1、2020高考英语语法复习之主谓一致英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三大原则：意义一致原则就近一致原则语法一致原则这三个原则发生冲突时，优先考虑意义一致原则主谓一致的考查要点A needle and thread was given to her,but she could not sew the button on.针线给了她，但她不会把纽扣缝起来。Many a large and big business has been built up from small ones.很多大企业都是从小规模发展起来的。Every man and every woman has a good reason to
2、be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.早睡早起是一个好习惯。The factory used three fifths of the raw materials,the rest of which were saved for other purposes.工厂用了这种原材料的五分之三，剩余部分节省出来作为他用。Only 60 percent of the work was done yes
3、terday.昨天只干了60%的工作。1.意义一致原则表示学科的名词以及works(工厂)，news(消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义时，谓语动词仍用单数。Politics is his favorite subject.表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。Do you know when the United Nations was set up?This new type of buses is now on show.这种新型的公共汽车现在正在展出。Mr Smith,together wi
4、th his wife and daughters,is going to visit Beijing this summer.史密斯先生和他的妻子、女儿们今年夏天将要一起参观北京。As a common sense,childrens involvement in social activities,athletics and hobbies is just as important as academic achievement.谓语动词必须用单数表示总称意义的名词people，police，public，cattle 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数The police are searchi
5、ng for the murderer.Wild deer in Yancheng are being well protected by the local government.谓语动词必须用复数集体名词，如family，class，group，team，club，company，government，population等作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。As far as I know，his family is not very large but the
6、 family are all music lovers.“the形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时，谓语动词用复数。The poor were looked down upon in the old days.依据主语意义而定(1)many a/more than one单数名词作主语，谓语动词单数(2)the rest,the remaining/part.主语，谓语动词根据意义定(3)分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语单复数取决于意义特殊情况All the scientific evidence shows that increasing use of chemicals in farmin
7、g is damaging our health.所有的科学证据表明，农业上越来越多的应用化工产品正在损害我们的健康。所有的科学证据表明，农业上越来越多的应用化工产品正在损害我们的健康。With more and more forests being destroyed,a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year.With more and more forests being destroyed,quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.随着
8、越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。2语法一致原则“a/the单数and单数”表示一个人(双重身份)，谓语动词用单数The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.“a/the单数anda/the单数”表示两个人，谓语动词用复数The teacher and the poet have just arrived.“every单数andevery单数”表示每一个人，谓语动词用单数Every boy and every girl has the right to rece
9、ive education in our country.通常由两个部件组成的物品如：a knife and fork(一副刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数Bread and butter is not to his taste.由and连接的两个名词作主语表示时间、数量、长度及价格，复数形式常被看作一个整体，用单数Is fifty pounds enough?Twothirds of the books are about science.Only 30%of the work was done yesterday.分数/百分数of名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据of后的名词的形式来定，如
10、果名词是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式；如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.不仅学生而且老师也喜欢这部电影。There is a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox.There are two pens
11、and a pencil in the pencilbox.文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。3.就近一致原则(1)由or，not only.but also.，neither.nor.，either.or.，whether.or.，not.but.等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.(2)here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时，通常根据就近原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
12、Here is a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks.1The writer and translator (be)delivering a speech in our school now.2He or I (be)to go.3 (be)not only the students but also their teacher required to attend the meeting?Not only the students but also their teacher required to attend the meeting.4Ten y
