1、We all are present at the meeting.We all are present at the meeting but John isnt.We all are present at the meeting because it is very important.简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句我们所有人都出席了会议.结构划分:简单句,并列句,复合句名词性从句(主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)形容词性从句:定语从句副词性从句:比较状语从句,地点状语从句,时间状语从句,让步状语从句,条件状语从句,目的状语从句,方式状语从句,结果状语从句,原因状语从句.复合
2、句:We all are present at the meeting.简单句简单句分析句子成分主语be动词表语宾语同位语名词性从句名词性从句连接词：连接词：that,whether,if 在从句中不担任任在从句中不担任任何成分何成分,本身也没有词义本身也没有词义,可省略可省略(宾语从宾语从句除外句除外)连接代词：连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.在句中充当成分在句中充当成分连接副词：连接副词：when,where,how,why在句中在句中做状语做状语连接词连接词:主语从句主语从句 The Subject Clause一一.定义定
3、义:在复合句中充当主语的句子在复合句中充当主语的句子叫做主语从句。叫做主语从句。What you said yesterday is right.That she is still alive is a good thing.For example:For example:二二.连接词连接词:连词连词that，whether;连连接代词：接代词：who,what,which;连接副连接副词：词：when,where,how,why等等.三三.主语从句的两种结构主语从句的两种结构:主语从句可主语从句可以放句首；也可以放句末，用以放句首；也可以放句末，用it 做做形形式主语式主语.For exam
4、ple:2.Whether he will come2.Whether he will come hasnt been decided.=It hasnt been decided whether he will come.1.1.That the earth is roundThat the earth is round is true.2.=It is true that the earth is round.主语从句中的主语从句中的“主谓一致主谓一致”：1.1.一个主语从句作主语相当于第三人一个主语从句作主语相当于第三人称单数作主语，谓语动词用称单数作主语，谓语动词用单数单数；2.如果由
5、如果由and连接两个或两个以上的连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词用主语从句作主语，谓语动词用复数复数；3.由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用从句，谓语动词用单数单数。注意注意1.1.How and why he did the experiment are How and why he did the experiment are unknown to all.unknown to all.2.How he did the experiment and why he did the experiment is unknown to all.
6、3.When he did the experiment has not been decided yet.isare are 2.What 2.What 引导主语从句时引导主语从句时,主句谓语主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.What he wants _these What he wants _these books.books.What he wants _some water.areareisis宾语从句宾语从句 The Object Clause一一.在复合句中充当宾语的从句叫做在复合句中充当宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句。二二.宾语从句类型宾语
7、从句类型:1).1).作动词宾语作动词宾语I dont know I dont know that you will come here.I wonder what he has done.2).2).作介词宾语作介词宾语The teacher is satisfied with what I said.He is thinking about how to solve the problem.I am afraid(that)Ive made a mistake.I am sure (that)he will win the game.4)4)用用itit作形式宾语作形式宾语We think
8、 it We think it our duty that we should help others.I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.动词动词find,feel,make,think,believe,find,feel,make,think,believe,considerconsider后有宾补时后有宾补时,则需用则需用itit作形式宾作形式宾语语,而将真正的宾语从句后置而将真正的宾语从句后置,这时这时thatthat不不可省略可省略宾语从句注意事项宾语从句注意事项，但是如，但是如果是并列的多个
9、宾语从句，只能省第一个果是并列的多个宾语从句，只能省第一个有些动词有些动词/动词词组如动词词组如:like/dislike/love/hate/appreciate/make/see to/take/owe/depend on+it 后常跟后常跟if 或或when从从句句I hate I hate it when people laugh at the disabled.You may depend on it that you parents will You may depend on it that you parents will help you whenever you need
10、it.help you whenever you need it.2.2.宾语从句中的否定转移宾语从句中的否定转移我认为他不会来这里我认为他不会来这里I think he wont come here.I think he wont come here.()()I dont think he will come here.()I believe he wont see you.()I dont believe he will see you.()注意：如果宾语从句是由注意：如果宾语从句是由I/We+I/We+think,believe,imagine,suppose,expect等词引导的时候
11、，等词引导的时候，要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。do I?Predicative Clause二二.类型类型:1.放在放在be动词之后。动词之后。2.可以放在连系动词可以放在连系动词 look,remain,seem等后。等后。另外另外,常用的还有常用的还有the reason is that 和和It is because 等结构。例如：等结构。例如：It seems that it is going to rain.The question is The question is whether it is worth doing一一.定义定义:在复
12、合句中充当表语的从句叫做表语从句在复合句中充当表语的从句叫做表语从句注意事项：注意事项：1.1.在表语从句中，当在表语从句中，当reason,result,cause,why作主语时，引导词只能用作主语时，引导词只能用that，不能用，不能用because，The reason why he was late was he didnt catch the early bus.Why we decided to put off the football match is the weather was too bad.thatthatthatthat2.2.as if/though,becaus
13、e 也可引导表也可引导表语从句语从句.as if/though需要注意两种语需要注意两种语气气.(.(陈述语气陈述语气,虚拟语气虚拟语气).).because常常用于用于This/That/It is because结构中结构中.It looks It looks as if its going to rain.That was because he didnt That was because he didnt understand me.understand me.Appositive Clause二二.同位语从句的功能同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容Th
14、e news that she passed the exam excited her parents.三.能接同位语从句的名词有：能接同位语从句的名词有：fact,idea,news,information,order,belief,suggestion,advice等等(常为抽象名词常为抽象名词)四.连接词一般由that引导,也可根据选用whether,what,when,where,等来引导同位语从句。I have no idea where he comes from.There is some doubt whether he will pass the exam.There is
