1、动词的时态17种时态的构成和用法种时态的构成和用法 分析甘肃近3年中考真题可知动词的时态是必考点，且涉及常考的7种时态。其中现在完成时和一般将来时考查频率最高，其次为一般过去时和过去进行时。所以，考生要重点掌握7种时态的基本用法和构成，也要掌握时态的判断方法。时态意义构成形式标志词例句备注一般现在时(2016省卷30题)1.现阶段经常性或习惯性的动作；2.目前的状态；3.客观真理;4.在时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。1.be（am/is/are）+表语；2.实义动词作谓语（主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词词尾加-s/-es；其他人称和数用动词原形）。often,sometimes,usua
2、lly,always,twice a month,on Sundays,every week/month/yearHe usually leaves for school at 7：00 in the morning.他经常早上7点去学校。The moon moves around the earth.月亮绕着地球转。在as soon as引导的时间状语从句与if引导的条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。时态意义构成形式标志词例句备注一般过去时(2015省卷78题；2017兰州36题；2016兰州42题)1.过去发生的动作；2.过去存在的状态。1.be（was/were）+表语；2.实义动词的
3、过去式作谓语。just now,ago,in 1980,last night/week/month(last系列),this morning,yesterday,the other day,used toWe went to the History Museum last Monday.上周一我们去了历史博物馆。I was busy yesterday.我昨天很忙。时态意义构成形式标志词例句备注一般将来时（2016省卷24题，30题；2015省卷43题）1.将来发生的动作；2.将来存在的状态。1.助动词will(shall)+动词原形；2.am/is/are going to+动词原形。tom
4、orrow,from now on,soon,in the future,next year/week/month/term(next系列)I will meet you at the school gate tomorrow.明天我将在学校门口和你会面。Ill be 15 next week.下周我就15岁了。在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。时态意义构成形式标志词例句备注现在进行时（2017省卷23题；2015省卷34题）1.目前正在发生的动作；2.现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。am/is/are动词的现在分词now,at present,at the moment,
5、look,listenThe telephone is ringing.Could you answer it,please?电话响了，请接听一下，好吗？表示位置移动或状态变化的动词，如：come,go,leave等词的现在进行时形式可表示将要发生的动作。时态意义构成形式标志词例句备注过去进行时（2017兰州36题；2016兰州28题；2015兰州30题）过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作was/were+动词的现在分词at 1:00 last night,at that moment,表示过去的时间状语I was reading when he came in.当他进来的时候，我正在读书。
6、He was always complaining about something.他总是抱怨一些事情。在复合句中，如果两个动作同时发生，那么延续性动词用过去进行时，短暂性动词用一般过去时。通常在when或while引导的时间状语从句中出现。时态意义构成形式标志词例句备注现在完成时（2016省卷41题，51题；2015省卷43题；2016兰州44题）1.到现在为止已经完成的动作，对现在还有影响；2.从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态。have/has+动词的过去分词yet,just,before,recently,once,already,lately,ever,never,since 1996
7、,for ten yearsyet,just,before,recently,once,already,lately,ever,never,since 1996,for ten years1.since后面的从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时；2.短暂性动词不与一段时间连用。如果要与一段时间连用必须换成延续性动词。时态意义构成形式标志词例句备注过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前发生或完成的动作，表示“过去的过去”。had+动词的过去分词by,by the end of,before,when,after,until+过去的时间点Lily had finished her homewor
8、k when her father came home.莉莉的父亲回来时，她已经完成了家庭作业。/动词时态的解题方法动词时态的解题方法1.识别标志词识别标志词遇到时态题时，首先要寻找时间标志词，如果题干中有明确的时间标志词，则往往可以根据时间状语选择相应的时态。2.主从时态须呼应主从时态须呼应如果所给题干是含有宾语从句或状语从句的主从复合句，可根据主从句时态呼应的原则选出正确的时态。3.理解语境理解语境此类试题题干中没有时间标志词，理解语境是解题关键。4.学会看特定动词提示学会看特定动词提示英语中有些特定动词对时态有明显的提示作用，如：look,listen,see,hear，均可表示“正在做
9、某事”或“一直做某事”，此类考题中则应使用现在进行时。考点小练1.Grandpa _ (wear)glasses when he reads.2.Paul and I (play)tennis yesterday.He did much better than I.3.Alice (sit)by the river when a white rabbit with pink eyes ran by.4.They were worried because the number of visitors smaller and smaller.A.become B.are becoming C.is
10、 becoming D.have become5.he usually to school by bus or by subway?A.Does;go B.Do;go C.Will;go D.Has;gone6.Where is your uncle,Jane?He is in Guangzhou.He for a month.A.has left B.has gone C.left D.has been awaywearsplayedwas sittingCADA2时态的判断和易混辨析时态的判断和易混辨析1.一般现在时与现在进行时的易混辨析一般现在时与现在进行时的易混辨析一般现在时表示现在经
