1、高考英语复习高考英语复习 介词精讲介词精讲 介词是一种介词是一种虚词虚词，不能独立充当句子成分，需与动词、形，不能独立充当句子成分，需与动词、形容词、名词和代词等搭配，才能在句子中充当成分。容词、名词和代词等搭配，才能在句子中充当成分。介词是用于介词是用于名词或代词之前名词或代词之前，表示词与词之间关系的词类，表示词与词之间关系的词类，介词常，介词常与动词、形容词和名词搭配表示不同意义与动词、形容词和名词搭配表示不同意义。介词短语中介词短语中介词介词+名词、代词或可以替代名词的词（如：名词、代词或可以替代名词的词（如：动名词动名词v-ing）。介词后的代词永远为宾格形式。）。介词后的代词永远为
2、宾格形式。（一）表示时间的介词（一）表示时间的介词1.表示时间段的介词表示时间段的介词（1）in,after in+时间段，时间段，表示从现在起往后推算一段时间表示从现在起往后推算一段时间 after+时间段，时间段，表示过去某时间往后推算一段时间表示过去某时间往后推算一段时间Hell come back _ two days.He left on July 2 and returned _ three days.（2）in,during表示在一段特指的时间内，可用表示在一段特指的时间内，可用in 或或during The work was done in /during the holida
3、ys.表示年份、月份、季节用表示年份、月份、季节用in,如如:in 1999,in June,in winterinafter(3)for the past+时间段 表示在最近一段时间内，句中谓语动词常用表示在最近一段时间内，句中谓语动词常用现在现在完成时。完成时。I have been in Shanghai for the past few years.(4)for 表示延续一段时间Ill study in the U.S for two years.Ive waited for Bingo for half an hour.2.2.表示某一时间的介词表示某一时间的介词(1)at,on a
4、t 表示某一时刻，表示某一时刻，on 表示具体某一天或某一天的上午表示具体某一天或某一天的上午,下午或晚上下午或晚上.at 7:14,on Saturday morning,on the night of May 2一天内各段时间表达一天内各段时间表达,须选用正确的介词，请比较须选用正确的介词，请比较：in the morning/afternoon/evening,on the night of March 7th,on a winter/snowy/cold/morning,on Friday evening,at night/noon(2)before,bybefore 表示某一时间之前
5、，而表示某一时间之前，而by 表示到某一时间止，句中谓语动词多表示到某一时间止，句中谓语动词多用完成时态。用完成时态。如如:You must get up before six.你必须六点之前床。你必须六点之前床。By the end of last month the boy had got 4“As”.(3)after,sinceafter 可以表示过去某一点时间之后，通常和一般过去时连用，而since表示从过去某时间开始延续到现在的一段时间,与现在完成时连用，如；My father lived in Shanghai after liberation.Since the end of l
6、ast year the lady has been to Beijing five times.3.不用介词不用介词表示时间的词或词组:含this,that,last,next 等表示时间的名词词组,以及某些时间的副词或名词词组前不用介词,如：this year，last summer,yesterday,the day after tomorrow 等。（二）表示事物位置的介词（二）表示事物位置的介词(1)at,in 当事物被视作一点，不强调其空间常用介词当事物被视作一点，不强调其空间常用介词at。而。而表示空间内部用介词表示空间内部用介词in,如：如：Well meet at the s
7、upermarket.我们在超市见面我们在超市见面I had to stay in the supermarket as it was raining hard.因为下大雨，我只好呆在超市里因为下大雨，我只好呆在超市里(2)in,toin 表示事物在区域范围内的位置表示事物在区域范围内的位置，to 表示事表示事物相对区域范围之外另一事物的位置物相对区域范围之外另一事物的位置，如：，如：Shanghai is in the east of China.Japan lies to the east of China.in front of 表示在前面表示在前面,一般不在范围内，一般不在范围内，in
8、 the front of 表示在前部，在同一范围内。表示在前部，在同一范围内。The teacher lectures _ the classroom.in the front of(3)after,behindafter 指指顺序顺序先后先后,behind 指指位置位置在某事物之在某事物之后，相对于后，相对于in front of 而言而言,如：如：He entered the classroom_ the teacherHe hid himself_the door。他他躲在门后躲在门后afterbehind(4)on,in on 表示表示“在某物表面上在某物表面上”。如将物看作空间，表
9、示在其内部，如将物看作空间，表示在其内部，用介词用介词in。on over under above below There is a modern painting on the wall.墙上有一副现代油画。（指挂在墙上）墙上有一副现代油画。（指挂在墙上）There is a modern painting in the wall.墙上有一副现代油画。（指画在墙上）墙上有一副现代油画。（指画在墙上）(5)above,over,below,under over,under 表示垂直的上下关系，而表示垂直的上下关系，而above,below 仅表示位置上仅表示位置上“高于高于”或或“低于低于”,
10、不表示垂直关系。不表示垂直关系。OnOn OnOverUnderAboveBelowbetween,amongbetween 表示表示“两个事物之间两个事物之间”,among 表示表示“三者以上三者以上的事物之间的事物之间”。(三三)表示运动方向的介词表示运动方向的介词(1)into,inside,in 从外到内从外到内,如：如：He went quickly into/inside the room.He came in and sat at the table.(2)out of 从里到外，相当于从里到外，相当于outside,或从里向外或从里向外 She went out of/outs
11、ide the office in a hurry.她匆匆走出办公室。她匆匆走出办公室。(3)on 在在表面，表面，onto 到到上上 A boat is on the river.一条小船在河上。一条小船在河上。He jumped onto a tree.他跳上一棵树。他跳上一棵树。(4)across 穿过一平面，穿过一平面，through 穿过一空间穿过一空间 The boy kicked the ball hard and it moved across the grass.这男孩用力踢球，球飞过草地。这男孩用力踢球，球飞过草地。The train moved fast through
12、the tunnel.火车飞驶穿过隧道。火车飞驶穿过隧道。（四）常用介词用法比较（四）常用介词用法比较（1）as,like as 表示表示“作为作为”强调身份，强调身份，like(介词介词)表示表示“像像”As a teacher,he cares for these children.Like a teacher,he cares for these children.(2)with,in with 表示表示“外貌特征或附带的东西外貌特征或附带的东西”,“用用作工具作工具”in 表示表示”衣着衣着”，用某语言，也用，用某语言，也用inA man _dark glasses wanted to
