1、句子成分句子成分高三英语一轮复习高三英语一轮复习12一、句子成分的含义及分类一、句子成分的含义及分类 1.含义：句子由各个组成部分构成，含义：句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫作句子成分。这些组成部分叫作句子成分。2.分类：分类：句子成分可分为句子成分可分为主语、谓语主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语和同位语等和同位语等。22022-10-26二、主语二、主语 1.概念概念 主语是句子的主语是句子的主体主体，用于说明谓语所表示的动作，用于说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的或状态的执行者执行者，除倒装句外，一般位于句子的，除倒装句外，一般位于句子的开头开头。2.
2、主语的成分：主语通常由主语的成分：主语通常由名词、代词、数词、名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当，一般用双横，一般用双横线线“=”标出。标出。2019全国卷全国卷书面表达书面表达You can watch them in your spare time.(代词作主语代词作主语)2019北京卷书面表达北京卷书面表达Transportation matters so much while traveling.(名词作主语名词作主语)32022-10-26 2018全国卷全国卷书面表达书面表达To bring a small gift is a good
3、idea.It is a good idea to bring a small gift.(动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语)2017全国卷全国卷书面表达书面表达To start with,what I intend to stress is that we are about to start our next lesson in Classroom 8 of the Teaching Building at 10 am.next Friday.(从句作主语从句作主语)Forming a good habit in our daily life is of great benefit to
4、us.(动名词短语作主语动名词短语作主语)42022-10-26即练即练：用双横线：用双横线“=”标出下列句子的主语。标出下列句子的主语。2019江苏卷书面表达江苏卷书面表达Whats more,the traditional Chinese dress cant reflect the unique culture of our school.2018全国卷全国卷书面表达书面表达Im pleased to know your Chinese friend has invited you to dinner.2016高考四川卷书面表达高考四川卷书面表达Different people like
5、 different seasons;my favourite season is spring.江西卷书面表达江西卷书面表达To get along well with others is the second thing you should learn.2015高考天津卷书面表达高考天津卷书面表达What I am going to tell you is about donating books from our school to your Chinese class.52022-10-26 答案 Whats more,the traditional Chinese dress ca
6、nt reflect the unique culture of our school.Im pleased to know your Chinese friend has invited you to dinner.Different people like different seasons;my favourite season is spring.To get along well with others is the second thing you should learn.What I am going to tell you is about donating books fr
7、om our school to your Chinese class.62022-10-26三、谓语 1.概念概念：谓语是用来描述主语的谓语是用来描述主语的行为动作行为动作、状态或特征的状态或特征的词词，一般用单横线，一般用单横线“_”标出。标出。2.作谓语的动词：作谓语的动词：(1)实义动词实义动词(短语短语)可以单独作谓语，有时态、人可以单独作谓语，有时态、人称和数的变化称和数的变化(2)系动词不能单独作谓语系动词不能单独作谓语，系表结构才可以作谓，系表结构才可以作谓语语(3)助动词和情态动词也不能单独作谓语助动词和情态动词也不能单独作谓语，“助动助动词词/情态动词实义动词情态动词实义动
8、词”可以作谓语可以作谓语72022-10-26 2019全国卷全国卷书面表达书面表达I can give a brief introduction of these masterpieces from the perspective of a native speaker of China.(“情态情态动词实义动词动词实义动词”作谓语作谓语)2019全国卷全国卷书面表达书面表达I have good news to tell you that a music festival will be held in our school hall on June 5 at 2：00 pm.(实义动词作
9、谓实义动词作谓语语)2019全国卷全国卷书面表达书面表达I am good at English and familiar with Chinese paintings.(系表结构作系表结构作谓语谓语)82022-10-26 即练即练：用单横线：用单横线“_”标出下列句子的谓语。标出下列句子的谓语。Half an hour later,I managed to find the correct answer.When he got up at 7：00 am.,a big plan occurred to him.The watch is necessary in our daily life
10、,but its function is too simple and dull.We may have different opinions in organizing class activities.2018高考浙江卷书面表达高考浙江卷书面表达Whats more,I have some experience in accompanying foreign friends.92022-10-26 答案答案 Half an hour later,I managed to find the correct answer.When he got up at 7：00 am,a big plan
11、 occurred to him.The watch is necessary in our daily life,but its function is too simple and dull.We may have different opinions in organizing class activities.Whats more,I have some experience in accompanying foreign friends.102022-10-26四、宾语四、宾语 1.概念概念 宾语是宾语是动作的对象或承受者动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词，一般位于及物动词和介词的
12、后面。和介词的后面。2.作宾语的词作宾语的词 可以用作宾语的有：可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和从句等、动名词和从句等，一般用波浪线，一般用波浪线“”标出。标出。2019全国卷全国卷书面表达书面表达So I am writing this letter asking to be a volunteer.(名词作宾语名词作宾语)2019全国卷全国卷书面表达书面表达Im glad to tell you that a Chinese classical music concert will be held in the music hall of our