13、ears (be)a moment in history.5A third=30%of his compositions (have)been corrected.6The unknown (be)always something to be feared.用所给词的适当形式填空1The writer and translator is(be)delivering a speech in our school now.2He or I am(be)to go.3Are(be)not only the students but also their teacher required to att
14、end the meeting?Not only the students but also their teacher is required to attend the meeting.4Ten years is(be)a moment in history.5A third=30%of his compositions have(have)been corrected.6The unknown is(be)always something to be feared.1(2017江苏高考)The publication of Great Expectations,which _ both
15、widely reviewed and highly praised,strengthened Dickens status as a leading novelist.Ais Bare Cwas Dwere2(2017天津高考)Nowadays,cycling,along with jogging and swimming,_ as one of the best allround forms of exercise.Aregard Bis regarded Care regarded Dregards3.(2019江苏卷)22.The musician along with his ban
16、d members _ ten performances in the last three months.A.gives B has given C.have given D.give真题演练1(2017江苏高考)The publication of Great Expectations,which _ both widely reviewed and highly praised,strengthened Dickens status as a leading novelist.Ais Bare Cwas Dwere 远大前程这部小说的出版发行受到各界的评论和高度赞扬，它巩固了狄更斯作为顶
17、尖小说家的地位。分析句子结构可知，which指代“The publication of Great Expectations”，故定语从句中的谓语动词应该使用单数形式；根据句中的strengthened可知，应使用一般过去时态 C 2(2017天津高考)Nowadays,cycling,along with jogging and swimming,_ as one of the best allround forms of exercise.Aregard Bis regarded Care regarded Dregards 如今，与慢跑和游泳一样，骑自行车被看作最全面的运动方式之一。本句
18、谓语与主语之间是被动关系，表示“被看作”，应该用被动语态；句子主语部分是A along with B结构，因此谓语应在人称和数上与A保持一致，即用单数形式 B3.(2019江苏卷)22.The musician along with his band members _ ten performances in the last three months.A.gives B has given C.have given D.give过去的三个月里音乐家和乐队成员演出了十次。along with短语修饰the musician,谓语用单数 B.3（2019年新课标卷1）Of 69 nineteen
19、 recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six 70(be)stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data.4(湖南高考)All we need _ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.Aare Bwas Cis Dwere3（2019年新课标卷1）Of 69 nineteen
20、recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six 70(be)stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data.70.考点与答案：主谓一致；are 解析：本句主语为six，在语境中指代的是six polar bears所要用复数形式。4(湖南高考)All we need _ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons
21、 of the year.Aare Bwas Cis Dwere 我们所需要的就是一小块地而已，在那里我们可以在整个作物生长期内栽种各种各样的果树。根据空格后的a small piece of land 可知，谓语动词用单数，且本句表达的是现在的事实，故用一般现在时 C5(2019江苏押题卷八)Listen!Johnson,together with his classmates,_ the English Speech Contest to be held next week.Awill discuss Bhas discussed Cis discussing Dare discussin
22、g6(2019重点中学领航卷四)Although its acceptable for characters from Disney movies to suddenly break into songs and dances in the middle of a conversation,I assume itd still be weird for“reallife”actors to do the same,_？Adont I Bwouldnt it Cdont they Disnt it5(2019江苏押题卷八)Listen!Johnson,together with his clas
23、smates,_ the English Speech Contest to be held next week.Awill discuss Bhas discussed Cis discussing Dare discussing 听！约翰逊和他的同学们正在讨论下周即将举行的英语演讲比赛。根据句中的“Listen”一词可知，空处所表示的动作现在正在进行，故应用现在进行时；又名词作主语，且其后有together with连接的名词时，谓语动词的单复数应同前面的名词(Johnson)保持一致，故空处的谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。C6(2019重点中学领航卷四)Although its acce
24、ptable for characters from Disney movies to suddenly break into songs and dances in the middle of a conversation,I assume itd still be weird for“reallife”actors to do the same,_？Adont I Bwouldnt it Cdont they Disnt it 虽然迪士尼电影中的角色在谈话中突然开始唱歌、跳舞是可以接受的，但我认为对于“现实生活中的”演员来说，做同样的事情还是很奇怪的。当陈述部分为“I assume(bel
25、ieve,suppose.)宾语从句”结构时，疑问部分的谓语动词和主语应与宾语从句的谓语动词和主语保持一致 B7(2020届高三南京一模)Hey！Here is a message on my cellphone,telling me that I have won the first prize of a weekend for two in Paris.Delete it!Its a trick.Many a person _ by such tricks.Ahas been cheated Bhave been cheatedCwere cheated Dwas cheated8(201