13、 buy drinks.A man black wanted to buy drinks.The boy is learning to write pencil/a pencil.He retold the text English.with in in within (3)for,to for表示表示“为了为了.”to 表示动作对象表示动作对象,“对对,向向”，如如:He would do anything his motherland.Did you mention this my father?你对我父亲提起过这件事吗你对我父亲提起过这件事吗?for 表示表示“就某情况而说就某情况而说”
14、,to 表示表示“对某对象而言对某对象而言”如：如：Its quite warm today_February.就二月的天气，就二月的天气，今天够暖和的。今天够暖和的。What he told you just now was not new _ me。他刚才对你所说的话对我并不新鲜。他刚才对你所说的话对我并不新鲜。for to forto(4)except,besidesexcept 表示表示“从总体中排除一部分从总体中排除一部分”,与与but 同义，同义，besides 表示表示“除了一部分还有另一部分除了一部分还有另一部分”We all failed him.我们都失败了，但他没有。我们
15、都失败了，但他没有。He speaks German French.除法语外，除法语外，他还会讲德语。他还会讲德语。exceptbesides(6)介词和名词介词和名词动词等有不少固定搭配和习惯用法：动词等有不少固定搭配和习惯用法：to ones surprise/joy,in charge of,instead of,in bed(hospital),in trouble,in a hurry,in surprise,with a smile,with one voice,according to,at once,on time,in time,in all,at last,at least
16、,in the end,by the way,for example,at the same time,at the same speed,on ones way(to),in the sun,on the football team,in line,with the help of,in red/green，put on,look for,look after,run after(追求，追逐）追求，追逐）,send for（派人去请（派人去请/取）取）,enter for（报名参加竞赛）（报名参加竞赛）,pay for,showaround,listen to,arrive in/at,ge
17、t to,agree with,succeed in,think of(about),wait for 一、单句填空一、单句填空1.Fred entered without knocking and,very out of breath,sank _ a chair.(安徽安徽)2.If you really have to leave during the meeting,youd better leave _ the back door.(2008北京北京)into by3.A great man shows his greatness _ the way he treats little
18、 men.(福建福建)4.You have no idea how she finished the relay race _ her foot wounded so much.(福建福建)bywith 5.I like Mr.Miners speech;it was clear and _ the point.(辽宁辽宁)6.Lets learn to use the problem we are facing _a stepping-stone to future success.(宁夏宁夏)to as 7.I began to feel _ home in the new school
19、when I saw some familiar faces.(山东山东)8.Elizabeth has already achieved success _ her wildest dreams.(陕西陕西)at beyond 9.Everything was perfect for the picnic except _ the weather.(浙江浙江)10.-When did you last hear _ Jay?-He phoned me this morning,and we agreed _ a time and place to meet.(湖南湖南)for on from
20、11.This is a junior school.You should go to a senior school _ girls of your age.(北京北京)12.Although _ my opinion,the old professor didnt come up with his own.(福建福建)for against 13.Scientists are convinced _ the positive effect of laughter _ physical and mental health.(江西江西)14.Experts have been warning
21、_ some time of the health risks caused by passive smoking.(江西江西)offor on 15.The manager suggested an earlier date _ the meeting.(全国全国)16.Some people choose jobs for other reasons _ money these days.(全全国国)for besides 17.How amazing it is that astronauts are exploring outer space!(2009福建卷福建卷)Its a cha
22、llenge,I guess,_ man against nature.18.Most Americans would prefer to keep their problems_ themselves,and solve their problems _ themselves.(2009湖南卷湖南卷)of by to19.A great person is always putting others interests _ his own.(2009四川卷四川卷)20.Everybody was touched_ words after they heard her moving story
23、.(2009全国全国I)above beyond 21.The wine industry in the area has developed in a special way,_ little foreign ownership.(2009北京卷北京卷)22.It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot _ easy reach.(2009山东卷山东卷)with within 23.He invited me to a dance after the show _ Christmas Eve.(2009陕陕西卷西卷)24.
