1、Analysis of sentence component&Correct choices of Parts of speech“语法填空语法填空”解题基本功解题基本功之之“句子成分分析句子成分分析”与与“词性的正确选用词性的正确选用”Part 1 Analysis of teaching materials 教材分析教材分析一一 Teaching Contents 教学内容教学内容 This teaching period mainly deals with the approaches to Rational Cloze.This period places emphasis on th
2、e analysis of sentence component and the correct choices of parts of speech,which play a key role in finishing the Rational Cloze.The full mark for Rational Cloze is 15,which accounts for ten percent of the overall scores.Compared with Cloze,Rational Cloze is relatively easier for the students who h
3、as mastered a certain degree of grammar knowledge,and some top students even can get a full mark.本节课的内容主要是高考题型本节课的内容主要是高考题型“语法填空语法填空”的两大解题基的两大解题基本功，具体包括本功，具体包括“句子成分分析句子成分分析”及及“词性的正确选用词性的正确选用”这两这两种解题基本功。语法填空满分种解题基本功。语法填空满分15分，占了总分的百分之十，是分，占了总分的百分之十，是相对于完型填空来说较易突破的题型，对于已具备一定的语法相对于完型填空来说较易突破的题型，对于已具备一定
4、的语法基础及语言技能的学生来说，只要掌握了高效的解题方法及进基础及语言技能的学生来说，只要掌握了高效的解题方法及进行持之以恒的训练，得高分及满分是极有可能的。行持之以恒的训练，得高分及满分是极有可能的。而对于基础偏差的学生，语法填空里的部分空格，可以通而对于基础偏差的学生，语法填空里的部分空格，可以通过找规律，勤记派生词，勤做句子成分分析及词性辨析等训练，过找规律，勤记派生词，勤做句子成分分析及词性辨析等训练，同样可以找到答题的突破口，从而增强其学英语的自信心及成同样可以找到答题的突破口，从而增强其学英语的自信心及成就感。就感。二二 Teaching Aims 教学目标教学目标A.Knowle
5、dge Aims 知识目标知识目标B.C.1.Master the nine kinds of sentence components:D.掌握九种主要的句子成分掌握九种主要的句子成分 E.subject主语主语 predicate 谓语谓语 object宾语宾语 object complement 宾语补足语宾语补足语F.predicative表语表语 attribute 定语定语 adverbial 状状语语 apposition 同位语同位语 parenthesis 插入语插入语.G.H.2.Master the nine kinds of parts of speech:I.掌握九种主
6、要的词性掌握九种主要的词性J.noun名词名词 verb动词动词 adjective 形容形容词词K.adverb 副词副词 pronoun代词代词 number数词数词L.preposition 介词介词 article冠词冠词 conjunction连连词词M.3.Master two sets of formulas for calculating the subjectpredicate systems in the Simple Sentence,the Complex Sentence and Coordinating Sentence.4.掌握两套简单句及复合句或并列句中的主谓系
7、统公式掌握两套简单句及复合句或并列句中的主谓系统公式 简单句主谓系统公式：简单句主谓系统公式：1+N 即即“简单句有且只有一个谓语，但可有简单句有且只有一个谓语，但可有N个非谓语动词个非谓语动词构成。构成。”谓语数目有且只有一个，非谓语数目是从谓语数目有且只有一个，非谓语数目是从0个个到无数个不等。到无数个不等。复合句或并列句主谓系统公式：复合句或并列句主谓系统公式：M1=连接词数目连接词数目 即即“主谓系统的数目主谓系统的数目1=连接词数目连接词数目”，这是任何一，这是任何一个复合句或并列句中最一般的情况，连接词包括个复合句或并列句中最一般的情况，连接词包括 并列连词和从句引导词。并列连词和
8、从句引导词。B.Ability Aims 能力目标能力目标1.Improve Ss ability to make use of the knowledge of analysis of sentence component to identify what kind of parts of speech should be filled in the blank.培养学生运用句子成分分析及九种词性的基本用法来判断空格该填培养学生运用句子成分分析及九种词性的基本用法来判断空格该填的单词为何种词性的能力。的单词为何种词性的能力。2.Strengthen Ss autonomous learnin
9、g ability,cooperative learning and inquiry learning ability.加强学生的自主学习，合作学习及探究型学习的能力。加强学生的自主学习，合作学习及探究型学习的能力。3.Develop Ss ability of imagination and creativity,enabling Ss to design their own Rational Cloze and go through all the answers on their own by using the knowledge of sentence component,parts
10、 of speech and two sets of formulas.4.学生模拟出题者，运用句子成分分析，词性的基本用法，简单学生模拟出题者，运用句子成分分析，词性的基本用法，简单句和复合句句和复合句并列句并列句的主谓系统公式等知识点，把老师提供的短文或自的主谓系统公式等知识点，把老师提供的短文或自己的资料书中的短文设计为语法填空题，以此提高学生的创新型学习能己的资料书中的短文设计为语法填空题，以此提高学生的创新型学习能力。力。C.Emotional Aims 情感目标情感目标1.Strengthen Ss confidence in overcoming the difficulties
