1、小升初语法总复习课件一、词类:一、词类:这里强调一点:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用这里强调一点:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用 is1)名词复数如何加后缀(各种不同情况变化)名词复数如何加后缀(各种不同情况变化)A.一般情况直接加一般情况直接加-sbook-books bag-bags cat-cats bed-bedsB.以以s.x.sh.ch结尾加结尾加-es:bus-buses box-boxes brush-brushes watch-watches peachpeaches glassglassesC.以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾变结尾变y为为i,再加再加-es fam
2、ily-families studystudiesD.以以“f或或fe”结尾变结尾变f或或fe为为v,再加,再加-es knife-knivesE.不规则名词复数不规则名词复数man-men woman-women policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen mouse-mice foot-feet child-children fish-fish Chinese-Chinese练习练习写出下列各词的复数写出下列各词的复数 I _him _this _her _watch _child _photo _diary _day_ foot_ book_
3、dress _tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _man_ woman_ paper_ juice_water_ milk_ rice_ tea_ 2.2.人称代词人称代词第三人称第三人称第二人称第二人称第一人称第一人称I ,we 主格主格you he,she,it,theyme ,us you him,herIt them宾格宾格3.3.形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词I you she he it they we主格:My your her his its their our形容词性物主代词形容词性物
4、主代词:1.This is(my/I)mother.2.2.Nice to meet(your/you).3.3.(He/His)name is Mark.4.4.Whats(she/her)name?5.5.Excuse(me/my/I).6.Are(your/you)Miss Li?7.(I/My)am Ben.8.(She/Her)is my sister.9.Fine,thank(your/you).10.How old is(he/his)exercises4.4.指示代词指示代词指近处指远处单数指近处指远处单数this (这个)(这个)that(那个)(那个)复数复数these(这
5、些)(这些)those(那些)(那些)5.5.冠词有冠词有a a、anan、thethe。a a和和anan的区别:的区别:an用于元用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母音音素(一般就是元音字母a、e、i、o、u)前,)前,a用于辅音音素前。用于辅音音素前。6.6.形容词和副词的比较级形容词和副词的比较级一、形容词的比较级一、形容词的比较级1.形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较。比较级前面可以用级前面可以用more,a little 来修饰表示程度。来修饰表示程度。
6、than后的人称代后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。2.形容词加形容词加er的规则:一般在词尾加的规则:一般在词尾加er;以字母;以字母e 结尾,加结尾,加r;3.以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加再加er;“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾,先把结尾,先把y变变i,再加,再加er。4.不规则形容词比较级:不规则形容词比较级:good-better,beautiful-more beautiful二、副词的比较级二、副词的比较级1形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副
7、用动)(1)在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后(2)副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:well-better,far-farther)练习根据句意填入单词的正确形式:根据句意填入单词的正确形式:1.My brother is two years _(old)than me.2.Tom is as _(fat)as Jim.3.Is your sister _(young)than you?Yes,she is.4.Who is _(thin),you or Helen?Helen is.5.Whose pencil-box
8、 is _(big),yours or hers?Hers is.6.Marys hair is as _(long)as Lucys.7.Ben _(jump)_(high)than some of the boys in his class.8._ Nancy sing _(well)than Helen?Yes,she _.9.Fangfang is not as _(tall)as the other girls.10.My eyes are _(big)than _(she).11.Which is _(heavy),the elephant or the pig?12.Who ge
9、ts up _(early),Tim or Tom?二、否定句二、否定句be动词(动词(am、is、are)+not、情态动词情态动词can+not、助动词(助动词(do、does)+not如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句:如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句:1.看句中有无看句中有无be动词,如有,直接在动词,如有,直接在be动词后动词后+not。2.看句中有无情态动词,如有,直接在情态动词后看句中有无情态动词,如有,直接在情态动词后+not。3.如上述二者都没有,就应用助动词如上述二者都没有,就应用助动词+not。三、一般疑问句三、一般疑问句 w(1 1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加上
10、去,)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加上去,位置在主语(某人或某物)后,动词前。位置在主语(某人或某物)后,动词前。w(2 2)确定助动词用)确定助动词用dodo、doesdoes,根据句中动词,动,根据句中动词,动词是原形的助动词就用词是原形的助动词就用dodo,动词是第三人称单数的助,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用动词就用doesdoes,w(3 3)在助动词后加)在助动词后加notnot。w(4 4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。w强调一点,有强调一点,有somesome的要考虑是否要用的要考虑是否要用anyany。常用疑问词常用疑问词