13、 school on November 112022-10-26 2018全国卷全国卷书面表达书面表达Dont forget to praise your friend for the delicious foods he offers.(不定式作宾语不定式作宾语)用波浪线用波浪线“”标出下列句子的宾语。标出下列句子的宾语。Ive already written the application letter and personal resume.Suddenly he thought of seeing the beautiful views of the city again before
14、 setting out.Im sorry to hear that you are going to return to your country very soon.I plan to go for an outing，and I would like to invite you to participate.122022-10-26 答案答案 Ive already written the application letter and personal resume.Suddenly he thought of seeing the beautiful views of the city
15、 again before setting out.Im sorry to hear that you are going to return to your country very soon.I plan to go for an outing，and I would like to invite you to participate.132022-10-26五、表语五、表语 1.表语与前面的系动词一起构成表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语复合谓语(系表结构系表结构)，用来，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。等。2.可以用作表语的有可以用作表语的有：名
16、词、代词、数词、形容词：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、分词和从句等，一般、副词、介词短语、不定式、分词和从句等，一般用虚线用虚线“”标出。标出。My name is Li Hua.(名词作表语名词作表语)My aim is to let China go to the world and let the world understand China.(不定式作表语不定式作表语)Thats why I think the trip along the Yangtze will be a better choice.(从句作表语从句作表语)We are confident th
17、at we can win this competition.(形容词作表语形容词作表语)142022-10-26 用虚线用虚线“”标出下列句子的表语。标出下列句子的表语。2017全国卷全国卷书面表达书面表达It is a Chinese folk art with a long history.2017高考浙江卷书面表达高考浙江卷书面表达At eight on the morning of October 1,we are to gather at the school gate.2016全国卷全国卷书面表达书面表达The theme of the show is environmental
18、 protection.The most important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not do or say anything youll regret.152022-10-26 答案 It is a Chinese folk art with a long history.At eight on the morning of October 1,we are to gather at the school gate.The theme of the show is environmental pro
19、tection.The most important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not do or say anything youll regret.162022-10-26六、定语六、定语 1.定语是用来定语是用来描述名词的品质与特征的修饰语描述名词的品质与特征的修饰语，它，它常和名词构成名词短语。单个词作定语时常放在被常和名词构成名词短语。单个词作定语时常放在被修饰词之前，而短语和从句作定语时往往放在被修修饰词之前，而短语和从句作定语时往往放在被修饰词之后。饰词之后。2.以用作定语的有：以用作定语的有
20、：形容词、名词、代词、数词、形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、分词和从句副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、分词和从句等等，加红标出。，加红标出。Im sure it is a good chance to perform your favorite music.(形容词作定语形容词作定语)The exhibition will be held in the City Museum located in the north of our city.(分词作定语分词作定语)172022-10-26Im a Chinese student who is taking a sum
21、mer course in London now.(从句作定语从句作定语)用加红标出下列句子的定语。用加红标出下列句子的定语。2019全国卷全国卷书面表达书面表达Im deeply convinced that I can be a devoted volunteer.2019全国卷全国卷书面表达书面表达Im writing to tell you something about the upcoming volleyball tournament,which is scheduled to be held in the new stadium next month.2019北京卷书面表达北京
22、卷书面表达As for clothes,sunprotective coats and hats would be necessary.All the books offered by the students are reported to have been sent to the children in the countryside the other day.182022-10-26 答案答案 Im deeply convinced that I can be a devoted volunteer.Im writing to tell you something about the
23、 upcoming volleyball tournament,which is scheduled to be held in the new stadium next month.As for clothes,sunprotective coats and hats would be necessary.All the books offered by the students are reported to have been sent to the children in the countryside the other day.192022-10-26七、状语七、状语 1.状语状语
24、动词、形容词、副词或句子的修饰语动词、形容词、副词或句子的修饰语 状语是用于状语是用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一种成分的一种成分。2.可以用作状语的有：可以用作状语的有：副词、名词、数词、形容副词、名词、数词、形容词、介词、短语、不定式、分词、独立主格和从词、介词、短语、不定式、分词、独立主格和从句句等，一般用加蓝标出。等，一般用加蓝标出。2019全国卷全国卷书面表达书面表达,Im extremely excited.(分词短语做状语分词短语做状语)202022-10-26 2018全国卷全国卷书面表达书面表达,youd better arrive a
