1、语法难点突破之一语法难点突破之一 动词的时态动词的时态 语法专题突破语法专题突破.The houses were old and small People used to live in old buildings.Pollution was serious,and there was rubbish everywhere.The traffic was not very convenient so that few people came here.Now great changes have taken place in my hometown.The environment has be
2、come more beautiful.The river is clearer and the sky is bluer.Many families have not only color TV sets,but also telephones,fridges,computers,and so on.Many people all have their own cars 1)The houses were old and small.2)People used to live in old buildings.3)Now great changes have taken place in m
3、y hometown.4)people are living a happy life.5)Many people all have their own cars.6)we will have a better life in the future.时态时态一、定义：一、定义：在英语中，在英语中，发生的发生的动作要用不同的动词形式来表动作要用不同的动词形式来表 示，这每一种不同的形式就叫做时态。示，这每一种不同的形式就叫做时态。不同时间不同时间 高中英语高中英语The Father and His SonFather:You know,Tom,when Lincoln _(be)your ag
4、e,he _(be)a very good pupil.In fact,he _(be)the best pupil in his class.Tom:Yes,Father.I _(know)that.But when he _(be)your age,he_(be)President of the United States.waswaswaswaswasknowWho Is the Laziest?Father:Well,Tom,I asked your teacher today,and now I want to ask you a question.Who is the lazies
5、t person in your class?Tom:I dont know,Father.Father:Oh,yes,you do!Think!When the other boys and girls are reading and writing,who sits in class and only watches how the other people work?Tom:Our teacher,father.现在现在过去过去将来将来过去将来过去将来一般一般一般现在一般现在时时一般过去一般过去时时一般将来一般将来时时一般过去一般过去将来时将来时进行进行现在进行现在进行时时过去进行过去进
6、行时时完成完成现在完成现在完成时时过去完成过去完成时时将来完成将来完成时时完成进行完成进行 现在完成现在完成进行时进行时过去完成过去完成进行时进行时体体时时态态时时He works.He worked.He will work.He would work.He is working.He was working.He will be working.He would be working.He has worked.He had worked.He will have worked.He would have worked.He has been working.He had been wor
7、king.He will have been working.He would have been working.动词时态的掌握可以分为动词时态的掌握可以分为两个部分，首先要熟练掌两个部分，首先要熟练掌握八种基本时态，即握八种基本时态，即一般一般现在时、现在进行时、一现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、过去进行时、般过去时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成时、过去完成时、一般将来时和过去将来时一般将来时和过去将来时。在熟练掌握这八种基本时在熟练掌握这八种基本时态基础上，就能比较容易态基础上，就能比较容易的掌握另外的几种较为复的掌握另外的几种较为复杂的时态，还可以很容易杂的时态，还可以
8、很容易理解这些时态所表达的意理解这些时态所表达的意思以及掌握其用法思以及掌握其用法 语态语态时态时态etc.主动主动一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时一般将来时.过去将来时过去将来时过去完成时过去完成时现在完成时现在完成时将来完成时将来完成时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时v./v.s/esVed/不规则动词不规则动词will+v/be going to+vwould+v.had+Vp.phave/has+Vp.pwill have+Vp.pam/is/are+Vingwas/were+Ving概念概念：常用时间状语常用时间状语：构成形式构成形式：1.一般现在时态一般现
9、在时态(The Simple Present Tense)表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作或表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作或状态。状态。do /does(三单三单)every day,always,usually,often,sometimes,on Sundays,three times a day,etcExercise 1.Who _(dance)best in your class?2.Students usually _(have)ten minutes rest between two classes.danceshave 一般现在时的用法一般现在时的用法2 2）客观真理，客观存在，科学
10、事实或表示格言或客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警句。警句。Knowledge _(begin)with practice.She said that the sea water_(be)salty.beginsis1 1 一般现在时的用法一般现在时的用法 3 3）按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事。按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事。此时句中有时有将来的时间状语，但不用将来时此时句中有时有将来的时间状语，但不用将来时此时主主语是物：车，船，飞机等此时主主语是物：车，船，飞机等 The train leaves at three this afternoon.4 4）在时间、条
11、件、方式、让步状语从句中，用在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将时一般现在时代替一般将时.(when,before,if,as soon.(when,before,if,as soon as,unlessas,unless【主将从现主将从现】If it is fine tomorrow,we will go to the countryside.如果明天不下雨，我们将去野营。如果明天不下雨，我们将去野营。1)If it _ (rain)tomorrow,well go on a picnic.2)We _ (begin)our class as soon as the t