11、常性、习惯性的动作，或现在的状态，强调长期性、稳定性；而现在进行时是指此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作，强调暂时性，不稳定性。如：He usually gets up at six in the morning.（经常性、习惯性的动作）She is an English woman.(现在的状态)We are working on the farm these days.(一段时间内的动作，表示这几天暂时在农场工作)Look!The boys are fighting.(此刻所发生的动作)2.一般过去时和现在完成时的易混辨析一般过去时和现在完成时的易混辨析两者都表示过去发生的事情。但一般过去时只强调
12、过去发生的事情本身，不涉及与现在的关系；现在完成时则强调过去的动作对现在的影响。主要说明现在的情况。如：I opened the door just now.我刚才打开了门。（指刚才做了“开门”的动作，但现在门是否开着，并未说明）I have opened the door.我已经把门打开了。(门现在还开着)3.一般过去时和过去进行时的易混辨析一般过去时和过去进行时的易混辨析一般过去时表示过去发生过，强调动作结束了，侧重于事实。而过去进行时表示动作在过去某时间内进行，强调动作的持续性和未完成性。如：I wrote a letter to a friend last night.(信写完了，强调
13、事实)I was writing a letter to a friend last night.(信不一定写完，强调动作)4.表示表示“将来时态将来时态”几种形式的易混辨析几种形式的易混辨析在初中阶段，我们学了will/shall+动词原形，be going to+动词原形,be doing以及一般现在时等四种形式表达将来时。(1)will/shall表示单纯的将来（即现在之后）。如：He will be back in a few days.他几天之后回来。（单纯将来）(2)be going to+动词原形,多用于口语中，强调事先的“打算、计划”及要做的事情或有某种迹象要发生的事情。如：W
14、hat are you going to do this evening?你今天晚上准备做什么？（打算）Look!There are so many clouds in the sky.Its going to rain,I think.看！天空中乌云密布。我觉得是要下雨了。（有迹象要发生的事情）（3）be doing，现在进行时表示即将发生的动作，多与表示位移的动词come,go,arrive,leave,fly,start等连用。如:She is leaving for Beijing.她就要启程去北京。（4）一般现在时表将来，主要用于时间状语从句或条件状语从句中；或者用来表示按时刻表的规
15、定即将要发生的动作。如：My plane takes off at seven tomorrow morning.我的航班明天早上七点起飞。考点小练7.Im busy now.I (go)to your home after supper.8.Toms father fell off his bike while he (ride)it and hurt himself.9.Tony (leave)his bag in the school library.He has to get it back.10.Uncle John for a walk after supper every day
16、.A.goes B.going C.go D.is going11.I cant remember when and where I this umbrella.A.buyed B.had bought C.had buyed D.bought12.Qingyang is really a good place.I hope I it again.A.am going visit B.visit C.am visiting D.will visitwill gowas ridingleftADD英语1.基础语法基础语法(九)时态和语态1(导学号：05472119)Who is that lad
17、y?Shes Miss Green.She _ us music，and she is so good.(2016，武汉)Ataught BteachesCwill teach Dis teaching2My mind wasnt on what he was saying so Im afraid I _ half of it.(2016，无锡)Amissed Bwas missingCwill miss Dwould miss3This museum _ here for over 80 years.It _ one of the oldest buildings in this city
18、.(2016，黄石)Ais，was Bhad been，isCwas，has been Dhas been，isBAD4Dont worry.Bill will help you look after your dog when you _ away on business.(2016，重庆)Aare BwereCwill be Dhave been5I _ the book club last week and I _ two books already.(2015，新疆)Ajoin，read Bjoined，readCjoined，have read Djoined，has read6Wh
19、ere did you go last weekend？(2016，北京)I _ to the Great Wall.Ago BwentCwill go Dhave goneACB7Lucy has _ to London.How can I get in touch with her?Dont worry.She will phone you as soon as she _ there.(2016，烟台)Abeen，will get Bbeen，gets Cgone，will get Dgone，gets8(导学号：05472120)A nice car！Is it yours?No，it
20、 isnt.I _ it from a friend of mine two days ago.(2015，武汉)Aborrow BBorrowed Cwill borrow Dhave borrowed9Do you know who took the students to the old peoples home，Tony?Well，Mr.Smith _(2015，宜昌)Atook Bdoes Cdid Ddo10Its dangerous to swim here.Look at the sign.Oh，I _ it.Thank you.(2015，淄博)Adidnt notice B
21、wont noticeChadnt noticed Ddont noticeDBCA11My mother _ dinner when I got home yesterday.(2016，天津)Ahas cooked Bwas cookingCwill cook Dcooks12Todays young people cant live without smart phones.(2016，咸宁)They keep their hands on the phones wherever they go，even while they _ meals.Ahave Bare havingCwere
