1、1.1 NVH Overview NVH 概论Ford Motor Company Vehicle Attributes Engineering福特汽车公司整车设计部门Vehicle NVH AwarenessJ.Juan/M.Haffey1What is NVH?什么是NVH呢？Noise-what the customer hears 噪声-指的是顾客所能听到的声音 Sound mainly in the 20HZ10000HZ frequency range.声音的频率大体上在20赫兹到10000赫兹之间。Characterized by frequency,level and qual
2、ity.通过频率、级别和音质来描述。Vibration-What the customer fells and sees.振动-指的是顾客所感觉到的和看到的。Motion sensed by the body mainly in the 0.5HZ50HZ frequency range.身体所能感知运动的频率范围通常在0.5赫兹到50赫兹之间。Characterized by frequency,level and direction.通过频率、振幅和方向来描述。Harshness-Combined effects of noise and vibration 不舒适性-指的是噪声和振动的综
3、合影响。Rough,grating or discordant sensations.粗野的，刺耳的或不和谐的感觉。Vehicle NVH Awareness1.1 NVH Overview2NVH must fulfill legal requirements.NVH必须满足法定的要求。NVH should provide the acoustical/tactile feedback for safe and confident driving.NVH应该使乘员在驾驶方面有安全和自信的感觉。Link to operating conditions.在各种操作环境。Connection to
4、 earth.在各种路面。NVH should avoid any negative perception.NVH应该避免任何不好的感觉。unpleasant,unrefined,unexpected,and annoying events.令人不愉快的，粗俗的，意料之外的和令人讨厌的事情。NVH can exceed customer expectations.NVH应该能超过顾客的期望值。Vehicle NVH Awareness1.1 NVH Overview3NVH ObjectivesNVH的目标NVH link to customer satisfactionNVH反映了消费者满意
5、的程度TGRPress review(examples)TGR媒体评论（例如）“Fiesta has a surprisingly quiet&well refined engine”“Fiesta有一台令人惊讶的安静而且舒适的发动机”“F150 ride is smooth quiet with the 4.6 L”“F150乘坐舒适安静的4.6升发动机汽车”TGRThings Gone Wrong 20%30%of TGW is NVH related.TGR所抱怨的事情 20%30%抱怨的产生都是与NVH有关系的。Vehicle NVH Awareness1.1 NVH Overview
6、4NVH RelatedOtherVehicle NVH Awareness1.1 NVH Overview5NVH Links to Company ProfitNVH关系着公司的利益1529%of warranty cost has noise as a condition code.1529%的保修的费用是花费在与噪声有关的。1994 model year,36MIS,warranty cost associated with all noise was$346 million 18%of total warranty.94年型车，3年的在用车，在噪声方面的保修费用 是3.46亿美元占总
7、费用的18%。NoiseAssociatedWarrantyOtherWarrantyVehicle NVH Awareness1.1 NVH Overview6NVH Links to Company Profit NVH关系着公司的利益NVH Prototype cost reduction opportunity.COMBINED COST BREAKDOWN PROTOTYPE COST CONTRIBUTION 综合成本明细综合成本明细 样机花费的组成样机花费的组成 (TASE+SAFETY+NVH)（TASE+安全设备安全设备+NVH）41%25%16%9%2%7%PROTOTYP
8、ESLABORTESTCPUPROTO/MATLOTHER0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%TOTALATTRIBUTECOSTSAFETYTASENVHATTRIBUTESTotal Cost=$303M (Base on TASE,Safety,NVH Cost of Attribute Studies总支出=3.03亿美元 （基于TASE，安全，NVH的研究费用）Vehicle NVH Awareness1.1 NVH Overview7Sound Generation Mechanism产生噪声的原理Multiple mechanisms generate a variab
9、ility of vehicle sound.汽车所产生噪声的原理是多种多样的。Combustion Airflow,pumping燃烧 气流，进排气Impacts between components Airflow,turbulences零件之间的撞击 气流，(液体或气体的)紊乱Friction contact of components Surface roughness构件之间的摩擦 粗糙的表面Rotating parts Unbalance masses 旋转的部件 不平衡块Flow in pipes Tire force variation在管中的流动 轮胎压力的变化Vehicle
