tom.betweenbetween表示在两者之间表示在两者之间amongamong表示在三者或三者以上的人表示在三者
43、或三者以上的人或物之间或物之间acrossacross强调从表面穿过强调从表面穿过throughthrough强调从一定的空间内穿过强调从一定的空间内穿过exceptexcept表示表示“除除之外之外”,指从整体中排除,指从整体中排除,exceptexcept所带的人或物所带的人或物BesidesBesides表示表示“除除之外(还有)之外(还有)”,它的意思,它的意思是在原来的基础上加上是在原来的基础上加上besidesbesides除外的人或物除外的人或物检检:(3mins)1.I will live for Beijing for Shenzhen _9 p.m._ October 1s
44、t.2.You can enter the city _ the forest.3.My uncles reviews on the four great classical Chinese novels may be published _ the summer of 2021.4.Han clothing is becoming more popular _ young people.5.Dont use your mobile phone when you go _ the road.Its dangerous.6.We must wait _the owner of the walle
45、t comes.7.He gave me a box of chocolates _ a bottle of milk.atthroughonacrossamonginuntilbesides_ Friday evening _ the 1980s_ the age of _ midnight_ the Tang Dynasty _ last SundayExercises1.Japan lies _ the east of China.2.There is a bridge _ the river.oninatatin/toover3._ the windows of her house i
46、s a supermarket.4._ the chair there is a cat sleeping.5.Her son was too fat to go_ the door.6.He saw me and came to me _the road.ExercisesBelowUnderthroughacross表示时间011、表示在某时间.常用前置词at,on,in等。atonin表示在某一段时刻at dawn/daybreak,at six,at midnight表示在岁时at sixteen/at the age of sixteen 表示在星期几/某日on Monday:在星期
47、一on January fifth:在1月5日on New Years Day:在新年那天表向前移动on the left/right 向左/右移动表示一天中的早中晚,月份,季节或年份in the morning 在早晨in January/February 在一月,二月in Spring 在春天可加衣物,表穿,戴in red 穿红色的衣服表示“用”in English 用英语说“在方面”do well in 在方面做得好2.表示 期间 常用前置词during,for,over,within,throughout,from和to等01duringfor用于已知的一段时间包括大家熟知的节日或者某
48、种已确切限定的时期或阶段之前during the Middle Ages:在中世纪during 1942:在1942年中during the summer(of that year):在(那一年的)夏季during his childhood:在他童年时期用来表示一段时间for six years:六年之久for two months:有两个月for ever:永远 表示其他时间概念的前置词有before,after,since,until,till,between,up to等表示时间表示方位02atinonto(1)表示在小地方;(2)表示“在.附近,旁边”(1)表示 在大地方;(2)表示
49、“在.范围之内”表示毗邻,接壤,“在.上面”表示在范围外,不强调是否接壤;或“到”表示方位02aboveoveron指在上方,不强调是否垂直,与 below相对The bird is flying above my head.指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触There is a bridge over the river.表示某物体上面并与之接触He put his watch on the desk.表示方位02belowunder表示在正下方表示在下,不一定在正下方There is a cat under the table.Please write
50、 your name below the line.in front ofin the front of 在前面,指甲物在乙物之前,两者互不包括;其反义词是behind(在的后面)There are some flowers in front of the house.“在的前部”,即甲物在乙物的前部.反义词是at the back of(在范围内的后部)There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom.易混介词辨析1.时间或地点介词in,on,at表时间表时间in:表示在一段时间里;在将来时句子中表示在一段时间之后;on:表示具体的某一天