1、2020年外研版英语中考语法复习专题05-介词和介词短语专题(五)介词和介词短语第二篇语法专题突破考点一时间介词的用法词条词条用法用法举例举例at用来表示在具体的时刻或年龄at 8:00 在八点at noon 在中午at the age of 15 在15岁时on用来表示在具体的某一天或特定的某一天的上午/下午/晚上on June 1st 在6月1日on a cold winter day 在一个寒冷的冬日on Saturday morning 在周六上午on the evening of September 10th在9月10日的晚上（续表）词条词条用法用法举例举例on用在星期、节日前on
2、Monday 在星期一on Teachers Day 在教师节in用在某个世纪、年份、月份、季节前或泛指在上午、下午或晚上“in+一段时间”表示在一段时间之后,用于将来时in the 21st century 在21世纪in 2020 在2020年in October 在10月份in spring 在春天in a few days 几天后in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上（续表）词条词条用法用法举例举例during 在期间 during the summer holiday 在暑假期间for后接时间段,表示延续多久Alice has been
3、in China for six years.艾丽斯在中国六年了。（续表）词条词条用法用法举例举例since后接时间点/时间的分界线,或表示时间点的时间状语从句,常用于现在完成时I have lived here since 2010.自从2010年以来我就一直住在这儿。I have lived here since ten years ago.自从10年前我就一直住在这儿。I have lived here since I was a child.自从我是个孩子时我就一直住在这儿。（续表）词条词条用法用法举例举例from后接开始的时间,常用搭配:fromto 从到From now on,Il
4、l get up early.从现在起,我将要早起。before 在之前I must finish all the work before ten oclock.我必须在10点前完成所有的工作。after后接时间点,常用于将来时I will go to school after seven oclock.我将在7点之后去上学。后接以过去为起点的时间段,多用于过去时Uncle Tom finished school after three years.汤姆叔叔3年后毕业了。（续表）词条词条用法用法举例举例byby+时间点(表过去),常用于过去完成时By 2019,I had worked the
5、re for ten years.到2019年为止,我已经在那里工作10年了。by+时间点(表将来),常用于将来完成时 By the end of this term,I will have learned 1,000 English words.到这个学期结束时,我将学完1000个英语单词。until 表示动作持续到某一时间We must work here until 10 oclock.我们必须在这儿工作到10点钟。考点二表示地点和方位的介词考点二表示地点和方位的介词1.at,on,in和和to词条用法举例at后接较小的场所或具体地点at home 在家at school 在学校at t
6、he bus station 在公交站on与表面接触on the desk 在书桌上on the floor 在地板上表示两地接壤Guangxi is on the west of Guangdong.广西在广东的西边。（续表）词条词条用法用法举例举例in表示在较大的地方(国家、省、城市等)in China 在中国in Hebei 在河北in the city 在城市在周围环境是立体的地方in the forest 在森林里in the classroom 在教室里to在范围之外,不接壤Japan is to the east of China.日本在中国的东部。2.across,throug
7、h,over 和和past(1)across“横过;穿过”,指从物体表面的一边到另一边。Go across the bridge,and you will see the hotel.过了桥你就会看到那家宾馆。(2)through“穿过;透过”,指从某一物体的空间内部穿过。Go through the forest,and you will see a river.穿过森林,你将会看到一条河流。(3)over“越过;翻过”,指从某一物体的上方越过,表面不接触。The plane flew over the mountains.飞机从那些山峰的上方飞过。(4)past“经过”,指从旁边经过。Th
8、e teacher saw the boy sleeping when he walked past the classroom.当老师经过教室时,他看到那个男孩正在睡觉。3.in front of 和和in the front of(1)in front of“在前面”(范围外)。There is a tree in front of the classroom.教室前面有一棵树。(教室外)(2)in the front of“在前面”(范围内)。Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom.我们的老师站在教室的前面。(教室内)4.betw
9、een和和among(1)between 表示在两者之间。The school is between the supermarket and the bookshop.学校在超市和书店之间。(2)among 表示在三者或三者以上的人或事物之间。She sits among us,like a student.她坐在我们当中,像个学生。5.over,above,under和和below词条含义及用法over“在正上方”,不接触,其反义词是under,意为“在正下方”above“在的上方”,不接触,且不一定垂直,其反义词是below,意为“在下方”考点三表示方式、方法、途径的介词考点三表示方式、方
10、法、途径的介词词条词条用法用法举例举例byby+表示交通工具的单数名词,且名词前不加任何修饰词by plane 坐飞机by bus 坐公交车by subway 坐地铁by+与交通有关的名词,表示交通方式 I will go there by sea.我将坐船去那里。“by+名词/动名词”表示凭借工具或手段Some work must be done by hand.有些工作必须手工完成。（续表）词条词条用法用法举例举例inin+封闭的交通工具,且名词前有限定词Alan goes to work in his sisters car.艾伦坐他姐姐的车去上班。in+某种材料/语言/声音等She w
