1、语法专题突破 动词和动词短语命题点命题点1 动词语境辨析动词语境辨析命题点命题点2 动词填空动词填空命题点命题点3 动词短语动词短语考向一考向一 实义动词实义动词（8年年13考）考）实义动词表示动作或状态，可在句中独立作谓实义动词表示动作或状态，可在句中独立作谓语。实义动词辨析是衡阳中考考查重点。语。实义动词辨析是衡阳中考考查重点。中考常考动词列举：中考常考动词列举：A：answer回答回答 agree同意；赞成同意；赞成 achieve达到；完成达到；完成 appear出现出现 argue争吵争吵 avoid避免避免B：become成为；变成成为；变成 begin开始开始 blow吹；刮风吹
2、；刮风 borrow借（入）借（入）bring带来带来 burn烧毁烧毁C：call打电话打电话 cancel取消取消 care关心关心 carry 拿；携带拿；携带 catch捉住；抓住捉住；抓住 celebrate庆祝；庆贺庆祝；庆贺 climb爬，攀登爬，攀登 come来来 compare比较比较 continue持续持续 cost花费花费 cross横过；越过横过；越过D：deal处理处理 decide决定决定 depend决定决定 develop成长，发展成长，发展 do做做 drink喝喝E：eat吃吃 encourage鼓励鼓励 end结束结束 enjoy享受享受 explain
3、解释；说明解释；说明 express表达；表露表达；表露F：fall跌倒；掉落跌倒；掉落 find发现发现 follow遵循；跟随遵循；跟随G：get获得；到达获得；到达 give提供；给提供；给 guess猜测；估计猜测；估计H：happen发生发生 hear听听L：last持续持续 laugh笑；发笑笑；发笑 leave离开离开 lead领导领导 live居住；生活居住；生活 like喜欢喜欢M：make使成为；制造使成为；制造 mean意思是意思是 mind介意；关心介意；关心 miss怀念；思念怀念；思念 mix混合混合 move移动移动 help帮助；援助帮助；援助 hold拥有；抓
4、住拥有；抓住 hope希望希望 hurry匆忙；赶快匆忙；赶快I：imagine想象；设想想象；设想 influence影响影响 invent发明；创造发明；创造K：keep保存；保持保存；保持 kill杀死；弄死杀死；弄死 kick踢；踹；踢（腿）踢；踹；踢（腿）knock敲；击敲；击 know知道；了解知道；了解 praise表扬；赞扬表扬；赞扬 produce生产，制造生产，制造 provide提供，给予提供，给予 put放放R：return归还；返回归还；返回 refuse拒绝拒绝 read读读 relax放松放松 realize理解；领会理解；领会 run跑跑 raise募集；征集募
5、集；征集N：need需要需要 nod点头点头 notice注意到；意识到注意到；意识到O：offer主动提出主动提出 open开；打开开；打开 order点菜；命令点菜；命令P：pass给；递给；递 plan计划计划 play参加；玩耍参加；玩耍 pollute污染污染 practice练习练习 smile笑；微笑笑；微笑 stand站立站立 stop停止停止T：take拿；取拿；取 talk谈话谈话 teach教教 touch触摸触摸 trust相信；信任相信；信任 turn转动；转变转动；转变U：understand理解，懂理解，懂 unite统一；联合，团结统一；联合，团结 use用，使
6、用用，使用 regret感到遗憾感到遗憾 remain保持不变保持不变 recycle回收利用回收利用 reduce减少；减轻减少；减轻S：save救；救助救；救助 seem好像；似乎好像；似乎 send邮寄；发送邮寄；发送 shake摇动，抖动摇动，抖动 share分享分享 show给给看；展示看；展示【现学现用现学现用】1.The grades of PE in our schools grading system will be increased to _ 70 points in order to students physical quality.A.promiseB.improv
7、eC.keep2.For our own safety,its important to _ the traffic rules on the way to school.A.followB.changeC.breakBAV：value重视；珍视重视；珍视 visit拜访；参观拜访；参观W：wait等待；等候等待；等候 wake弄醒弄醒 walk行走行走 work工作工作 worry担心，担忧担心，担忧 write写作；写字写作；写字更多动词见更多动词见32K32K字词句篇记背手册字词句篇记背手册5.If you always _（比较）（比较）yourself with others,you
8、 may have tons of pressure.6.Some students dont _(意识到意识到)the importance of study until they leave school.7.Father wont _（允许）（允许）us to touch anything in his room when he is away.He thinks that we may break something parerealizeallow3.Can you help me _ those exercise books?I got a different number eac
