1、一.动词的分类三.动词的语态二.动词的时态四.非谓语动词动词分类动词分类概念概念能独立作谓语的动词能独立作谓语的动词本身有意义，但不能独立作本身有意义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语。谓语。本身无意义或意义不完整，本身无意义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语。不能单独作谓语。有一定词义，本身不表示动有一定词义，本身不表示动作和状态，而仅仅表达说话作和状态，而仅仅表达说话人的态度。人的态度。实义动词系动词助动词情态动词用法用法练习练习I usually _ at six in the morning.A.get up B.gets up C.go to bedThe
2、earth _ around the sun.A.go B.move C.moves3.时间、条件状语从句的时间、条件状语从句的从句部分（从句部分（）He will give you the book as soon as he _ you.A.will see B.sees C.see主+V 原/V-(e)s1.经常性或习惯性的动作时间标志：every;always;often;sometimes;at;neveron Sundays;once a week usually;2.客观真理,客观存在,科学事实主将从现单数第三人称：肯定句：主语+动词s/es否定句：主语+doesnt+动词原形疑
3、问句：Does+主语+动词原形其他人称：肯定句：主语+动词原形否定句：主语+dont+动词原形疑问句：Dont+主语+动词原形类型类型构成构成例词例词一般情况一般情况readuse以以 sh，ch，s,x和和o结尾结尾finishwatch ;gomiss ;fix以辅音字母以辅音字母 +y+y 结尾结尾stud ;tr ;不规则变化 have has-sss-eseseseseses变y 为i 再加-esiesies肯定:否定:疑问:她经常在回家前完成作业.She often finishes her homework before she goes homeShe doesnt finis
4、h her homework before she goes homeDoes she often finish her homework before she goes home?谓语是行为动词时,否定和疑问句要借助助动词do或does,原来的行为动词要用原形.1.A:How often_ she exercise?B:Twice a week.A.do B.does C.doing2.I _ like to drink milk.A.not B.doesnt C.dont3.Good food and exercise _ me to study better.A.help B.helps
5、 C.helping4.I will let you know about it as soon as I _ the news.A.will get B.gets C.get5.He always_ school early and_ home late.A.go to;comes back to B.goes to;come back C.goes to;comes back6._she_ eating mooncakes?A.Is;like B.Do;like C.Does;like7.“Does Wang Li_ English well?”A.speak B.speaks C.say
6、用法用法练习练习He _ the countryside when he was young.A.lives B.lived C.lived in1.He _last year.A.stops to write B.stopped write C.stopped writing2.我们尽了全力，终于成功了。我们尽了全力，终于成功了。We _ and we made it at last.主+V-edtried our best表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况时间标志：yesterday;the day before yesterday;last；ago 等表示过去时间的词语肯定
7、句：主语+过去式动词否定句：主语+didnt+动词原形疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形类型类型构成构成例词例词一般情况一般情况join ;work以字母以字母e e结尾结尾like ;live以辅音字母以辅音字母 +y+y 结尾结尾studied;tried;以重读闭音节结以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母个辅音字母stop ;drop不规则变化见BOOK 3edd变y 为i 再加 ed双写尾词加 edededddpedped肯定:否定:疑问:Tom 刚才打了电话给她.Tom rang her just now.Tom didnt ring her just now.Did T
8、om ring her just now?谓语是行为动词时,否定和疑问句要借助助动词did,原来的行为动词要用原形.1.It was too dark.So he _ the lights and began to read books.A.turned off B.turns on C.turned on2.The children _ at their uncles last night.A.are B.were C.was3.I am sorry that you have missed the train.It _ ten minutes ago.A.left B.leaves C.w
9、ill leave4.These farmers have been to the United States.Really?When _ there?A.will they go B.did they go C.do they go5.Jim is not coming tonight.But he _!A.promises B.promised C.will promise用法用法例句例句There _ a sports meeting here next month.A.will have B.will be C.is going toI dont know if the train _
10、 soon.but I _ for you if you want to know.A.will arrive;will look it upB.arrives;will look up itC.will arrive;look it up主+is/am/are going to+V 原主+will+V 原1.表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态.2.时间、条件状语从句的主句部分（主将从现）1.Do you know when the World Cup _ next week?Next Friday.When it _,Ill ring you.A.begins;begins B.begins;
11、will begin C.will begin;begins2.Jimmy is leaving for a holiday.Really?Where _ he _?A.does;go B.will;go C.did;go3.Shall we go to the Sand Lake tomorrow?Yes.Well go unless it _ heavily.A.will rain B.rained C.rains用法用法例句例句We _ an English lesson now.A.are having B.having C.were having学生们正在为考试做准备学生们正在为考试
12、做准备.The students _ the exam.主+is/am/are+V-ingare getting ready for表示说话者说话时正在发生的动作表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作.(说话时动作不一定正在进行)类型类型构成构成例词例词一般情况一般情况readreadwatchwatch以不发音的以不发音的e结尾的词结尾的词taketakemakemake重读闭音节字重读闭音节字母结尾母结尾putput-inginging去掉e-ing先双写最后一个辅音字母-ingtinginging1.Where is James?He _ with his brother.A.runs B.w