11、 in English study.2.加强学生克服英语学习困难的信心。加强学生克服英语学习困难的信心。2.Develop Ss interest in grammar learning.3.培养学生学习语法的兴趣。培养学生学习语法的兴趣。3.Make Ss feel a sense of accomplishments while theyre designing their own Rational Cloze and going through the answers on the platform.4.使学生在设计及上讲台阐释自己的语法填空题型时使学生在设计及上讲台阐释自己的语法填空题
12、型时能体验到一种学习上的成就感。能体验到一种学习上的成就感。三三 Important and difficult points 教学重点及难点A.Important Points:教学重点教学重点1.Master the usage of sentence component analysis and the usage of different kinds of parts of speech and their connection with Rational Cloze.2.掌握句子成分分析与词性的正确选用这两项知识点，掌握句子成分分析与词性的正确选用这两项知识点，及其与语法填空解题策略
13、之间的关联。及其与语法填空解题策略之间的关联。2.Master the two sets of formulas concerning the Subject-Predicate System.3.学习简单句，复合句或并列句的两套主谓系统公式。学习简单句，复合句或并列句的两套主谓系统公式。3.Apply the rules to the practical problems with Rational Cloze.4.把所学的有关句子成分，词性辨析及主谓系统公式把所学的有关句子成分，词性辨析及主谓系统公式这三项知识点综合应用到语法填空的解题中去。这三项知识点综合应用到语法填空的解题中去。B.D
14、ifficult Points 教学难点1.Identify the usage of different kinds of parts of speech.2.区分九种不同词性的用法。2.Get the hang of the two sets of formulas concerning the SubjectPredicate System.3.掌握简单句，复合句或并列句的主谓系统公式的用法。3.Design a Rational Cloze on their own and go through the answers.4.模拟出题者，自己设计语法填空题型，并到讲台阐释及评讲。Part
15、 2 Analysis of the students 学情分析 The students have learned the grammar items systematically and accumulated a certain amount of vocabulary,however,due to the weakening sentence structure learning in Junior High School Chinese teaching,the students are not adept at analyzing the sentence structure as
16、 well as the usage of different kinds of parts of speech.学生已系统地学习了英语语法及积累了一定的词汇量，并刚学完一期语法填空题的解题策略专题，初步了解了十条解题技巧，但学生的初中语文课本淡化了句子成分分析的学习，导致学生无法准确分析句子成分，主谓宾定状补表同位语等概念非常地模糊，无法辨别主语，谓语，宾语，状语，定语等成分，对于汉语没有的“表语”成分更是难以理解；由于受到汉语思维的影响，学生把名词，形容词，介词短语等也当做谓语来使用，不知道英语必须且只能用动词作谓语，从而导致所学的十条解题技巧无法完全融会贯通，中等基础的及基础偏差的学生仍
17、旧答题错漏百出。Therefore,it is necessary to enhance Ss awareness of the correlation between the analysis of sentence component,the correct choices of different parts of speech and Rational Cloze.因此，很有必要让学生意识到句子成分分析能力，词性辨析能力与语法填空答题能力之间存在着重要的关联。Part 3 Teaching Methods and Aids 教学方法与教具 一 Analysis of teaching
18、methods 教学方法分析 Taskbased teaching method (individual work,pair work and class work)任务型教学方法 Heuristic teaching method 启发式教学方法 Experiencebased teaching method 体验式教学方法 A combination of deductive and inductive teaching methods 演绎法及归纳法相结合的教学方法 二 Teaching Aids 教具 A projector Multimedia computer A blackboa
19、rd 投影机 多媒体计算机 黑板Part 4 Analysis of learning method 学法分析一Autonomous learning method二 自主学习方法二Cooperative learning method三 合作学习方法四 三 Inquiry learning method 五 探究型学习方法Part 5 Teaching procedures 教学步骤Step 1 Lead-in （导入）用时4分钟 Revise some Ss answers to the Rational Cloze in the fourth monthly mock exam.（回顾第
20、四次月考部分学生的语法填空题答题情况)Some orphans（孤儿）from the Wuhan Welfare Institute for Children 16.took (take)to the park.They held him by the hand and never hesitated to call 17.his Grandpa.In 2003,18.a Professor Dorrity and his wife retired,they came to Wuhan and started to work as volunteers at the Welfare Inst