9、h time.A.carry B.move C.count4.You must be more careful and _（避（避 免）免）the same mistakes youve ever made.Cavoid考向二考向二 近义动词近义动词（2012.39，2011.36）分析衡阳近分析衡阳近8年中考真题可知，近义动词辨年中考真题可知，近义动词辨析在完形填空中考查过析在完形填空中考查过2次，分别为：说（次，分别为：说（say,tell与与speak）、花费（）、花费（take，cost与与spend）。）。初中常见的近义动词辨析如下：初中常见的近义动词辨析如下：8.I heard t
10、he manager _（提供）（提供）George a good job,but he refused it.9.She _（讨厌）（讨厌）the smell of sticky tofu.She cant understand why some people like eating it.offerhates四个四个“花花费费”spend主语为人，表示花费时间或金钱，主语为人，表示花费时间或金钱，常用于常用于sb.spend.on/(in)doing sth.cost主语为物，表示某物花费多少钱主语为物，表示某物花费多少钱take常用于固定句型常用于固定句型“It takes一段时一段时间
11、间to do sth.”，表示花费一段时间表示花费一段时间做某事做某事pay主语为人，与介词主语为人，与介词for连用连用四四个个“说说”speak作及物动词时后常接表示语言的名词作及物动词时后常接表示语言的名词或表示或表示“说，讲述说，讲述”say强调说的内容强调说的内容talk不及物动词，其后常跟介词不及物动词，其后常跟介词to和和with，意为意为“同同谈话谈话”tell告诉。常与告诉。常与a story/stories连用，意为连用，意为“讲故事讲故事”五五个个“拿拿”bring带来，拿来。表示拿到靠近说话人带来，拿来。表示拿到靠近说话人的地方的地方take拿走，带走。表示拿到远离说话
12、人拿走，带走。表示拿到远离说话人的地方的地方carry扛、搬、用力移动，没有方向扛、搬、用力移动，没有方向fetch/get 去取，去拿。表示往返拿东西去取，去拿。表示往返拿东西四四个个“看看”watch强调强调“聚精会神地看；注视聚精会神地看；注视”。watch TV/movies看电视看电视/电影电影look强调强调“看看”的动作，是不及物动词，后的动作，是不及物动词，后面需加介词面需加介词at才能跟宾语才能跟宾语see强调强调“看看”的结果的结果read强调强调“读读”。read newspapers/books看看报纸报纸/书书三个三个“到到达达”getget to地点名词地点名词re
13、ach及物动词，后面直接跟地点名词及物动词，后面直接跟地点名词arrive in大地点；大地点；at小地点小地点三三个个“借借”borrow非延续性动词，表示主语借入，常非延续性动词，表示主语借入，常用搭配用搭配borrow sth.from sb.lend非延续性动词，表示主语借出，常非延续性动词，表示主语借出，常用搭配用搭配lend sth.to sb.keep延续性动词，表示长时间的借延续性动词，表示长时间的借三三个个“参参加加”join加入加入“党派党派”或或“组织组织”take part in参加聚会或活动参加聚会或活动attend出席会议。出席会议。attend the meeti
14、ng参会参会三三个个“穿穿”dressdress sb.给某人穿衣服给某人穿衣服dress sb.up打扮某人打扮某人put on穿上、戴上，强调动作穿上、戴上，强调动作wear穿着、戴着，强调状态穿着、戴着，强调状态【现学现用现学现用】10.The police are trying to _ how the accident happened.A.look for B.findC.find out11.How nice your watch is!How much did you _ for it?A.pay B.costC.spendCA二个二个“找找”look for强调寻找的过程强调
15、寻找的过程find强调寻找的结果。强调寻找的结果。find out查明，发查明，发现现二个二个“听听”listen to强调听的动作。强调听的动作。listen to music听音听音乐乐hear强调听的结果强调听的结果二个二个“赢赢”beat后接某人或某支队伍后接某人或某支队伍win后接荣誉、地位、比赛等后接荣誉、地位、比赛等14.When we make up our mind to face all the difficulties,we have _ half of the battle.A.beatenB.wonC.failed15.Linda is very friendly.S
16、he never _ a bad word about others.A.speaksB.saysC.tellsBB12.There was something wrong with the line.We couldnt _ each other clearly.A.listen to B.hearC.talk13.I _ an article about first aid.It is really helpful in our daily life.A.readB.watchedC.sawBA【现学现用现学现用】16.Wow,who is cooking in the kitchen?I
17、t _ so nice.17.Tom is ill in hospital today,and his voice _ weak.smellssoundstaste sound smell feel look考向三考向三 感官动词感官动词（2015.38）词汇词汇常用搭配常用搭配smellThe air smells fresh.The flowers smell sweet.tasteThe food tastes delicious/sweet/salty/sour.feelThe cloth feels smooth/soft.sound Her voice sounds sweet/w