10、 NVH Awareness1.1 NVH Overview8Vehicle Sounds汽车的噪声Combustion noise wind noise Gear rattle Bearing knock燃烧的噪声 风的噪声 齿轮传动的声音 轴承的敲击声Diesel knocking Sunroof noise Gear whine Electric windows柴油机的敲击声 遮阳顶棚的噪声 齿轮的声音 电动窗的噪声Valve train Door slam Gear lever tizz Tire noise 气阀机构的噪声 门的砰的声音 变速杆换档的噪声 轮胎的噪声FEAD nois
11、e Central locking Driveline clonk Exhaust noise FEAD噪声 中央门锁的噪声 动力传动系统的噪声 排气噪声PAS noise Switch noise Driveline thrash Squeaks and rattles动力转向系统的声音 开关的噪声 动力传动系统的噪声 吱吱声和喀嚓声Fuel pump noise Indicator ticking Road noise Water splash noise 燃油泵的噪声 指示器的滴答声 道路的噪声 水溅的噪声Alternator whine Windscreen wipe noise Im
12、pact harshness Intake noise 交流发电机的噪声 挡风玻璃的噪声 撞击振动声 通风口的噪声Vehicle NVH Awareness1.1 NVH Overview9NVH PhenomenaNVH现象OPERATING CONDITION操作环境DESCRIPTION描述SOURCE 资源Pass-ByDecelerationCruiseAccelerationIdleStaring Boom Rumble Growl Whine Rattle SquealHissEngine Transmission Exhaust/intake Road Wind TireVeh
13、icle NVH Awareness1.1 NVH Overview10Vehicle Noise Examples 汽车的噪声举例Wind Noise(80 mph HST)-1/12th Octave Spectrum.风的噪声（80英里每小时的高速试验）1/12倍频程分贝频率Vehicle NVH Awareness1.1 NVH Overview11Vehicle Noise Examples汽车噪声举例Road Noise(40mph Rough Rd.)-Narrow Spectrum.道路噪声（40英里每小时在粗糙路面之上）-窄频。Vehicle NVH Awareness1.1
14、 NVH Overview12Vehicle Noise Examples汽车噪声举例Power Noise(WOT)-Loudness&speech Intelligibility.动力系统噪声（WOT）-响度以及说话的清晰度Vehicle NVH Awareness1.1 NVH Overview13Subjective Impression主观感受Created by the brain based on:建立在头脑感觉的基础之上：database,data analysis “This sounds like an engine”资料库，数据分析 “这种噪声如同一台发动机”experi
15、ence “I have head a variety of engines”经验 “我听到了发动机的声音”bias “has never built good engines”偏见 “从来没有生产过好的发动机”Company uses VERS to produce consistent ratings.公司用定额指标的方法生产产品。Engineering Rating Index工程额定指标Evaluation of attribute Performance品质性能评价Customer Satisfaction(for this attribute)消费者的满意度（对于品质方面）Impr
16、ovement Desired by渴望得到改进的人3Not acceptable 不能接受的Very Dissatisfied很不满意All Customers所有的消费者6acceptable 可以接受的Fairly Well Satisfied还算感到满意Critical Customers爱挑剔的顾客 10Excellent优秀Completely Satisfied完全满意Not Perceptible很少的顾客Vehicle NVH Awareness1.1 NVH Overview14Subjective/Objective Correlation主观与客观的相互关系Object
17、ive measure is required for target setting/cascading.客观的方法需要满足目标的设置和层次。Vehicle NVH Awareness1.1 NVH Overview15Road NVH Target Cascade道路NVH目标层次Road NVH(1)Body Acoustic&Vibration sensitivities(4)Airborne Noise(3)Structure borne NVH(2)Suspension ForceInput in Body(5)Point Mobiles(8)Body Modes(9)Body St
18、ructure(10)Panel Damping&Noise Isolation(11)Seat VibrationTransmissibility(12)Seat modes(13)Sleeping columnVIB Sensitivity(14)Power train modes(15)Body/Frame/Sub frame Force Transmissibility(16)Suspension ForceTransmissibility(19)Body/Frame/Sub frame Mounts(17)Frame/Sub frame Modes(18)Suspension Mou