11、:What time 什么时间什么时间 问具体时间,如几点问具体时间,如几点Who谁问人谁问人 Whose 谁的问主人谁的问主人Where在哪里问地点在哪里问地点What 什么问东西、事物什么问东西、事物What colour什么颜色问颜色什么颜色问颜色How old多大年纪问年纪多大年纪问年纪How many多少数量(可数名词)问数量多少数量(可数名词)问数量How much多少钱;多少数量(不可数名词)多少钱;多少数量(不可数名词)问多少钱或数量(不可数)问多少钱或数量(不可数)五五 时态(一):一般现在时时态(一):一般现在时用法用法经常性的和习惯性的动作经常性的和习惯性的动作常用时间状
12、语常用时间状语动词构成动词构成 否定构成否定构成 :dont+动原动原 doesnt+动原动原一般疑问构成及简答一般疑问构成及简答特殊疑问举例特殊疑问举例1.1.She _(go)to school at She _(go)to school at eight oclock.eight oclock.2.2.Its six oclock.They are Its six oclock.They are _ supper.(eat)_ supper.(eat)3.3.He usually _ up at He usually _ up at 17:00.(get)17:00.(get)4.4.S
13、he _(live)in Beijing.She _(live)in Beijing.5.5.Sally _(be)here just now.Sally _(be)here just now.(刚才刚才)6.6._(be)there a fly(_(be)there a fly(苍蝇苍蝇)on the)on the table just now?table just now?7.7.They are _(dig)a hole(They are _(dig)a hole(洞洞).).8.8.My father _(mend)his My father _(mend)his model(mode
14、l(模型模型)plane these days)plane these days用法:说话时正在进行的动作或当用法:说话时正在进行的动作或当 前前一段时间正在进行的动作一段时间正在进行的动作常用时间状语常用时间状语:动词构成动词构成:否定构成否定构成:For example:Tom is playing football on the playground.一般疑问构成及简答一般疑问构成及简答:特殊疑问举例:特殊疑问举例:用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Look!The children _(swim)in the river.2.Now we _(want
15、)to play basketball.3.-_you _(draw)a picture?-No,Im not.I _(write)a letter.4 What are you _(do)now?I _(eat)bread.5.Its nine oclock.My father_(work)in the office.6.Look,the boy_(put)the rubbish into the bin.7._ he _(clean)the classroom?No,he isnt.He_(play).8.Where is Mark?He_(run)on the grass.9.Liste
16、n,who _(sing)in the music room?Oh,10.Look!LiPing and Li Ying _(play)basketball now.用法:过去时间发生的或过去经常性的动作常用时间状语:yesterday,last night,two days ago,in 2000,at that time,before liberation,when 等引导的含 过去时的句子。动词构成:动词过去时(-ed)worked work否定构成:didnt+动原 didnt work 一般疑问构成及简答举例:Did+主语+动原+其它?Yes,主语+did./No,主语+didnt.
17、一般疑问构成及简答举例:Did+主语+动原+其它?We went to the cinema yesterday.Did you go to the cinema yesterday?特殊疑问句举例:What did he do yesterday?When did he get up this morning?备注:He opened the door.(不能确定门现在是否开着)练习练习w一、一、用用bebe动词的适当形式填空动词的适当形式填空1.I _ at school just now.2.He _ at the camp last week.3.We _ students two y
18、ears ago.4.They _ on the farm a moment ago.5.Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year.6.There _ an apple on the plate yesterday.7.There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.8.The mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening.二、二、句型转换句型转换1.It was exciting.否定句:否定句:_一般疑问句:一般疑问句:_肯、否定回答:肯、否定回答:_2.All the st
19、udents were very excited.否定句:否定句:_一般疑问句:一般疑问句:_肯、否定回答:肯、否定回答:_用法:将来会出现或发生的动作用法:将来会出现或发生的动作常用时间状语:常用时间状语:this evening,tomorrow,next month,in a few minutes,at the end of this term动词构成动词构成:1.will/shall+动原动原 2.am/is/are going to+动词原型动词原型 3.sm/is/are(about)+动词不定式动词不定式 4.am/is/are+coming等现在分词等现在分词否定构成:否定构
20、成:will/shall not do/a m/is/are not going to do特殊疑问句举例特殊疑问句举例:What will you do tomorrow?When are we going to have a class meeting?备注:在备注:在if条件或条件或as soon as等时间状语从句中用一等时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。般现在时代替一般将来时。I will write to you as soon as I arrived in Beijing.练习填空。填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a p
21、icnic with my friends.I _ have a picnic with my friends.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。我想去打篮球。What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday?I _ _ _ play basketball.What _ you do next Monday?I _ play basketball.3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。_ your mother _ _ go shopping this _?Yes,she _.She _ _ _ buy some fruit.4.你们打算什么时候见面。你们打算什么时候见面。