1、短文改错复习指导短文改错复习指导1一一 短文改错的话题选择短文改错的话题选择 二二 短文改短文改错的设题切入口错的设题切入口三三 短文改错的题型设计短文改错的题型设计四四 解题指导与建议解题指导与建议21.1.短文改错的选材通常取自学生的作品，或短文改错的选材通常取自学生的作品，或类似学生的作品。类似学生的作品。20152015年短文改错题，依然是一年短文改错题，依然是一篇学生习作篇学生习作,设计的考点也与往年相同。设计的考点也与往年相同。2.2.内容来自学生身边的常见话题。内容来自学生身边的常见话题。3.3.篇章结构的难易程度符合学生的实际水平。篇章结构的难易程度符合学生的实际水平。4.4.
2、语言明白易懂。语言明白易懂。5.5.基本上不涉及生僻的语言现象和繁难的语句结构。基本上不涉及生僻的语言现象和繁难的语句结构。6.6.试题并不是单纯检测语法知识，而是检测考生试题并不是单纯检测语法知识，而是检测考生写作能力中的校验能力。写作能力中的校验能力。一一.试题的话题选择试题的话题选择3二二.短文改错的设题切入口短文改错的设题切入口近五年高考短文改错题题型稳定、考查点近五年高考短文改错题题型稳定、考查点多、覆盖面广。一般以四种题型出现：对、多、覆盖面广。一般以四种题型出现：对、错、多、少。从错误比例上看，一般为多错、多、少。从错误比例上看，一般为多词词1 1处，少词处，少词2 2处，错误处
3、，错误7 78 8处。处。设问的角度有三个：词法、句法和行文逻设问的角度有三个：词法、句法和行文逻辑。从这三个角度考查学生在语篇中综合辑。从这三个角度考查学生在语篇中综合运用英语的准确性。运用英语的准确性。41 1缺词是指由于漏掉某个词而使句子成份或固缺词是指由于漏掉某个词而使句子成份或固定搭配残缺不全。多表现为缺少冠词，连词，定搭配残缺不全。多表现为缺少冠词，连词，介词，物主代词，助动词和不定式符号介词，物主代词，助动词和不定式符号to,to,被被动语态的动语态的bebe等。等。The factory at the comer of Friendship Street and Zhongsh
4、an Road has been moved out of the city,and sports center has been built in its place2009全国卷1分析分析：sports前加a。sports center是可数名词单数，表示不确定。5Some friends of his go to see him every day,Some friends of his go to see him every day,they take they take him l lot s of good books and fresh fruitot s of good boo
5、ks and fresh fruit.分析：分析：they take him-and.they take him-and.前后文是并列关系，前后文是并列关系，用并列连词用并列连词andand。It was a lesson to us that it was possible give without expecting anything in return.2009浙江卷分析：考查固定句型。此处用分析：考查固定句型。此处用 It is/was possible It is/was possible to do sth.to do sth.句型句型 62.多词多词多词现象主要表现为多词现象主要
6、表现为词义重复词义重复。做题时不仅应注。做题时不仅应注意分析句子结构，词义内涵，还应重视语篇整体意分析句子结构，词义内涵，还应重视语篇整体构成。某些句子，独立分析似无懈可击，但根据构成。某些句子，独立分析似无懈可击，但根据行文逻辑进行分析，则错误迭现。行文逻辑进行分析，则错误迭现。The market at the corner of Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has been given way to a supermarket.全国卷1 分析：去掉been。短语give way to“让路”，用主动语态。7Im sorry thatI wasnt
7、able to return to your bike Im sorry thatI wasnt able to return to your bike on time yesterday.2009on time yesterday.2009全国卷全国卷2 2 分析：去掉分析：去掉to to，returnreturn归还，是及物动词，这归还，是及物动词，这里里toto多余多余 I stood there and couldnt believe in that a I stood there and couldnt believe in that a complete stranger was
8、so thoughtful.2009complete stranger was so thoughtful.2009浙浙江卷江卷 分析：去掉分析：去掉believebelieve后的后的in in，这里不是信任而是，这里不是信任而是相信的意思相信的意思 83.3.错词错词此类错误涉及面较广，较为常见的是搭配错误和语法此类错误涉及面较广，较为常见的是搭配错误和语法错误。考生平时写作中易范的错误常常是命题的焦点。错误。考生平时写作中易范的错误常常是命题的焦点。A.A.介词错误介词错误B.名词单复数误用名词单复数误用C.代词误用代词误用D.时态错误时态错误E.非谓语动词错误非谓语动词错误F.主谓不一
9、致错误主谓不一致错误G.词性误用词性误用H.连词误用连词误用I.冠词误用冠词误用9A.A.介词错误介词错误1.1.Im a newcomer here of a small town.Im a newcomer here of a small town.分析：of 改为from。from“来自于”2.2.Im sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool.Im sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool.分析分析：toto改为改为at at。Laugh at Laugh at 是固定搭配。是固