22、 having Dwill have13Alice，please turn down the music，I _ an important phone now.(2016，孝感)Aanswer BansweredChave answered Dam answeringBBD14Tim Cook called his mother every week even while he _ around the world.(2015，临沂)Awas traveling Bis travelingCtraveled Dtravels15Cathy，can you answer the door？I _
23、 the room.Im coming，mum.(2016，安徽)Aclean BcleanedChave cleaned Dam cleaning16Pass the raincoat to me，please.It _ hard now.Here you are.(2016，福州)Ais raining Brained Cwill rainADA17(导学号：05472121)With the development of science and technology，robot cooks _ in our families in the future.(2016，广东)Aappear
24、BappearedCwill appear Dwere appearing18I dont know if it _tomorrow.(2016，咸宁)Well，if it _，the school sports meet will be canceled.Awill rain，will rain Brains，will rainCwill rain，rains Drains，rains19Which team do you think _ the game?Hard to say.There are still ten minutes before it ends.Awon Bhas won
25、 Cwill win DwinsCCC20Have you watched the new movie Jurassic World，Steven？(2016，温州)Not yet.I _ it with my cousin this evening.Awill watch Bwas watchingCwatched Dhave watched21Dad _ the USA in two weeks.(2015，安顺)Ais leave for Bleaves forCis leaving for Dleft forAC22(导学号：05472122)What a nice watch！How
26、 long _ you _ it?For just two weeks.(2016，天津)Awill，buy Bhave，hadCwere，having Ddid，buy23Hobo and Eddie _ the cinema to watch the film Zootopia.Oh，thats why I cant find them now.(2016，苏州)Ahave gone to Bhave been toChas gone to Dhas been to24There is someone knocking at the door.(2016，河南)It must be the
27、 computer repairman.I _ him to come to fix my computer.Acall Bhave called Ccalled Dwill callBCA25Its nice to see you again.We _ each other since 2014.(2016，北京)Awont see Bdont seeChavent seen Ddidnt see26Its the second time I came to Xiamen.It _ a lot.Yes，its more and more beautiful.(2016，厦门)Awas cha
28、nging Bhas changedCwill change27I wonder when you _ the new watch.Well，I _ it for two weeks.Ahave bought，have hadBbought，have boughtCbought，have hadDhave bought，have boughtCCB28Jim isnt in the classroom.Where is he now?He _ the library.Awill go to Bhas been toChas gone to Dgoes to29(导学号：05472123)By
29、the time we got to the station，the train _ already _.(2016，天水)Ahad，leave Bhad，leftChave，left Dhave，leaved30By the end of last week，she_in the west of China for two months helping the homeless children.Awill stay Bhas stayedCwould stay Dhad stayedCDB一般现在时1.动词原形2主语是单数第三人称，谓语加s，es1.表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作或状态。2描
30、述客观真理、客观存在或科学事实等。3在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。一般过去时动词的过去式1.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。2表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。3用于虚拟语气中，表示与现在事实相反的情况。一般将来时1.will/shall动词原形2be going to动词原形1.be going to和will表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。主语一般是人。2be going to表示根据主观判断将来肯定要发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。主语可以是人也可以是物。现在进行时am/is/are动词的现在分词表示说话时或目前正在进行的动作。过去进行时was/were
31、动词的现在分词表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。现在完成时have/has动词的过去分词1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。2表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常与“for时间段”或“since表示过去的时间点或时间段”连用。过去完成时had动词的过去分词1.表示在过去某一时间或某一动作以前发生或完成的动作，它所表示的动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。2表示从过去某一时间开始并持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。【温馨提示】1在时间、条件和让步状语从句中，如果主句谓语动词是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。如：Well have a picnic if it is f