18、eak/beautiful.lookThe girl looks young/old/beautiful.20.The oranges _ sweet.They are from Yongxing,Chenzhou.21.This scarf is beautiful and it _ soft and smooth.tastefeels18.There are many blouses in the store.The one with a flower _ more beautiful.19.Malta _ like a great place for a relaxing holiday
19、.lookssounds24.After knowing she won the first prize,Judy _ very happy.A.sounded B.smelt C.looked25.How beautiful the square is!You cant _(想象想象)that it was a place to store rubbish five years ago.26.Please _(share)happiness with your friend.You can certainly obtain two joys.Cimagineshare22.Its repor
20、ted that Chinese _ more than 40 minutes a day reading on WeChat.A.spendB.costC.pay23.Shirley is a funny girl.She loves to _ jokes to friends around her.A.speak B.say C.tell综合提升综合提升AC命题点命题点2 动词填空动词填空考法精讲考法精讲 衡阳中考中，用动词填空主要涉及单词拼写衡阳中考中，用动词填空主要涉及单词拼写和综合填空两种题型，且均为每空填一词型。单和综合填空两种题型，且均为每空填一词型。单词拼写词拼写5 5年年7
21、7考，综合填空考，综合填空1010小题中小题中3 3小题考查动小题考查动词。针对此类试题，考生需要分析句子结构，弄词。针对此类试题，考生需要分析句子结构，弄清所缺成分，并熟悉动词的相关变形。常见变形清所缺成分，并熟悉动词的相关变形。常见变形具体如下：具体如下：27.Despite winning the title,their last game ended in great _(disappoint)28.The _(act)of the movie were celebrating their success in Beijing.29.The guests praised Mario a
22、nd his sister because they _(behave)well in the party.disappointmentactorsbehaved考向二考向二 与时态相关的变形与时态相关的变形 在一般现在时中在一般现在时中,主语为复数时主语为复数时,谓语动谓语动词用原形。如词用原形。如:The red roses smell sweet.变单三形式变单三形式(2013.62)1.在一般现在时中，主语为第三人称单数在一般现在时中，主语为第三人称单数时。如：时。如：考向一考向一 与语态相关的变形与语态相关的变形（2017.64，2016.64，2015.63）在被动语态中，动词需要
23、变成过去分词形式。答题在被动语态中，动词需要变成过去分词形式。答题时，当空格前出现时，当空格前出现bebe动词时，需首先考虑是否考查被动词时，需首先考虑是否考查被动语态。判断是不是被动语态，需要根据主语跟动词动语态。判断是不是被动语态，需要根据主语跟动词的关系。的关系。讲解详见专题十二讲解详见专题十二 动词的语态动词的语态如：如：Shirts and ties are given to fathers as gifts on Fathers Day.变过去式变过去式（2014.62）在一般过去时中，动词需要变成过去式，在一般过去时中，动词需要变成过去式，句中一般会出现跟过去相关的时间状语，如句
24、中一般会出现跟过去相关的时间状语，如yesterday，last night等，或者是已知时态属等，或者是已知时态属于过去时态。如：于过去时态。如：The water felt cool when I jumped into the pool.The girl has her own idea about this matter.2.在在if引导的条件句中，且主语为第三人引导的条件句中，且主语为第三人称单数时。如：称单数时。如：If it rains tomorrow，we wont go hiking.3.用于现在完成时中。如：用于现在完成时中。如：The famous writer has
25、 written two new books in the past three years.While Mr.Johnson was working,his son was doing his homework.3.在句中作主语时。如：在句中作主语时。如：Getting up late isnt good.变不定式（填动词原形）变不定式（填动词原形）1.在动词不定式符号在动词不定式符号to之后。如：之后。如：She is afraid to cross the street.考向三考向三 变非谓语变非谓语 动词变现在分词动词变现在分词(2017.57)1.所给动词之前有所给动词之前有what