12、eacher _(come)3）We dont know if it _(rain)tomorrow.If it _(rain)tomorrow,well not go for a picnic.doesnt rainwill begincomeswill rain rains概念概念：常用时间状语常用时间状语：构成形式构成形式：2.一般过去时态一般过去时态(The Simple Past Tense)表示过去某个时间发生的动表示过去某个时间发生的动 作或存在的状态作或存在的状态V+edyesterday,just now,last,in 1945,at that time;once;a fe
13、w days ago;when,etcExercise 1.I _(find)my ruler in my desk .found2.We and _(see)lots of birds _(fly)over the trees.3.A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.(2015全国全国II卷改错卷改错)flyingsawfive minutes agolooked uptold 一般过去时的注意点一般过去时的注意点:1、当没有明显的时间状语时、当没有明显的时间状语时,描述几个相继发生描述几个相继发生过的动
14、作过的动作I always got up too late,washed my face,had a quick breakfast and hurried to school.2、since从句中常用一般过去时从句中常用一般过去时You havent changed much since we last _(meet).met3.一般将来时1.1.一般将来时表示计划、打算、企图做某事或来注一般将来时表示计划、打算、企图做某事或来注定要发生的事情。定要发生的事情。2.2.表示将来时的四种形式表示将来时的四种形式will/shall+will/shall+动词原形动词原形be going to
15、do be going to do be about to do(be about to do(正要干什么正要干什么)be to dobe to do3.常用时间状语常用时间状语：tomorrow,in three days，this,next,soon,etc.4 4be about to do be about to do 表示表示“正要干什么正要干什么”，表示即将发生的动作，表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用不与表示将来的时间状语连用。常与常与when when 连用，连用，when when 此时意思：此时意思：就在这时，是并列连就在这时，是并列连词词 构成句型：构成句型：
16、be about to do be about to do whenwhen.I I was about to was about to leave leave when when it rained.it rained.Exercise will be1)The radio says that it _ (be)sunny tomorrow.2)It is reported that a space station _(built)on the moon in years to come.(2015安微卷改编安微卷改编)will be built 考点一：一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或
17、条件状语从句的主句中：We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.（主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。）考点二：某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive,come,go,leave,start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.4.过去将来时态过去将来时态用法：1.表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态；2.用于宾语从句中，当主句中是过去时态时，从句中的一般将来时就变成过去将来时。He said that he would wait for us
18、 at the station.他说他要在车站等我们。1)At college,Barack Obama didnt know that he _(become)the first black president of America.2)he promised that he _(join)us,but he hasnt turned up at the party.5.现在进行时态现在进行时态(The Present Continuous Tense)概念概念：常用时间状语常用时间状语：表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作构成形式构成形式：1）“What are t
19、hey doing?”“They _ ready for the sports meeting.”(get)2）Hurry up,kids!The school bus _(wait)for us.(2013四川高考)are gettingis waiting概念概念：常用时间状语常用时间状语：构成形式构成形式：6.过去进行时态过去进行时态(The Past Continuous Tense)表示过去某一时刻或某一时间表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段段正在正在发生的动作。发生的动作。was/were+doinga.at this time yesterday,from seven to nine
20、last night,at that moment,etcb.When引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句I was reading a book when Jim called.c.While 引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句The UFO took off while the man was taking photos.1)She _(phone)someone,so I nodded to her and went away.2)The telephone _(ring),but by the time I got indoors,It stopped.3)He_(look)out
21、of the window when the match_(begin).was phoningwas ringingwas lookingbeganA.概念概念：构成形式构成形式：7.现在完成时态现在完成时态(The Present Perfect Tense)发生在过去且对现在仍有影响发生在过去且对现在仍有影响 的动作的动作,强调对现在的影响强调对现在的影响.have/has+done常用时间状语常用时间状语：already,just,before,yet,never,ever,lately(最近）;recently（最近）,up to now（直到现在）;so far（到目前为止）,th
22、ese days,in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years;etc.1.Can you go to the movies with me tonight?Sorry,I cant.I_ my homework yet.2.-I _how to make dumplings before.I can teach you how to make them.have learnedhavent finishedB.1.表示某个动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，有可能在表示某个动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，有可能在将来还