32、ine next Sunday.Ill call you as soon as I get to Beijing tomorrow.2某些表示起始、往返、出发、到达之意的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排将要发生的动作(此时一般都有一个表示未来时间的状语)。这类动词有：begin，come，go，leave，start，arrive，end，stop，open，close等。如：The next train leaves at 7 oclock this evening.3现在进行时与always，forever等副词连用，表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，这种用法往往表达说话人的某种感情，
33、如赞扬、遗憾、讨厌或不满等。如：The rich woman is always laughing at the poor.4现在完成时中表示短暂动作的动词不能与for，since等引导的时间状语连用。如与一段时间连用，要把瞬间动词转化为意思相近的延续性动词。常见的变化有：非延续性动词延续性动词buyhaveborrowkeepopenbe openclosebe closebegin/startbe oncomebe heregobe therefinishbe overdiebe deadcatch a coldhave a coldput onwearget upbe upwake up
34、awakefall asleepbe asleeplosenot havejoinbe inleavebe awayarrive/reachbe31(导学号：05472124)Now smart phones _ in many ways in our daily life.(2016，长沙)Aare used Bis used Care using32Chinas 23rd Beidou Satellite _ into space on June 12，2016.As Chinese，we are proud of it.(2016，咸宁)Ahas sent Bis sentCwill s
35、end Dwas sent33Waiter，Id like some Ningbo Dumplings.Sorry，sir.Ningbo Dumpings _only for lunch and dinner.(2016，随州)Aserve BservedCare served Dare servingADC34Whats the meaning of the activity“Lets Save”？Paper shouldnt _ in everyday life.(2016，孝感)Awaste BwastedCbe wasted Dis wasted35Teenagers should _
36、 to take care of themselves from a young age.(2015，临沂)Aeducate Bbe educatingChave educated Dbe educated36In Switzerland，things like glass and plastic _into different groups and then recycled.(2016，盐城)Aseparate BseparatedCare separated Dis separatedCDC37(导学号：05472125)Mary was heard _ just now.What ha
37、ppened?Joe was telling her some jokes.Acry Blaugh Cto laugh Dto cry 38Your scarf feels soft.Did you buy it in China?No，I bought it in France.But it _ in China.(2015，昆明)Ais making Bwas madeCmakes DmadeCB39He Jing_to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month.(2016，广东)Ai
38、nvites BinvitedCis invited Dwas invited40Now all Chinese couples_to have two children.(2016，临沂)Aallow BallowedCare allowed Dwere allowedDC时态被动语态例句一般现在时am/is/are动词的过去分词The flowers are often watered by her.一般过去时was/were动词的过去分词A farm was visited yesterday by us.一般将来时will/shallbe动词的过去分词Some trees will b
39、e planted this week by her.现在进行时am/is/arebeing动词的过去分词A novel is being read by him.现在完成时have/has been动词的过去分词His rooms have been cleaned by him.过去完成时had been动词的过去分词His rooms had been cleaned by him then.过去将来时would/should be动词的过去分词His rooms would be cleaned by him the next day.含情态动词情态动词be动词的过去分词Your ho
40、mework must be finished in time.特例清单1open，lock，write，read，sell，clean，wash，cut，drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表示被动意义。如：The book sells very well.那本书很畅销。2look，sound，taste，smell等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。如：School uniforms look good on us.我们穿着校服很好看。The cake smells delicious.蛋糕闻起来很香。【注意】几种特殊的被动语态的用法种类构成例句主动语态中省去to的动词变为被动语态时，省去的to要加上。The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.含双宾语的动词把指人的宾语变为主语时，指物的宾语仍保留在谓语之后，指物的宾语变为主语时，指人的宾语前要加相应的介词。I was given a present.A present was given to me.含短语的动词短语是“动词介词”或“动词副词”时，变被动语态时，介词、副词不能丢。The young man was sent away from school.