26、/how about、avoid、consider、would you mind、enjoy或者介词等时。如：或者介词等时。如：What about practicing swimming？2.在在be动词之后表示进行时。如：动词之后表示进行时。如：and,or等并列连词连接的谓语动词或等并列连词连接的谓语动词或非谓语动词成分在形式和数上应保持一非谓语动词成分在形式和数上应保持一致。致。意意注注2.在在had better,would rather或或why not/why dont you.?等结构中。如：等结构中。如：Why not make a snowman?1.在一些固定搭配中。如：
27、在一些固定搭配中。如：With the development of science and technology,people live a better life.2.在系动词之后作表语时。如：在系动词之后作表语时。如：Lao She is a great writer.3.在句中作主语时。如：在句中作主语时。如：Three workers in our factory were praised.更多动词词性转换见更多动词词性转换见32K32K字词句篇记背字词句篇记背手册手册考向四考向四 动词词性转换动词词性转换 变形容词变形容词 1.所给动词在系动词之后作表语时。如所给动词在系动词之后作
28、表语时。如:My pen is broken.2.在名词之前作定语时。如在名词之前作定语时。如:This is such an interesting movie.变名词变名词32.(2016年年64题题)Sometimes the meaning can change,depending on the country where it is _(说说)33.(2015年年65题题)At noon,the headmaster and other teachers order a special lunch and _(招待招待)it to the student.34.(2013年年62题题
29、)In China,it _(取决于取决于)on where you are.spokentreatdepends30.(2017年年51题题)As Chinese students,we must know something about a great man c_ Zheng He.31.(2017年年52题题)At that time,the compass p_ an important role in his sailing.衡阳8年真题面对面综合提升综合提升alledlayed36.(2017年年60题题)When I knew there was going to _ a fr
30、ee meal of hotpot to welcome the new students,I was so excited that I went to the canteen quickly.37.(2017年年64题题)Chinese huo guo is _ (write)in two wordshot pot;and hotpot,one word,is a traditional English dish.bewritten35.(2017年年57题题)But after _(have)three days of hamburgers,sandwiches and potatoes
31、,I thought none could be more delicious than Chinese food,especially my favoritehuo guo.having41.My family are looking forward to _ (live)in the new house.42.Why not _(try)going to Sanniang Bay by boat for a change?43.They _(eat)up all the food,but they still felt hungry.livingtryate38.I am so busy
32、these days that I cant accept your _(邀请邀请)to your birthday party.39.A new school in our town was _ (found)by a rich man several years ago.40.The young man wanted to make more money to _(support)his family.2018预测invitationfoundedsupport命题点命题点3 动词短语动词短语考法精讲考法精讲 分析衡阳近分析衡阳近8年中考真题可知，动词短语辨析在年中考真题可知，动词短语辨析
33、在近近3年完形填空中均有考查；在单项选择中考查过年完形填空中均有考查；在单项选择中考查过2次。考查形式包括：同一动词型：同一动词次。考查形式包括：同一动词型：同一动词+不不同介词同介词/副词副词（8年年3考）考）;同一介词同一介词/副词型：不同副词型：不同动词动词+同一介词同一介词/副词副词（8年年3考）考）；混合型：不同；混合型：不同动词动词+不同介词不同介词/副词。在历年句子翻译中也常出现副词。在历年句子翻译中也常出现动词动词+介词介词/副词型与动词副词型与动词+名词型动词短语。名词型动词短语。44.We all know that learning a foreign language
34、_(require)time and work.45.The actor and director _(be)coming to give us a speech next weekend.46.The boy often practices _(dance)in the music room.requiresisdancingget on上车上车 get off下车下车get away from远离远离 get rid of摆脱摆脱get along with与与和睦相处和睦相处get in touch with与与取得联系取得联系get ready for.为为做准备做准备考向一考向一 同