11、rote a letter in black ink.她用黑墨水写了一封信。Can you say it in English?你能用英语表达吗?（续表）词条词条用法用法举例举例onon+开放型或大型交通工具,且名词前有限定词;固定搭配除外,如on footMy father goes to work on a bus every morning.我爸爸每天早上坐公交车去上班。表示用网络、电话、收音机、电视等They talked on the phone and made a deal.他们通过电话交谈并达成了协议。with表示“用;以;借助于”,其后常接具体的工具 I wrote the
12、letter with a pen.我用钢笔写的这封信。考点四其他常考介词的用法考点四其他常考介词的用法Everyone is very happy except him.除了他,每个人都很开心。I learn English and maths besides Chinese.除了语文,我还学习英语和数学。Im leaving for Shanghai this weekend.这个周末我将去上海。He came in with a book in his hand.他进来了,手里拿着一本书。Let me speak to you as a friend.让我以朋友的身份对你讲。He is
13、leaning against the wall and he is against my opinion.他靠在墙边,反对我的观点。考点五含有介词的短语考点五含有介词的短语介词和动词、形容词和名词相结合后,有特定的意思,应熟记。常见搭配常见搭配举例举例动词+介词look at 看,look for 寻找,think of 想起,arrive at/in 到达be动词+形容词+介词be kind to 对友好,be good at 擅长,be interested in 对感兴趣,be sorry for 为抱歉,be late for 迟到（续表）常见搭配常见搭配举例举例介词+名词 on b
14、usiness 出差,in English 用英语,by bus 坐公交车,after school 放学后其他at once 立刻,with ones help 在某人的帮助下,by the way 顺便问一下,to ones surprise 使某人惊奇的是.用适当的介词填空。用适当的介词填空。1.Just walk down this street and youll see the hospital your left.2.Alan bought a big house a nice garden.3.When is the Art Festival party?Its seven o
15、clock the evening of November 18th.4.The whole family were agreement about what they should do next.onwithat onin5.Can you come to my party this evening?Sorry,I cant.I have to prepare my exams.6.Its very kind you to help me with my lessons.7.I borrowed some money my friend to buy a book.8.April 22nd
16、,people around the world celebrate Earth Day in different ways.9.Welcome to our store.We have skirts all colors$16 each.10.My mother says my friend is similar me,but I think she is different me.foroffromOnin for tofrom.从方框中选择恰当的短语并用其正确形式填空。从方框中选择恰当的短语并用其正确形式填空。in front ofwith the help ofin factin a
17、hurry without doubtthanks toat firstin public in commonin the middle of11.our government,we can play sports on the new playground next week.Thats for sure!And well have a sports meeting in one month.12.Grace often gets nervous before she gives a speech_.Thanks to in publicin front ofwith the help of
18、in factin a hurry without doubtthanks toat firstin public in commonin the middle of13.Why are you unhappy these days,Julie?I cant see the blackboard because two tall boys sit _ _ _me.14.,the Chinese know about tea culture best.15.,many countries hope to build trade relations with China because of th
19、e“Belt and Road”.16.The more I get to know Nancy,the more I realize that we have a lot .in front ofWithout doubtIn factin commonin front ofwith the help ofin factin a hurry without doubtthanks toat firstin public in commonin the middle of17.the classmates,he got to the top of the mountain successfully.18.There is an island the lake in our hometown.19.He left home and forgot to turn off the light this morning.20.,the Internet was only used by the government.But now its widely used in every field.With the help ofin the middle ofin a hurryAt first