21、itute.The Dorritys have been working hard 19.improved the conditions at the Welfare Institute since they came.They often take children on day-trips,20.brought along with them all kinds of food for the kids to enjoy.They recently bought audiphones for four orphans 21.have hearing problems and small t
22、ape recorders for three blind children.They also bought a wheelchair for ten year-old Tan Jun,22.he suffers from a brain problem.With the 23.arrived of spring,the Dorritys took the children for 24.a outing.“We love China and we love children.”Dorrity said,“25.at we are happy to do this.”让学生独立思考：这些答案
23、为什么错？自己的试题有没有同类的错误？为什么刚学完的专题中的十条技巧无法完全派上用场？导致他们做错题的重要原因是什么？有什么办法可大幅度避免此类的错误？十个空格中让学生重点思考18，20，22，23，25小题的特征。然后搜集学生的看法，以此自然引出本课的主题：“句子成分分析能力”及“词性的正确选用能力”是做好语法填空题的两大前提，大部分语法填空的答题技巧都离不开这两项基本功。脱离了这两项基本功，其它的答题技巧无法高效使用。（“导入导入”环节设计依据：通过回顾刚刚结束的第四次月环节设计依据：通过回顾刚刚结束的第四次月考的题目，学生记忆犹新，印象深刻，能联系自己答题的实际考的题目，学生记忆犹新，印
24、象深刻，能联系自己答题的实际情况来思考问题；通过连续的设疑可激活学生的兴趣，调动学情况来思考问题；通过连续的设疑可激活学生的兴趣，调动学习的积极性，并培养了学生的发散性思维能力；引导学生重点习的积极性，并培养了学生的发散性思维能力；引导学生重点看看18，20，22，23及及25小题，因为此小题，因为此5小题切合本节课的教学小题切合本节课的教学重点，所以引导学生重点分析，使连续的设疑紧扣本课的主重点，所以引导学生重点分析，使连续的设疑紧扣本课的主题。）题。）Step 2 Review the nine kinds of sentence components 复习九种句子成分（用时4分钟）Get
25、 Ss to list the nine kinds of sentence components altogether让学生齐声列举九种句子成分:主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语定语 状语 同位语 插入语Then get Ss to underline the sentence components of the following sentences.让学生划分下列句子的成分。1.The watch didnt work just now.2.The grandmother died last year.3.Your explanation sounds unreasonable.4.I
26、 bought an English dictionary yesterday.5.Last night,the professor gave us a talk on music.6.6.He called Tom a fool.练习设计意图：打好句子成分分析的基础，识别简单句的各个句子成分，为下一步进行词性的正确选用打好铺垫。Step 3 Observation and reflection观察与思索（用时7分钟）Task 1:Get Ss to observe the six sentences and work in pairs to figure out how different
27、sentence components use different parts of speech correspondingly;and then collect their answers.Afterwards,show a pithy formula and a table for Ss to correct their answers.任务1：学生观察以上六个句子，两人一组共同探讨不同的句子成分应该使用何种的词性；学生讨论完毕后收集答案，然后用口诀歌及表格呈示正确答案。（任务1设计意图：此项任务旨在锻炼学生的合作学习能力及探究型学习能力，严格遵循“观察思考判断下结论验证”这样的认知规律
28、来学习抽象的语法规则。）口诀歌：主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！句子成分意义使用的不同词性例句主语主语说的是什么人什么事名词，代词，不定式，动名词，主语从句The lady looks very charming.谓语主语做什么是什么或怎么样动词或动词词组Lily finally arrived.宾语表示动作行为的对象名词，代词，不定式，动名词，宾语从句She gave a lecture yesterday.表语与连系动词构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征名词，形容词，不定式，动名词，The fish smells delicious.定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词
29、，名词，数词，介词短语，定语从句She received a valuable gift.状语修饰v,adj,adv,数词，整个句子，表明动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等。副词，介词短语或状语从句Luckily,the couple survived the earthquake.宾语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词短语We found him warm-hearted.Step 4 Study two sets of formulas:“1N”&“M1=连接词数目”学习两套简单句及复合句或并列句主谓系统公式（共用时10分钟)Task 2:Get Ss to cal
30、culate the numbers of the predicate and the non-finite words in the following simple sentences.Observe the characteristics of the numbers,and enable Ss to draw a conclusion about the features of the numbers.（用时4分钟）任务任务2：让学生两人一组，计算下列简单句的谓语动词及非谓语动词数目，让学生两人一组，计算下列简单句的谓语动词及非谓语动词数目，观察其数目揭示着什么样的规律，以此自然引出观