13、ill run C.is running2.Who _ in the next room?Mary is.A.is singing B.is sing C.sings 3.Jimmy _ for a holiday tomorrow.A.is leaving B.leaves C.left4.Look at the children over thereWhat _？A is he doing Bare they doing Cthey are doing5.Look!The boy students are _ football while the girls are _.A.playing
14、,dance B.playing,dancing C.play,dancing 6.Mr.Smith _ short stories,but he _ a TV play these days.A.is writing,is writing B.is writing,writes C.writes,is writing 7.I _ to the cinema.I _ there every Sunday.A.go.go B.am going,go C.go.am going用法用法例句例句我叔叔来看我的时候我正在做作业我叔叔来看我的时候我正在做作业.I _ my homework when m
15、y uncle came to see me.was doing 主+was/were+V-ing表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作.1.The last time I _ Jane she _ cotton in the fields.A.see,was picking B.saw,picked C.saw,was picking 2.I don t think Jim saw me;he _ into space.A.just stared B.was just staring C.has just stared 3.I first met Lisa three years ago.She
16、_ at a radio shop at the time.A.has worked B.was working C.had been working4.-Hey,watch the flowers!-Oh,I m terribly sorry._.A.I m not noticing B.I wasn t noticing C.I don t notice 5.The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it.A.was traveling B.traveled C.was to travel 6.I _ my brea
17、kfast when the morning post came.A.had B.was having C.have been having 用法用法例句例句表示过去发生表示过去发生的动作对现在的动作对现在造成的影响造成的影响.1.I _ lunch yet.I am so hungry.A.havent had B.have had C.didnt have2.She asks me for money.She _ her purse at home.A.had left B.has left C.left表示过去开始表示过去开始的动作一直延的动作一直延伸到现在伸到现在,还还有可能继续下有可
18、能继续下去去.自从自从1999年以来年以来,Tom 一直住在中国一直住在中国.Tom _ China since 1999.主+have/has+PPhas lived in1.I _ Enghish in this school since 1999.A.taught B.have taught C.would teach2.Lilei _ the pen for five years A.has had B.boughtC have bought3.He _ finished his homework yet A.doesnt B.havent C.hasnt4.Peter lost hi
19、s bike yesterday._ he _ it yet?A.Has;looked for B.Does;find C.Has;found5.Who is he?I _ before.A.havent heard of B.didnt hear of C.havent heard from6.Have you ever been to Guangzhou?No,Ive _ been there.A.never B.ever C.already7.We havent finished our homework_.A.already B.ever C.yet8.Have you_learned
20、 English?Yes,Ive _ learned a lot.A.already;ever B.ever;neve C.ever;already 9.I _ him these days.A.havent hear from B.didnt hear of C.havent heard from10.I have _ 5,000 words so far.A.learnt B.learn C.learning11.The old man _ China several times in the past 10 years.A.has been to B.wen to C.goes toju
21、st 刚刚already 已经 before 之前ever 曾经never 从来没有so far 到目前为止yet 还（没有）否定句these days 这些天in the past years/months在过去的年/月里for 时段since 时点现现在在完完成成时时的的标标志志词词for +时段since+时段+agosince+时点Its/It has been+时段+since+一般过去时句子1.Its ten years since she .A.has left B.has been away C.left2.I have been here _ 4 years.A.since
22、B.for C.from3.We have learnt English _ six years ago.A.since B.for C.from4._ has been 5 years since we came here.A.There B.It C.That5.Its three years since he the army.A.has joined B.has been in C.joined6.How many years is it _ you graduated from junior high school?A.since B.for C.from 短短暂暂性性动动词词和和延
23、延续续性性动动词词短暂性动词短暂性动词延续性动词延续性动词borrow buy arrive/come/goleavebeginfinish/endjoindieopen closemarry不与时间段连用可与时间段连用be(in)here/therebe a member ofbe deadbe onhavebe awaykeepbe overbe open(adj.)be closedbe married 1.How long can I _ this book?Two weeks A.borrow B.keep C.lend2.Her father_in 1990 and her hus
24、band_for more than five years.A.has died,has died B.has died,dead C.died,has been dead3.I have_ this nice watch for two years.A.had B.bought C.borrowed 4.He_his home for ten years.A.has left B.was away from C.has been away from5.He_a League member for three years.A.is B.has been C.has became 6.Lihua
25、s brother has_for two years.A.joined the army B.been in the army C.became a soldier 7.He hasnt_from Guangzhou ever since he left school A.left B.been away C.been left8.Betty _ here for two hours.She _ here at 8:00 this morning.A.has been;came B.has been;has come C.was;came8.The film _ for five minut