23、要延续。将来还要延续。2.主语主语+has/have+done+for/since I have taught English for 21 years.since 1992 since I graduated from the university.He has been away from his home for 40 years.3.动词必须动词必须为可延续性动词为可延续性动词leave=be away from begin=be on arrive=be inborrow=keep buy=have 译下列句子：译下列句子：、这本书他买了一年了、这本书他买了一年了 4、这本书他借了三
24、天了。这本书他借了三天了。5、我们离开广州六年了。、我们离开广州六年了。He has bought this book for a year.He has had this book for a year.He has borrowed the book for three days.He has kept the book for 3 days.We Guangzhou for 6 years.We Guangzhou for 6 years.短暂性动词不能跟表示一段时间的状语短暂性动词不能跟表示一段时间的状语连用连用,必须转变成持续性动词必须转变成持续性动词C.1.Has/have+bee
25、n to(曾经到过某地曾经到过某地，人已回来，人已回来)I have been to Hangzhou many times.2.Has/have+gone to(去了某地去了某地，人在路上或在目的，人在路上或在目的地）地）Where is Mr.Green?He has gone to London.D：表示“第几次做某事，”或在“It is the best(worst,most interesting)+名词 that”后面跟现在完成时。例：Its the first time that I have been here.This is my first time that I had
26、visited China.(改错）.概念概念：常用时间状语常用时间状语：构成形式构成形式：8.8.过去完成时过去完成时:(The Past PerfectTense):(The Past PerfectTense)主语主语+had doneby the end of last year,by,before+过去的时过去的时间点间点,by the time等引导的状语丛句中，表等引导的状语丛句中，表示主句的动作发生在从句之前。示主句的动作发生在从句之前。表示在过去某一时刻前已完成的表示在过去某一时刻前已完成的动作。也称动作。也称“过去的过去过去的过去”过去完成时的注意点过去完成时的注意点:用于
27、用于宾词从句宾词从句中，当主句的谓语动词中，当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时是一般过去时时,一定要注意宾语从句一定要注意宾语从句中的时态变化。中的时态变化。He said that he _the film many times.had seen 考点二：用于hardly/scarcely.when(刚一.就.);no sooner.than(一.就.)句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。eg:(1)I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.(2)I had no sooner got into the room than
28、it began to snow.(3)No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang.（注意主谓倒装）9.现在完成进行时态S+has/have been doing We have been learning English for an hour.General exercises1.I (have)this book for 2 weeks.have hadare planted2.Every year,many trees (plant)along the river.3.Keep quiet,please!They (have
29、)a lesson.are having4.-Hi,Lin Tao.I didnt see you at the party.-Oh,I (get)ready for the exam.was getting5.Tom (go)to bed early，but his brother doesnt.6.Listen!Jims radio (make)a loudnoise.Would you please tell him to turn it down?goesis making5.-Where is Liu Mei?-She_(go)home.4.-Where is your father
30、?-He _(watch)TV in the room.7.He asked what they_(do)at eight last night.were doing8.I know that he _(join)the army in1985.joined6.We dont know if it _(rain)tomorrow.If it _(rain)tomorrow,well not go for a picnic.is watchingwill rainrainshas gone9.Hes not hungry.He_ just_(have)lunch.11.-_the Blacks
31、_(visit)the Great Wall before?-Yes,they_.-When _they _(visit)it?-Only a month ago.10.Im sure he _(work)it out in one hour.has will workHave had visited havedid visit WritingWrite an article about your hometown,tell us the past,the present and the future题目：The Changes in My Hometown 过去：生活贫困，房屋破旧，污染严重
32、，垃圾遍地，交通不便，游客很少。现在：生活：住房宽敞，明亮。许多人有自己的汽车 环境：山更绿，水更清，天更蓝 旅游：每年有成千上万来自各地的游客 将来：请你展望家乡的未来 120字左右 The Changes in My Hometown In the past,my hometown was not very big,people lived a poor life.The houses were old and small.Pollution was serious,and there was rubbish everywhere.the traffic was not very conv
33、enient that so few people came here.Now great changes have taken place in my hometown.The environment has become more beautiful.The mountains are all green,the river clearer and the sky bluer.Many people all have their own cars and have a happy life everyday.And now,every year,thousands of people from all over the world come to visit our hometown.My hometown becomes more and more famous.Im sure my hometown will become better and better in the future.