15、no doubt that he will pass the exam.I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.I have no idea when she will be back.注意注意:when,where:when,where 引导定语从句时引导定语从句时,其意义与先行词有关其意义与先行词有关;但引导同位语但引导同位语从句时从句时,其意义与同位的词无关其意义与同位的词无关,”,”什什么时候么时候,哪儿哪儿”五五.同位语在句子中的位置同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句紧跟在名词后面同位语从句紧跟在名词后面.同位语从句有
16、时可以不紧跟在它所说明的同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的成分隔开名词后面，而是被别的成分隔开,称为分隔称为分隔式的同位语从句。式的同位语从句。He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别 1）定语从句）定语从句是形容词性的，是形容词性的，对先行词起修饰、对先行词起修饰、限制的作用，同位语从句限制的作用，同位语从句是名词性的，是名词性的，对名词具对名词具体内容的补充说明体内容的补充说明。2）that在定语从句中担任句子成分，是关系代词。在定语
17、从句中担任句子成分，是关系代词。that在同位语从句中不担任句子成分，是从属连在同位语从句中不担任句子成分，是从属连词，通常不能省略。词，通常不能省略。注意事项:同位语从句定语从句解释说明；解释说明；thatthat在从句中不充当成分在从句中不充当成分但是不能省。但是不能省。修饰限定；修饰限定；thatthat在从句中有成分、在从句中有成分、作宾语时可以省。作宾语时可以省。The news that she passed the exam excited The news that she passed the exam excited her parents.her parents.The
18、news that we know from her excited The news that we know from her excited all of us.all of us.1.1.他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。How was he successful is still a puzzle.()How he was successful is still a puzzle.()2.2.你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？Could you tell me where he lives?()Could you tell me where d
19、oes he live?()F FT TT TF F名词性从句考点归纳名词性从句考点归纳一、名词性从句的语序一、名词性从句的语序T T判断下列句子是否正确，（判断下列句子是否正确，（T or FT or F）陈述语序陈述语序遵循直接引语变间接引遵循直接引语变间接引语的原则语的原则 三三.名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气1.1.宾语从句宾语从句一一“坚持坚持”(insist),二二“命令命令”(order,command),三三“建议建议”(advise,suggest,propose),四四“要求要求”(ask,demand,require,request,desire)另附催促与
20、推荐（urgerecommend）+(that)sb(should)do.或是或是(that)sb/sth(should)be done 我们建议我们建议Tom Tom 去休息一下。去休息一下。他坚持要我与他同行。他坚持要我与他同行。他们要求派他们要求派TomTom去那儿工作。去那儿工作。老师要求作业要及时完成。老师要求作业要及时完成。We suggested _.We suggested _.He insisted He insisted _._.They requested(that)TomThey requested(that)Tom _.(that)Tom(that)Tom have
21、a rest(that)I(that)I(should)go with him(should)be sent(should)be sent to work thereThe teacher asked(that)our homeworkThe teacher asked(that)our homework _.(should)be finished(should)be finished in time2.2.在主语、表语、同位语从句中在主语、表语、同位语从句中这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用should do It is ordered/commanded/sugg
22、ested/advised/requested/required/demanded that (should)do The/Ones insistence/order/command/suggestion/advice/proposal/recommendation/request/requirement/demand/desire is/was that (should)do a/the suggestion/request(等等)that (should)do 主语从句主语从句 表表语从语从句句 同位语从句同位语从句 Its suggested that the planIts sugge
23、sted that the plan(should)be carried out at once.The old womans demand is that her son(should)come to see her once a week.We are in favor of the advice that the factory(should)be closed down.3.wish 3.wish 的宾语从的宾语从句句1.wish 1.wish 的宾语的宾语从句从句与现在事实相反与现在事实相反:一般过去时一般过去时(be 用用were)与过去事实相反与过去事实相反:过去完成时过去完成时
24、与将来事实相反与将来事实相反:would/could+V.原原 shouldI wish II wish I _(be)as tall as Yao Ming.werewereI wish/wished II wish/wished I _(have not)eaten so much watermelon.hadnhadnt tHe wishes he _ He wishes he _(become)a scientist some day.(become)a scientist some day.could/would become could/would become 4.在主语从句中用
25、来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气谓语动词用虚拟语气“(should)+do”,常用的句型有常用的句型有：（1）It is necessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that.（2）It is a pity(a shame,no wonder,etc.)that.1).It is important that we 1).It is important that we _ _(master)a foreign language.2).真奇怪，她竟然拒绝来参加真奇怪，她竟然拒绝来参加p
26、arty。Its _ that she _ to come to the party.3).鸟在树上安歇鸟在树上安歇/休息是很自然的。休息是很自然的。It is _ that a bird _ in trees.(should)(should)mastermaster(should)(should)refuserefusestrangestrangenaturalnatural(should)rest(should)restRemember Remember itita.a.主语从句中主语从句中b.b.表语从句中表语从句中c.c.同位语从句中同位语从句中d.d.介词后的宾语从句中介词后的宾语从
27、句中e.e.Whether后直接跟不定式后直接跟不定式 to do f.f.whether 后紧跟后紧跟or not 引引导宾语从句时不用导宾语从句时不用if.G.用用if会引起歧义时会引起歧义时只用只用whetherwhether不用不用if if 的情况：的情况：四.3.whether和和if的选用的选用 1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3.Were worried about _ he is safe.4.I do
28、nt know _ he is well or not.5.I dont know _ or not he is well.6.The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8.I dont know _ to go.A.if/whether B.if A.if/whether B.if C.Whether D.thatC CA AC CC CA AC CC CC CHomework Homework 完成三维设计完成三维设计,检测试题中的语法练习检测试题中的语法练习