26、es.A.began B.has been on C.has begun 6.You are too late.The shop _ for many hours.A.closed B.has been closed C.has closed 7.Mary _ Tom in 2000.They _ for 8 years.A.married;have been married B.married;have married C.marries;have been married短语辨析短语辨析短短语语have(has)been inhave(has)been tohave(has)gone to
27、意意义义例例句句他来上海已经有他来上海已经有10年了年了.他去过上海他去过上海3次次.他去了上海还没有他去了上海还没有回来回来.He has been to Shanghai three times.He has been in Shanghai for ten years.He has gone to Shanghai and havent come back yet.在某地（多长时间）现在仍在那里。常与时段连用。曾去过某地（次）现在已不在那里。可与just,ever,never等连用，去了还没有回来1.May I speak to Ken?Sorry,he is out.He _ see
28、his teacher,A.goes to B.has been to C.has gone to2.Our teacher _ here since 2004.A.has been in B.has been to C.has been3.Have you ever _ Huang shan?Yes,Ive been there twice.A.been to B.been in C.gone to 4.Wheres Daming?He _ the teachers office.A.has been to B.have gone to C.has gone to现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
29、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别时态时态用法用法例句例句一般一般过去过去时时我昨天丢了我的自行车我昨天丢了我的自行车.I _ my bike yesterday.现现在在完完成成时时我的自行车已经丢了我的自行车已经丢了.我要买我要买部新的部新的.I _ my bike.I have to buy a new one.losthave lost表示动作发生的时间在过去没有说明现在的情况表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响1.I have seen the film“Titanic”already.When _ you _ it？The day before ye
30、sterday.A.have；seen B.will；see C.did；see2.Mr Black _ in China since five years ago.A.lived B.has lived C.lives 3.We _ trees last Sunday.So far we _ over 3,000 trees there.A.planted；planted B.planted；have planted C.have planted；planted用法用法例句例句表示在过去某一表示在过去某一时间或动作之前时间或动作之前已经发生或者完已经发生或者完成的动作成的动作.即即:过去的过
31、去发过去的过去发生或完成的动作生或完成的动作.到上个星期为止到上个星期为止,我们已经学了我们已经学了5首歌首歌.We _ five songs _ last week.我到的时候你已经开始玩了我到的时候你已经开始玩了.You _already _ playing when I got there.主+had+PPhad startedhad learntby the end of1I lost the book I Ahave bought Bhad bought Chad been bought 2.The bus had gone when I_the bus stop Ahave arr
32、ived Barrived Chad arrived3Tom of visiting his grandmother，but the bad weather made him change his mind Ahas thought Bthought Chad thought 4Did you meet Tom at the airport？No，he by the time I there Ahas left；got Bhad left；arrived Cleft；arrived 5I to come to help youBut you didnt come Ahave meant Bha
33、d meant Cmeant 6Finally Mary was admitted by Beijing University for which she five times Ahad tried Bwas trying Chas tried 构成被动语态用法be+动词的过去分词1.动作谁做的不知道；The watch is made in China.2.说出谁做的没必要；More trees must be planted.3.动作承受者很重要。Chinese is spoken by many people.主动语态和被动语态的转换1.We asked him to sing a so
34、ng.He was asked to sing a song(by us).2.She gave me a book.I was given a book(by her).A book was given to me(by her).主动语态和被动语态的转换4.He makes the girl stay at home.The girl is made to stay at home by him.（省略的to要还原）3.We should speak to old men politely.Old man should be spoken to politely.（介词不可省略）不使用被动
35、语态的情况1.系动词用主动结构表被动意义。Moon cakes taste delicious.2.write,read,sell等词作不及物动词 时，他们的主语为物，可用主动语 态表被动意义。The pen writes smoothly.The shirt sells well.3.My bike needs mending.My bike needs to be mended.1.They wont be back until the work _.A.doB.doesC.is doneD.will do2.More than one answer _ to the question.A
36、.have givenB.had givenC.were givenD.has been given3.-How do you like the material（材料）？-Very much.It _ soft.A.feelsB.is feltC.is feelingD.felt4.Mr Green is very angry with you.He says you _ away if youre late again.A.are sendingB.has been sentC.are going to sendD.will be sent5.The old should _ in our
37、 country.A.take good care ofB.be taken good care ofC.are take good care ofD.be take good care of6.The guide said that much attention must _ these details.A.payB.be paidC.pay toD.be paid to7.Did you go to the concert yesterday?-No,I _.A.didnt inviteB.havent invitedC.wasnt invitedD.am not invited8.How