31、察其数目揭示着什么样的规律，以此自然引出“1N”这个简单句的主这个简单句的主谓系统公式，即为谓系统公式，即为“简单句内部有且只有一个谓语，非谓语动词可有可无简单句内部有且只有一个谓语，非谓语动词可有可无（数量从零到无穷个不等）。（数量从零到无穷个不等）。1.He sat on the sofa,reading an instructive book.2.Hearing the good news,she couldnt help jumping and dancing.3.Having been told the news,he turned and turned in bed,unable
32、to sleep.Task 3 Get Ss to calculate the numbers of the conjunction and the subject-predicate system in the following compound sentences.(用时用时6分钟）分钟）任务任务3：让学生两人一组计算以下复合句或并列句中的主谓系统数目及连词的数目，让学生两人一组计算以下复合句或并列句中的主谓系统数目及连词的数目，分析它们的特征，试图找出这些数据存在什么样的规律。分析它们的特征，试图找出这些数据存在什么样的规律。1.Caught in rain yesterday，he
33、is ill today,but he has gone to school.2.He has no choice but to finish all his homework today,or it will be too late.3.Walking alone along the river bank,I came across Peter,and he took me to his home.4.If you are fit for the job,the company will accept you as a new worker after you have an intervi
34、ew.5.Helped by his teacher,he made great progress in English ,which he had been very much afraid of.6.在学生根据计算的数目做出推理之后，搜集学生的结论，适时引出复合句在学生根据计算的数目做出推理之后，搜集学生的结论，适时引出复合句或并列句的主谓系统公式：或并列句的主谓系统公式：M1=连接词数目连接词数目7.即为：即为：M指代复合句或并列句的主谓系统数目，指代复合句或并列句的主谓系统数目，M1=从属连词或并列连词从属连词或并列连词的数目，如句子有的数目，如句子有3套主谓系统，则套主谓系统，则31
35、=2，则句子必须且只有两个连词。，则句子必须且只有两个连词。8.（任务2及任务3设计意图：实施启发式教学，遵循学生习得抽象语法现象的认知规律，培养学生的观察能力及推理分析能力，为以下的自己独立设计语法填空题型及模拟老师上讲台阐释自己出的题型奠定好能力基础。）9.Step 5 Design your own Rational Cloze 自己设计语法填空题自己设计语法填空题（用时14分钟）Task 4:Enable Ss to design their own Rational Cloze by making use of the knowledge about the correlation
36、between the analysis of sentence component,parts of speech and the Rational Cloze as well as the two sets of formulas:“1N”&“M1=连接词数目”.任务任务4：每桌分发两份短文材料，字数大约每桌分发两份短文材料，字数大约170200字，题材，体裁字，题材，体裁不限，布置学生根据所学的有关句子成分分析，词性的正确选用及两套主不限，布置学生根据所学的有关句子成分分析，词性的正确选用及两套主谓系统公式的相关知识，及结合之前刚学完的语法填空专题的十条解题技谓系统公式的相关知识，及结合
37、之前刚学完的语法填空专题的十条解题技巧来把短文挖空十个空格，设计自己的语法填空题型。设计完毕后与同桌巧来把短文挖空十个空格，设计自己的语法填空题型。设计完毕后与同桌互相交换作品来完成对方所出的题。因难度较大，教师可事先给予适当的互相交换作品来完成对方所出的题。因难度较大，教师可事先给予适当的范例展示及指引，以照顾不同层次的学生。范例展示及指引，以照顾不同层次的学生。（任务4 设计意图：学生模拟出题者，自己设计语法填空题型，可更加深刻地体会到高考题型考点的覆盖面，题目的测试点，明确试题的难易点，命题的切入点及出题者的意图等，有助于提高学生的答题能力，培养了学生的动手能力及创新能力，通过学生的模拟
38、体验，让其体会到一种成就感，以此增强学生学习英语的兴趣及信心。）短文材料1.My grandma is eighty years old this year.She told me that when she was young,she seldom ate meat while she was very strong and never went to see the doctor at that time.Now with life becoming better,she eats more meat,fish,eggs and other food with more fat.She d
39、oesnt feel better than before.On the contrary,she usually feels comfortable.It is not her age but the eating habit that makes her weaker.From my grandmas story,I draw a conclusion that we need to change our life style.For one thing,we should develop good eating habits.The better eating habits we get
40、 into,the healthier we will be.We should have a balanced diet.More vegetables are good for our health,so we should try our best to eat more vegetables and refuse junk food,and eat less meat and fish at the same time.For another,it is time that we went outside and did enough exercise.Nowadays,we are