10、定搭配。After five years away in my hometown,I find that the neighborhood which I used to live in has changed a lot.2009全国卷1分析：分析：infrominfrom。句意是我离开家乡五年，。句意是我离开家乡五年，away away fromfrom属于固定搭配。属于固定搭配。10B.B.名词单复数误名词单复数误用用 I stayed here for one and a half hour.2009全国卷2分析：.hour改为hours One rainy day while I w
11、as walking home with one of my friend,a trunk came to stopbeside us.2009浙江卷 分析：分析：考查名词数。考查名词数。one of one of 后受后受one ofone of影响必须用影响必须用名词复数形式，应改为名词复数形式，应改为friends.friends.11C.C.代词误代词误This man might need the umbrella himself,but he preferred to give it to everyone else.2009 浙江卷【解析解析】everyone-someone/s
12、omebody everyone-someone/somebody。考查不定代词用法。考查不定代词用法。everyone else everyone else 错误说法，错误说法，每个人，就不可能再有别人；每个人，就不可能再有别人；别人别人 应表示为应表示为someone/somebody elsesomeone/somebody else。I Im glad to know that you have an interest in Chinese m glad to know that you have an interest in Chinese Food.Here Id like to
13、tell you something aboutFood.Here Id like to tell you something about them them 2009重庆卷分析：them-it依语境知。12D.D.时态错时态错Im sorry that I wasnt able to return your bike on time yesterday.I mean to give it back to you before four in the afternoon，but was hold up on my way back.2009全国卷2分析：mean改为meant,hold改为he
14、ld;文章是描述过去发生的事情。I Im glad to know that you m glad to know that you hadhad an interest in Chinese an interest in Chinesefood.2009重庆卷Food.Food.分析:had-have描述现在的事情描述现在的事情13E.E.非谓语动词错非谓语动词错So I helped them going to the nearest So I helped them going to the nearest hospital.2009hospital.2009全国卷全国卷2 2分析：分析
15、：goinggoing改为改为gogo考查非谓语动词的复合结构：考查非谓语动词的复合结构：help sb(to)do sthhelp sb(to)do sthMy classmate,Joseph,is at present in hospitalMy classmate,Joseph,is at present in hospital w with a breaking leg.ith a breaking leg.20092009陕西卷陕西卷.【解析解析】breaking-broken breaking-broken非谓语动词做定语，与非谓语动词做定语，与所修饰词是被动关系，用过去分词所修
16、饰词是被动关系，用过去分词 14F.F.主谓不一致错误主谓不一致错误I stayed here for one and a half hours and made sure that the girl were al l hope you understand.2009 全国卷2 分析：.were改为was主语是第三人称主语是第三人称sheshe A little bit sweet,A little bit sweet,differdiffer from Sichuan food that is rather from Sichuan food that is ratherHot2009Ho
17、t2009四川卷四川卷.分析分析:d:differ-.iffer-.differsdiffers15The factory at the comer of Friendship Street and Zhongshan Road has been moved out of the city,and a sports center has been built in their place 2009全国卷1分析：their its。前文中提到了名词The factory是单数，因此把their改为its。代词应与指代词应与指代对象一致。代对象一致。16G.G.词性误用（常发生在动词与名词、名词词
18、性误用（常发生在动词与名词、名词与形容词，形容词与副词之间）与形容词，形容词与副词之间）He has a comfortable.room,patiently nurses,and a great deal of time to read.2009 陕西卷分析；分析；patiently-patientpatiently-patient.so I grateful accepted the offer 2009浙江卷分析：分析：gratefull-gratefullygratefull-gratefully考查副词用法。副词修饰考查副词用法。副词修饰动词动词acceptaccept.17H.H.