38、 many cakes can I have,Mum?-None,dear.They _ for your father.A.prepareB.preparedC.have preparedD.were prepared9.Its said that the Olympic Torch Relay will _ in July in Baotou.A.holdB.be heldC.holdingD.to hold10.Things should _ here before you enter the Great Museum.A.keepsB.keepC.be keptD.are kept11
39、.How clean the window is!-Yes.It _ just now.A.has been cleanedB.was cleanedC.is cleanedD.will be cleaned12.Its said in the newspaper that 215 more new schools _ in Zhengzhou by 2020.A.are buildingB.were builtC.have builtD.will be built13.Do you often clean your classroom?-Yes,our classroom _ every d
40、ay.A.cleanB.cleanedC.Is cleanedD.cleans14.David,turn off the TV _ no one is watching it.-But it _ off already!The music is from the radio.A.so that,has been turnedB.when;has turnedC.if;has been turnedD.because;has turned15.When you leave the room,make sure the door _.A.was lockedB.is lockedC.will be
41、 lockedD.should be locked种类种类构成构成功能功能例句例句动词不定式动名词分词to dodoingdoingdone名词形容词副词名词形容词副词To see is to believe.He likes to play.He asked me to go.I have a lot to do.Im here to meet you.Seeing is believing.I like playing.an interesting booka broken cupThey came in,singing.Seeing from the hill,our school lo
42、oks nice.不定式和动名词作宾语1.通常加不定式作宾语 want to go2.“磕破头死了也要爱父母啊”keep,practice,suggest,enjoy,finish,mind,avoid +doing3.+to do(doing)remember,forget,stop,go on不定式和动名词作宾语补足语1.通常加不定式作宾补 want him to go2.使役动词 let，make,have(sb.do)have sb.do have sb.doing have sth.done3.感官动词“五看两听一感觉”look(at),see,watch,notice,observ
43、e,listen(to),hear,feel(sb.do/doing)4.keep,find(sb.doing)1.Dont let him _ out alone at night.He is young and will be frightened.A.go B.goes C.to go D.going2.My father is not good at cooking.He often asks my mother _.A.to help him B.to be helped C.not to help him D.how to help him3.In order to win the
44、 first place in the contest,he practiced _ the English song,but he found it difficult _ the lyrics.A.to sing;to remember B.to sing;remembering C.singing;to remember D.singing;remembering4.Mr Green asked us to stop _.So we stopped _ to him at once.A.talking;listening B.to talk;listening C.talking;to
45、listen D.to talk;to listen5.What should we do to fight H1N1 flu?-We should wash hands often,avoid _ to crowded places and so on.A.go B.going C.gone D.to go6.John,my computer doesnt work.-Why not ask Mr Liu _ it?A.to buy B.not to buy C.to check D.not to check7.Whats your plan for the summer holidays?
46、-Ive no idea,but Ive decided _ at home and have a good rest first.A.stay B.to stay C.stayed D.staying8.We are going for a picnic tomorrow.Ill call Wendy to make sure _.A.why to start B.when to start C.what to start D.which to start9.My brothers ill in hospital.-Im sorry _ that.A.hear B.hearing C.hea
47、rd D.to hear10.She spends much time _ English every day.A.read B.reading C.to read D.have read11.Would you mind me _?-_.Do it as you like,please.A.to play the piano;Good idea B.playing the piano;Of course not C.playing the piano;Of course D.play the piano;All right12.Oh,terrible!I forgot _ the windo
48、w.Its windy.-Really?Lets go back home quickly.A.closing B.to close C.closed D.close13.After the discussion,the students asked their teacher _ next.A.which to do B.what to do C.how to do D.why to do14.On her way home Lucy saw a thief _ in a shop.She stopped _110 at once.A.steal;call B.to steal;call C
49、.stealing;to call D.stealing;calling15.Youd better _ too much time playing computer games.A.dont pay B.not to pay C.to not spend D.not spend16.Do you know Armstrong?-Yes.He is the first man _ on the moon.A.walk B.walks C.to walk D.walked17.Is Jack in the library?-Maybe.I saw him _ out with some book
50、s just now.A.going B.go C.to go D.went18.Dad,why should I stop _ computer games?-For your health,my boy,Im afraid you _.A.to play;must B.playing;have to C.to play;can D.playing;may19.How about _ in the river with us?-Sorry,I cant.My parents often tell me _ that.A.swim;dont do B.swim;to do C.swimming