26、9苏北四市高三二模)I am glad to find that on top of the mountain _ from the time of the Roman Empire.Alies ancient ruins Blie ancient ruins Cdoes ancient ruins lie Ddo ancient ruins lie7(2020届高三南京一模)Hey！Here is a message on my cellphone,telling me that I have won the first prize of a weekend for two in Paris
27、.Delete it!Its a trick.Many a person _ by such tricks.Ahas been cheated Bhave been cheatedCwere cheated Dwas cheated “嘿，我手机上有一条短信，告诉我已赢得巴黎周末双人游的一等奖。”“删掉它，那是个骗局。许多人被这样的短信骗过。”“many a单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。根据句意可知，许多人已经被骗过，故用现在完成时的被动语态。A8(2019苏北四市高三二模)I am glad to find that on top of the mountain _ from the
28、 time of the Roman Empire.Alies ancient ruins Blie ancient ruins Cdoes ancient ruins lie Ddo ancient ruins lie 发现山顶有源自罗马帝国时期的古代遗址，我非常高兴。on top of the mountain 属于介词短语作地点状语，提至句首时，整个句子需要完全倒装，且ruins为复数形式，故谓语动词也用复数。B9(2019重点中学领航卷七)The famous singer,as well as other wellknown musicians,_ going to attend t
29、he concert to be held in Beijing next month.Ais Bare Cwas Dwere10(2020届高三江苏高考压轴卷)_ surprised me most _ to see the headmaster of our school and some strangers seated on the benches at the end of the room.AWhat;was BWhat;were CThat;was DThat;were9(2019重点中学领航卷七)The famous singer,as well as other wellkn
30、own musicians,_ going to attend the concert to be held in Beijing next month.Ais Bare Cwas Dwere 这位著名的歌手及其他著名的音乐人将参加下个月在北京举行的音乐会。as well as 连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数应跟最前面的主语(The famous singer)保持一致，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数；再结合句中的时间状语“next month”可知，此处应用一般将来时，故选A。10(2020届高三江苏高考压轴卷)_ surprised me most _ to see the headmast
31、er of our school and some strangers seated on the benches at the end of the room.AWhat;was BWhat;were CThat;was DThat;were 令我最惊奇的是，看到我们学校的校长和一些陌生人坐在教室后面的长凳上。此处what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。其谓语动词用单数。A11(2020届高三南京第十二中月考)Zhou Hua is the only one of the students in our class that _ the firstgrade scholarship so f
32、ar.Aobtain Bobtains Chas obtained Dhave obtained12(2020届高三南通调研)Two thirds of his money _ spent on books and the rest of the money _ spent on food.Aare;is Bis;are Cwere;was Dwas;was11(2020届高三南京第十二中月考)Zhou Hua is the only one of the students in our class that _ the firstgrade scholarship so far.Aobtai
33、n Bobtains Chas obtained Dhave obtained 在“the only one of名词复数that”引导的定语从句中，that 指代的是the only one，所以从句中的谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式；由so far 现在完成时 C12(2020届高三南通调研)Two thirds of his money _ spent on books and the rest of the money _ spent on food.Aare;is Bis;are Cwere;was Dwas;was two thirds of和the rest of修饰的都是不可数
34、名词money，因此谓语动词应该用单数形式，此处时态用一般现在时或一般过去时均可，D13(2020届高三连云港模拟)According to a survey in 2016,over 30 percent of the population of the city _ into shopping in the mall.Apersuaded Bwere persuaded Chave persuaded Dwas persuaded14(2020届高三徐州市调研)Weibo as well as WeChat _ as a media platform for people to share
35、 their thoughts instantly without limits of place or time.Aserves Bis served Cserve Dare served13(2020届高三连云港模拟)According to a survey in 2016,over 30 percent of the population of the city _ into shopping in the mall.Apersuaded Bwere persuaded Chave persuaded Dwas persuaded 2016年的一项调查显示，在这个城市超过百分之三十的人
36、口已经被成功劝服到商场里购物了。population被分数、百分数修饰时，是个集合名词，谓语动词用复数形式；又因此处表示“被劝服”，所以应用被动语态；由“in 2016”可知应用一般过去时，故选B。14(2020届高三徐州市调研)Weibo as well as WeChat _ as a media platform for people to share their thoughts instantly without limits of place or time.Aserves Bis served Cserve Dare served 微博和微信可以作为一个供人们随时随地分享他们的想法的媒体平台。这里用serve的一般现在时的主动语态表示当前的状态，serve as表示“可用作，可当使用”。由as well as可知，该句的谓语应由Weibo而定，故应用第三人称单数形式，A项正确。