41、too busy to do some sports,which causes more health problems.And some of us are becoming fatter and fatter.Therefore,I think it important to have a better life style.短文材料2 One day Tony told a lie to his mother.That night he felt very unhappy.He did not want to play with other children.He sat on the
42、doorstep alone.He looked up in the sky and saw a big round moon.He thought that it was looking down upon him,because it knew about the lie.He ran down the street as quickly as possible to get away from it,but it kept following him.Then he ran in panic into the house and went into bed,but the moon lo
43、oked at him through the window.He pulled a sheet over his head,but he could not sleep.He got up and then hid himself in the bed.The bed blocked the moonlight.The darkness made him feel safe.Lying on the floor,he thought about the lie.At last he decided to tell his mother all about it.He told her the
44、 truth and she forgave him.He promised never to tell a lie again.He went back to bed and was soon fast asleep.He had a dream that the moon smiled down upon him.Step 6 Presentation 作品阐释（用时5分钟）Task 5.Arrange one student to come to the platform to present his or her works by using the projector.安排学生到讲台
45、来阐释自己设计的语法填空题，阐释的内容包括设计的思路，设计的依据，命题的切入点及题目的测试点；涉及到句子成分分析，词性的正确选用，两套主谓系统公式等测试点的题目分别有哪些，介绍同桌的完成情况及分析同桌的错误。（任务5设计意图：本次任务旨在就学生对这节课内容的掌握程度进行反馈，根据学生的反馈情况可在今后及时调整教学的难度及策略，同时也可借助学生的展示，让学生对本节课的内容做一个归纳总结。）Step 7 Homework 作业布置（用时1分钟）一 Polish up the design works after class.(课后修改完善自己设计的语法填空题，注明设计思路，命题的切入点及测试点，下
46、节课上交检查）二.Finish two sets of Rational Cloze.(完成两套语法填空题)1.Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life._31_these proverbs there are often interesting stories.For example,the proverb,“plucking up a crop_32_(help)it grow,”is based on the following story.It is sa
47、id that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty(960-1279)was very anxious to help _33_rice crop grow up quickly.He was thinking about_34_day and night.But the crop was growing much slower than he expected.One day,he came up with an idea_35_he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.He did so th
48、e next day.He was very tired_36_doing this for a whole day,_37_he felt very happy since the crop did“grow”_38_(high).His son heard about this and went to see the crop.Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their_39_(nature)course.Being
49、 too anxious to help an event develop often _40_(result)in the country to our intention.(2008年广东高考语法填空题)2.I admire my mum so much.She is just an ordinary housewife,_16_is not beautiful,but very popular.You can always see her sitting together with some old ladies doing some little craftworks,with att
50、ention _17_(focus)on the work while chatting with others.She always tells me,“Never put your palms upwards_18_downwards！”I didnt know why,so I would stare at her hands whenever I have nothing to do.Then I found that they were busy doing cleaning,washing,cooking,and helping others.I never knew such s