25、 bit earlier.(不不定式短语作状语定式短语作状语)2019北京卷书面表达北京卷书面表达,shared bikes would be the best choice.(从句作状语从句作状语)2019全国卷全国卷书面表达书面表达Looking forward to seeing you.(副词作状语副词作状语)212022-10-26 用加蓝标出下列句子的状语。用加蓝标出下列句子的状语。After a weeks trip,he returned home，tired but very happy.高考北京卷书面表达高考北京卷书面表达To solve this problem,my c
26、lassmates and I discussed it and came up with a suggestion and later reported to the headmaster.2019全国卷全国卷书面表达书面表达So,please come to our school gym at 6：00 pm and we train together.2017全国卷全国卷书面表达书面表达Visiting this exhibition,we will not only enjoy the folk art works,but also learn a lot.222022-10-26 答
27、案答案,he returned home，tired but very happy.,my classmates and I discussed it and came up with a suggestion and later reported to the headmaster.So,please come to our school gym and we train ,we will not only enjoy the folk art works,but also learn a lot.232022-10-26八、补足语八、补足语 1.补足语是用来补足语是用来说明宾语或主语的性质
28、、状态等说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。的一种句子成分。(1)补充说明补充说明主语意义主语意义的句子成分叫作的句子成分叫作主语补足语主语补足语；(2)补充说明补充说明宾语意义宾语意义的句子成分叫作的句子成分叫作宾语补足语宾语补足语。2.可以用作补足语的有：可以用作补足语的有：形容词、副词、名词、形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、分词和从句介词短语、不定式、分词和从句等。等。The president appointed John Manager of Marketing.(名词作宾补名词作宾补)总裁任命约翰为营销部经理。总裁任命约翰为营销部经理。Well try our bes
29、t to make our country more and more beautiful.(形容词作宾补形容词作宾补)242022-10-26 标出下列句子的补足语。标出下列句子的补足语。Popular science books can help us students to become more interested in science and nature.To learn English well,we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.2016全国卷全国卷书面表达书面表达I
30、hope the change will not cause you too much trouble.252022-10-26 答案答案 Popular science books can help us students to become more interested in science and nature.To learn English well,we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.I hope the change will not cause you too much
31、 trouble.262022-10-26九、同位语九、同位语 1.对句子中的名词或代词做进一步对句子中的名词或代词做进一步解释、说明解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位同等地位的句子成分的句子成分叫作同位语。叫作同位语。2.可以用作同位语的有：可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。等。2019天津卷书面表达天津卷书面表达Im Li Jin,a student at Chenguang High School.(名词短语作同位语名词短语作同位语)2017高考天津卷书面表达高考天津卷
32、书面表达There is no doubt that I will improve its reputation through my efforts.(从句作同位语从句作同位语)272022-10-26 Personally,I prefer the tour along the Yangtze,the longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization.(名词作同位语名词作同位语)标出下列句子的同位语标出下列句子的同位语。They three want to travel around the world t
33、ogether on foot.We are going to the local nursing home for the coming Double Ninth Festival,a holiday for us to show our respect for the elderly.I hold the opinion that we should go to help them(to)overcome the present difficulty.282022-10-26 答案答案 They three want to travel around the world together
34、on foot.We are going to the local nursing home for the coming Double Ninth Festival,a holiday for us to show our respect for the elderly.I hold the opinion that we should go to help them(to)overcome the present difficulty.292022-10-26十、专题训练十、专题训练 根据所给信息补全短文，并注意句子成分根据所给信息补全短文，并注意句子成分 Dear Alex，How ti
35、me flies!_1_(要过一个星期你才能回到要过一个星期你才能回到自己的国家自己的国家).I am writing to express my sincere gratitude for your help.2_(首先，谢谢你帮助我学习英语首先，谢谢你帮助我学习英语).Without your help,I would not have made so great progress in Englishlearning.Besides,_3_(你告诉我的有关你们你告诉我的有关你们国家的事开阔了我的眼界国家的事开阔了我的眼界)and aroused my interest in foreig
36、n culture.I wish you all the best in the future and have a good journey._4_(期待你的下一次到来期待你的下一次到来)Yours，Li Hua302022-10-26十、专题训练十、专题训练 答案答案 1.It will be a week before you go back to your own country 2.First of all,thank you for helping me learn English 3.What you told me about your country broadened my horizons 4.Looking forward to your next arrival312022-10-26Thanks for watching!See you next time!322022-10-26