35、一动词型同一动词型（2017.27，2014.25，2011.30）get短语短语（2017.27）【知识梳理知识梳理】get to到达到达 get back回来回来get up起床；起来起床；起来 get down下来下来get over克服克服 get into进入进入49.Carl is just one of these people who has the ability to get along with most people._ _卡尔恰好是这些人之一卡尔恰好是这些人之一,他拥有与大多数人和睦他拥有与大多数人和睦相处的能力。相处的能力。【现学现用现学现用】47.Steven,w
36、e should _ the bus at the next stop.A.get onB.get off C.get back48.You should try to _ the difficulties by yourself.You are not a child any longer.A.get over B.get toC.get upBA【现学现用现学现用】50.We shouldnt spend too much time on the computer games,because it _ us.A.does good to B.does harm to C.does badl
37、y inBdo短语短语(2014.25)【知识梳理知识梳理】do badly in在在方面做得不好方面做得不好do well in在在方面做得好方面做得好do ones best尽某人最大努力尽某人最大努力do harm to对对有害有害do good to对对有益有益53.Students who do well in examinations are the ones who like asking questions in class._考试成绩好的都是那些在课堂上爱问问题的学生。考试成绩好的都是那些在课堂上爱问问题的学生。51.虽然我们最终输掉了比赛，但是我们都尽虽然我们最终输掉了比赛
38、，但是我们都尽 了最大努力。了最大努力。_ _52.如果你不多做锻炼你就会发胖。如果你不多做锻炼你就会发胖。_Although/Though we lost the game at last,we all tried our best.If you dont do more exercise,youll get fat.keep off避开；不接近避开；不接近keep away from远离远离keepin mind记住记住keep in touch with与与保持联系保持联系keep短语短语(2011.30)【知识梳理知识梳理】keep fit保持健康保持健康keep a diary写日记
39、写日记keep on继续继续(进行进行)take短语短语(2016.31)【知识梳理知识梳理】take away拿走，带走拿走，带走 take after与与长得像长得像 take action采取行动采取行动 take down写下，记下写下，记下 take photos拍照拍照 take measures采取措施采取措施【现学现用现学现用】54.Although it is dark,he still _ working in the office.A.keeps onB.keeps away C.keeps off55.记住老师说的话，并遵从他的建议。记住老师说的话，并遵从他的建议。_
40、_Keep what the teacher said in mind and follow his suggestions/advice.A【现学现用现学现用】56.You are supposed to _ a hobby like playing football or taking photos.A.take awayB.take afterC.take up57.Taking notes is a skill that can help you do well in all your schoolwork._C记笔记是一项能帮助你做好所有功课的技能。记笔记是一项能帮助你做好所有功课的
41、技能。take notes记笔记记笔记 take place发生发生take in吸入吸入 take part in参加参加take up从事，着手处理从事，着手处理 take care of照顾照顾take a message捎口信捎口信take a shower洗淋浴洗淋浴take out取出；把取出；把带出去带出去take off脱下（衣服），（飞机）起飞脱下（衣服），（飞机）起飞look短语短语【知识梳理知识梳理】look at看看 look after照顾照顾 look around环顾环顾 look for寻找寻找 look like看起来像看起来像 look over仔细检查仔细
42、检查 look out当心当心 look through浏览浏览 58.除非人们立刻采取行动，否则环境将会变除非人们立刻采取行动，否则环境将会变 得更糟。得更糟。_ _59.脱掉你的外套，因为它很湿。脱掉你的外套，因为它很湿。_Unless people take action at once,the environment will be worse.Take off your coat,because its very wet.【现学现用现学现用】60.I want to go back home early so that I can _ my sick mother in bed.A.