24、Try on this red skirt;you will look great_ it.(2009重庆卷重庆卷)25.Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden?They are _ everyones enjoyment.(2010北京卷北京卷)on infor26.I agree to his suggestion _ the condition that he drops all charges.(2010辽宁卷辽宁卷)27.My father warned me _ going to the West Coast bec
25、ause it was crowded with tourists.(2010天津卷天津卷)on against 28.The dictionary is what I want,but I dont have enough money_ me.(2010重庆卷重庆卷)29.Tired,Jim was fast asleep with his back _ a big tree.(2010四川卷四川卷)30.Sean has formed the habit of jogging _ the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.(2010上海卷上
26、海卷)with against along 介词是语法填空的一个必考点介词是语法填空的一个必考点,请做以下请做以下近年广东高考语法填空题中与介词相关近年广东高考语法填空题中与介词相关的题吧。的题吧。1.I didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didnt like leaving him _his own either.介词与广东高考介词与广东高考因因on ones own(=alone)是固定搭配是固定搭配,所所以填以填on。on2.His teacher took a deep drink and thanked his
27、student very much for the sweet water.The young man went home _a happy heart.名词名词a happy heart 在句中不作主语在句中不作主语,也不也不作动词的宾语作动词的宾语,就应是作介词的宾语就应是作介词的宾语,空空格处应填介词格处应填介词;由句意可知由句意可知,是指这个年是指这个年轻人轻人“带着带着”愉快的心情回家愉快的心情回家,表示表示“带带着着”用用with。with3.Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered.She found some go
28、od quality pipes _sale.固定搭配固定搭配on sale,表示表示“出售出售”。on4.When Jane got home,with her small but well-chosen present in her bag,her parents were already _ table having supper.名词名词(table)在句中不作主语在句中不作主语,也不作动词也不作动词的宾语的宾语,很可能就是作介词的宾语很可能就是作介词的宾语;由由having supper可知可知,填填at;因为因为at table表表示示“在餐桌边在餐桌边,在进餐在进餐”,也是习惯搭
29、配。也是习惯搭配。at5.Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life._ these proverbs there are often interesting stories.指指“在这些成语的背后在这些成语的背后”或或“在这些成在这些成语里语里”常常会有一些有趣的故事常常会有一些有趣的故事,表示表示“在在的背后的背后”,用介词用介词behind,表示表示“在在里里”,用用In。Behind/In6.He was very tired _doing this for
30、 a whole day.因因“他感到很累他感到很累”应是应是“在他做了一整在他做了一整天事之后天事之后”,表示表示“在在之后之后”,用介词用介词after;另外另外be tired from doing表示表示“因因做某事而累做某事而累”，所以也可填，所以也可填from。after/from7.I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honour of receiving me _ a guest in their house.意思是意思是“
31、把我当作客人把我当作客人”来接待来接待,表表示示“当作当作,作为作为”,用介词用介词as。as8.When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village,I wanted to reward the old woman _ the trouble I had caused her.表示表示“因因而酬谢而酬谢/报答某人报答某人”是是reward sb.for sth.。for9.For those who fly to Guilin,its only an hour away _ car and offers a
32、ll the scenery of the better-known city.表示表示“搭乘某种交通工具搭乘某种交通工具”是是by,如如by car/road/plane/air/water/ship.by10.But my connection with pandas goes back _ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvati
33、on in the wild.to二、语篇填空二、语篇填空用适当的介词填空。用适当的介词填空。Fathers Day occurs on the 3rd Sunday in June.The idea for creating a day 1 _ children to honor their fathers began in Spokane,Washington.A woman 2 _ the name of Sonora Smart Dodd thought 3_ the idea for Fathers Day while listening to a Mothers Day sermo
34、n 4_ 1909.forbyofin Having been raised 5 _ her father,Henry Jackson Smart,after her mother died,Sonora wanted her father to know how special he was 6_ her.It was her father that made all the parental sacrifices and was,7_ the eyes of his daughter,a courageous,selfless,and loving man.Sonoras father was born in June,so she chose to hold the first Fathers Day celebration 8 _ Spokane,Washington 9 _the 19th of June,1910.bytoininon In 1924 President Calvin Coolidge announced the third Sunday in June 10 _ Fathers Day.Roses are the Fathers Day flowers.as