19、nts(20)Suspension Friction/sticktion(21)Shock Damping(22)Suspension Geometry(23)Road/Tire Contact force(26)Tire Properties(27)Tire Pressure(28)Tire Size/Aspect Ratio(29)Tire Modes(30)Wheel Modes(31)Strut Modes(30)Imbalance Force(32)Sound PackageNoise Reduction(6)Tire Radiated Noise(7)Barrier Transmi
20、ssion Loss(33)Absorption(42)Carpet(43)Seat Material(44)Headliner(45)Wheelhouse(38)Floor(39)Side Panel(40)Glass(41)Lockage(34)Area ofHoles(pass-Through)(35)Wheel Modes(36)Vehicle NVH Awareness1.1 NVH Overview16Road NVH Design Guidelines道路NVH设计指导Reduce body noise transfer functions(0.01Pa/N)减少车身传递的噪声(
21、0.01Pa/N)。Design interior cavity nodal point at passengers head position.在乘客头的位置设计通风口。Reduce suspension force input to body.减少输入车体的中止力量。Increase seat isolation above 6 Hz(transmissibility0.5mm/s/N).增大座椅在 6 赫兹以上的隔绝.(能传递5:1).增加车身附件刚性/衬套刚性比(5:1)。Assure good modal separation.保证好的模态分离。-separate major bod
22、y modes and acoustic cavities.分离主要的车体模态和有声音的。-separate body modes from suspension modes.分离车体模式中的悬挂部分。-separate wheel modes from tire modes.把车轮和车胎分离开来。Reduce tire/wheel unbalance and tire radiated noise.减少车胎/轮不平衡性和车胎的辐射噪声。Vehicle NVH Awareness1.1 NVH Overview17Vehicle Attributes Compatibility车辆的兼容特性V
23、ehicle NVH Awareness1.1 NVH Overview18Course Expected Outcomes课程预期的结果1.Understanding and appreciation of each major systems influence on NVH.2.理解和正确评价各个主要系统对NVH的影响。3.Understanding of design concept and guidelines for NVH and their 4.trade-offs with other vehicle attributes.5.理解NVH的设计观念和指导方法以及其和车辆其它属
24、性的协调。6.Understanding of engineering best practices and appropriate NVH tools/methods.7.理解工程中最好的常用的和适当的NVH设备/方法。8.Recognizing company expects and contact person for future assistance.9.理解公司的期望和认识以后有帮助的人。Vehicle NVH Awareness1.1 NVH Overview19NVH DepartmentsNVH部门 Department 部门Manager管理人员Profs教授Vehicle
25、 NVH 车辆NVHTom LahvicTLAHVICSystem NVH 系统NVHRon QuagliaRQUAGLIAVehicle NVH Europe 车辆欧洲NVHKarl-Heinz BurgerKBUERGERP/T NVH&CAE P/T NVH&计算机辅助教学 Mike RaoMRAOSqueak&Rattle Gary BoesGBOESCAE NVH 计算机辅助教学NVHMike HaffeyMHAFFEYACD，CC Subsystem ACD，CC 子系统John BuschJBUSCHACD，CC Technology ACD，CC工艺John BarkleyJB
26、ARKLEYVehicle NVH Awareness1.1 NVH Overview20Course Outlines课程概要Day1 第一天 -Introduction to NVH,Basic NVH Concepts,DOE.介绍NVH，初步了解NVH的概念，能源部。-Sound Quality Engineering.噪声质量工程。-R202,Target Setting Strategies.R202,设定目标策略。Day2 第二天 -P/T NVH.-P/T systems NVH.vEngine,Accessory NVH.发动机，附加件NVH。vAxle,Gear Noise
27、,Rattle,Clunk.车轴，齿轮传动噪声，嘎嘎声和沉闷的金属声。vInduction Noise.进气噪声。Vehicle NVH Awareness1.1 NVH Overview21Course Outlines(Contd）课程概要(续)1.Day3 第三天2.-Road NVH.3.-道路VNH。4.-Chassis NVH,Brake Roughness.5.-底盘NVH,制动粗暴。6.-Squeak&Rattle.7.-尖叫声和卡吱声。8.Day4 -Vehicle Drive/Demonstration.9.第四天 -车辆驾驶/示范。10.Day5 第五天11.-Body NVH12.-车身NVH13.-Wind Noise14.-风的噪声