43、look atB.look afterC.look over61.While I was _ my old photos,one caught my eyes.A.looking throughB.looking around C.looking forBAlook up（在词典、参考书等中）查阅（在词典、参考书等中）查阅,查找查找look forward to盼望盼望,期待期待look down/on upon瞧不起，轻视瞧不起，轻视look up to 钦佩钦佩,仰慕仰慕,看得起看得起give短语短语【知识梳理知识梳理】give away捐赠捐赠 give back归还归还 give ou
44、t散发，分发散发，分发 give off发出（光、热等）发出（光、热等）give up放弃放弃 give in屈服，让步屈服，让步62.我的英语老师看起来像一位电影明星。我的英语老师看起来像一位电影明星。_ _My English teacher looks like a movie star.65.对我而言，成功的唯一秘诀就是从不放弃对我而言，成功的唯一秘诀就是从不放弃 或丧失信心。或丧失信心。_ _66.He is kind-hearted and gives away most of his money to the Hope Project._ _For me,the only sec
45、ret to success is never to give up or lose heart.他很热心肠，并且把他的大部分钱都捐赠给他很热心肠，并且把他的大部分钱都捐赠给了希望工程。了希望工程。make短语短语 【知识梳理知识梳理】make sure确信；证实确信；证实 make up弥补；编造弥补；编造make money挣钱挣钱 make a living谋生谋生make progress取得进步取得进步make a mistake/mistakes犯错误犯错误make a decision/decisions做决定做决定【现学现用现学现用】63.Remember to _ what
46、you borrowed from others on time.Thus you can leave a good impression on them.A.give up B.give awayC.give back64.We all admire Henrys strong spirit in life.He never _ in face of difficulties.A.gives outB.gives inC.gives offCB【现学现用现学现用】67.Ann is so careful that she always goes over her exercises to _
47、 there are no mistakes.A.make a living B.make up C.make sureCmake a difference有影响；起作用有影响；起作用make fun of拿拿开玩笑开玩笑make friends with与与交朋友交朋友make a contribution to为为做贡献做贡献69.随着技术的发展，手机在我们的日常生活随着技术的发展，手机在我们的日常生活 中产生了很大的影响。中产生了很大的影响。_ _ _With the development of technology,mobile phones have made a great di
48、fference in our daily life.68.Rome was not built in a day,so you should work hard to _.A.make money B.make progress C.make friendsB _ _ _72.我认为我应该被允许为我自己做决定。我认为我应该被允许为我自己做决定。_ _As middle school students,we should make a contribution to protecting our school environment.I think I should be allowed to
49、 make decisions for myself.70.我们应该更加小心，否则我们会在实验中我们应该更加小心，否则我们会在实验中 犯错误。犯错误。_ _71.作为中学生，我们应该为保护我们的学校作为中学生，我们应该为保护我们的学校 环境做贡献。环境做贡献。We should be more careful,or we will make mistakes in the experiment.【现学现用现学现用】73.We are supposed to _ a solution to stop people from looking down at their mobile phones
50、while driving cars.A.come up withB.come fromC.come on74.The storm was over and the sun as well as the rainbow _ from the clouds,which made the sky very beautiful.A.came backB.came overC.came outACcome短语短语【知识梳理知识梳理】come along出现；到来出现；到来 come back回来回来come down下降，落下下降，落下 come from来自来自come on加油；快点加油；快点 c