19、连词误连词误分析：分析：they take him-and.they take him-and.前后文是并列关系，用并列连词前后文是并列关系，用并列连词andand。Some friends of his go to see him every day,they take him Lost of good books and fresh fruit.2009陕西卷 I meant to give it back to you before four in the I meant to give it back to you before four in the afternoonafterno
20、on，and I was hold up on my way back.and I was hold up on my way back.全国卷2分析分析：and改为but前后文是转折关系，用转折连词前后文是转折关系，用转折连词butbut18I.I.冠词误冠词误E very kind of the Chinese food is worth trying。2009重庆卷分析：分析：去掉去掉thethe【解析解析】考查冠词用法。由考查冠词用法。由umbrella umbrella 的发音可知，的发音可知，元音前应使用冠词元音前应使用冠词an an The driver put the wind
21、ow down and offered us a umbrella The driver put the window down and offered us a umbrella 20092009浙江卷浙江卷19J J逻辑失误逻辑失误A little girl was hurt and her mother needed help.So I helped A little girl was hurt and her mother needed help.So I helped them go to the nearest hospital.I stayed here for one and
22、a half them go to the nearest hospital.I stayed here for one and a half hours.2009hours.2009全国卷全国卷2 2分析：分析：.here.here改为改为there;there;20动词形，动词形，名词数名词数注意是形还是副注意是形还是副非谓语动词细辨别非谓语动词细辨别.习惯用法要记住习惯用法要记住.句子成分多分析句子成分多分析.逻辑错误需关注逻辑错误需关注短文改错纠错口诀短文改错纠错口诀21短文改错纠错口诀短文改错纠错口诀短文改错得分易，短文改错得分易，正确格式记心里：正确格式记心里：一看一致二词类，一看
23、一致二词类，三多四少五搭配，三多四少五搭配，六句七语八非谓，六句七语八非谓，九看逻辑对不对，九看逻辑对不对，校验无误就全对。校验无误就全对。22解题指导解题指导要提高短文改错的解题能力，不仅需要平时有计划地要提高短文改错的解题能力，不仅需要平时有计划地按照语言知识的难易程度、语言使用规律，由浅入深、按照语言知识的难易程度、语言使用规律，由浅入深、由简到繁地进行训练，而且还应掌握一定的由简到繁地进行训练，而且还应掌握一定的解题技巧解题技巧，以减少盲目性。以减少盲目性。一、通读全文，掌握大意通读全文，掌握大意二、整句理解，逐行推敲整句理解，逐行推敲三、先易后难，各个击破先易后难，各个击破23EXE
24、RCISESEXERCISES：20092009全国卷全国卷1 1After five years away in my hometown,I find that 76.After five years away in my hometown,I find that 76._The neighborhood which I used to living in has changed The neighborhood which I used to living in has changed 77._77._a lot.The Sichuan Restaurant and the older f
25、ish shop a lot.The Sichuan Restaurant and the older fish shop 78._ 78._ across theacross the street from our middle school were gone.street from our middle school were gone.79._79._There exist now a park that has a small river running There exist now a park that has a small river running 80._80._thr
26、ough.The factory at the comer of Friendship Street and 81.through.The factory at the comer of Friendship Street and 81._Zhongshan Road has been moved out of the city,and sports 82.Zhongshan Road has been moved out of the city,and sports 82._center has been built in their place.The market at the corn
27、er of 83.center has been built in their place.The market at the corner of 83._Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has been given way to 84.Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has been given way to 84._a supermarket.Besides the bookstore next to our middle 85.a supermarket.Besides the bookstore next to o
28、ur middle 85._ school is still there._ school is still there.24【解析解析】76.infrom。句意是我离开家乡五年，away from属于固定搭配。77.living live。used to 后跟动词原形，表示“过去常常做某事请”。78.older old。句中没有比较的意思。79.were are。根据上文可知饭店和鱼店消失都陈述的是现在的情况。80.exist exists。主语a park是单数第三人称。81.正确 82.sports前加a。sports center是可数名词单数，表示不确定。83.their its。前
29、文中提到了名词The factory是单数，因此把their改为its。84.去掉been。短语give way to“让路”，用主动语态。85.Besides But。前后表示转折关系。25Hi,Susan.Hi,Susan.Im sorry that I wasnt able to return to your Im sorry that I wasnt able to return to your 76 76bike on time yesterday.I mean to give it bike on time yesterday.I mean to give it 77 77back
30、 to you before four in the afternoonback to you before four in the afternoon，and I and I 78 78was hold up on my way back.Just before I was hold up on my way back.Just before I 79 79turned corner of park street.I happened to turned corner of park street.I happened to 80 80see an accident.A little gir
31、l was hurt and her see an accident.A little girl was hurt and her 81 81mother needed help.So I helped them going to mother needed help.So I helped them going to 82 82the nearest hospital.I stayed here for one and the nearest hospital.I stayed here for one and 83 83a half hour and made sure that the
32、girl was all a half hour and made sure that the girl was all 84 84hope you understand.hope you understand.85 85Thank you!Thank you!Li LingLi Ling2009全国卷226答案：76.去掉to;77.mean改为meant;78.and改为but;79.hold改为held;80.turned the corner;81.正确；82.going改为go;83.here改为there;84.hour改为hours;85.were改为was27See you.See you.28
