1、中考语法专题二中考语法专题二 名词名词考点一：可数名词和不可数名词考点一：可数名词和不可数名词可数名词（如：ball,girl,mother,book,dog,flower,bag）名词不可数名词：weather,money,fun,paper,news,information,knowledge,advice,music,rice,bread,traffic,work,homework,housework,air,time,furniture,chalk,液体，肉类 water,milk,meat,beef,mutton 考点一：可数名词和不可数名词考点一：可数名词和不可数名词1.注意既可以
2、做可数名词也可做不可数名词可数不可数可数不可数glass玻璃杯玻璃paper试卷；论文纸room房间空间chicken鸡鸡肉fish鱼；鱼的种类鱼肉orange橙子橙汁beauty美丽美人life生命;生活生命iron熨斗铁light灯光experience经历经验exercise练习运动锻炼考点一：可数名词和不可数名词考点一：可数名词和不可数名词2.有些不可数名词的复数形式意义不同。不可数复数形式work工作works作品good好处goods货物cloth布clothes衣服time时间times时代；倍数good木头woods树林glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯；眼镜3.不可数名词还常
3、用“数词/不定冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”来表示不可数名词的量。a piece of news 一条新闻 three bottles of water三瓶水考点自测考点自测 一一 1.两条信息 _ 两首音乐 _ 两条建议 _ 两张纸 _2.（1）-Will you please make _ （room）for the woman with a little baby?-Sure.Take my seat,please.（2）You can get more _（information）about the World Expo on the Internet.（3）My uncle gave
4、 me some _ （piece of advice）on how to make full use of the Internet.（4）Lucy bought two _ （bottle of milk）yesterday.two pieces of informationtwo pieces of musictwo pieces of advicetwo pieces of paper informationroompieces of advicebottles of milk 考点二：可数名词的复数考点二：可数名词的复数情况构成方法例词一般情况加-sbookbooks;bagbags
5、 以s,x,ch,sh结尾加-esbusbuses;boxboxeswish-wisheswatchwatches以辅音字母加y结尾 将y变为i再加escountrycountriesstudystudiescitycities 以元音字母加y结尾 只加-stoytoys;day-days考点二：可数名词的复数考点二：可数名词的复数情况构成方法例词以o结尾（有生命的）加-esheroheroes;potatopotatoestomatotomatoes;Negro-Negroes（无生命的）加-sradioradio;photophotospiano-pianos以f 或fe 结尾将f或fe变
6、v再加-eswifewives;thiefthieves shelfshelves;knifekniveshalfhalves;leafleaveswolfwolves;life-lives加-sroofroofs;proof-proofs注意：注意：monthmonths mouthmouths 考点二：可数名词的复数考点二：可数名词的复数1.名词复数的不规则变化单数复数单数复数childchildrenfootfeetmanmentoothteethwomanwomenmousemice（1）单复数同形单数复数单数复数sheepsheepdeerdeerChineseChineseJapa
7、neseJapanesefish（鱼的条数）fish考点二：可数名词的复数考点二：可数名词的复数（2）某国人变复数的口决：中日不变英法变，其余-s加后面。单数复数单数复数ChineseChineseJapaneseJapaneseEnglishmanEnglishmenFrenchmanFrenchmenAmericanAmericansAustralianAustralians注意：注意：German Germans Roman Romans EgyptianEgyptians humanhumans考点二：可数名词的复数考点二：可数名词的复数（3）集体名词的单复数随句子意义而定。There
8、s room for a family of five.那儿能住下五口之家。His family are completely behind him,whatever he decides.他无论作出什么决定，家人都全力支持。（4）表示由两部分构成的东西，如glasses（眼镜），trousers,shorts短裤,scissors 剪刀,clothes衣服 等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair（对，双），suit（套）等。如：a pair of glasses,two pairs of trousers考点二：可数名词的复数考点二：可数名词的复数2.名词做定语（1）名词作定语修饰复数名词
9、的时候，前面的名词不能改成复数 a boy studentfive boy students a shoe shopseveral shoe shops（2）由man和woman构成的复合名词，变复数时要把名词和man/woman同时变为复数。a woman doctorsome women doctors a man lawyer-two men lawyers考点自测二考点自测二1.一条裤子 _ 一双袜子_一双鞋 _ 一副眼镜_2.（1）-How many _（sheep）can you see in the picture?-Only one.（2）I like _（fish）a lot
10、,and my mother usually cooks it in different ways.（3）This table is made of _（glass）.（4）He found two _（photo）in the room（5）There are many _（woman teacher）in our schoola pair of trousersa pair of socksa pair of shoesa pair of glasses sheepwomen teachers glassphotos fish考点三：专有名词考点三：专有名词（词首字母要大写）（词首字母要大
11、写）人名、尊称和头衔Einstein;President Obama；Doctor Lin;Mr.Brown洲名Asian;Europe;Africa;Antarctica;国名Egypt;Austria;Australia城市名London;Sydney;Tokyo;Paris;Seoul 海洋、河流、湖泊the Pacific;the Atlantic;Nile;Thames;Lake Baikal月份和星期January;February;Monday;Tuesday;Wednesday单位、机构、组织 Class 4 Grade 1;the Party事件the Second Worl
12、d War;the Olympics 考点四考点四:所有格所有格（1）s 所有格所有格情况所有格形式示例单数名词加sthe old womans daughterMothers Day 母亲节以s结尾的复数名词加TeachersDay 教师节不以s结尾的复数名词加sChildrens Day 儿童节Womens Day 妇女节表示两人共有A and BsTom and Toneys mother表示各自所有As and BsToms and Toneys mothers时间、距离或度量衡单位 名词单数加s复数加todays homework 今天的家庭作业ten days holiday 十天
13、的假期考点四考点四:所有格所有格（1）s 所有格 注意：表示某人的家或店铺或教堂的名字时，名词所有格的后面经常不出现它所修饰的词。如：at Lilys 在Lily家 at the doctors 在医务室 at the barbers 在理发店（2）of 表示所有格 主要用于无生命名词的所有关系常用“名词+of+名词”来表示。the name of the film 电影的名字the cover of the book 书的封面考点四考点四:所有格所有格（3）双重所有格 “名词+of+名词性物主代词/名词所有格”构成双重所有格 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友 a friend
14、of Janes 简的一个朋友（4）注意：the answer to the question 问题的答案 the key to the door 门的钥匙 the way to the cinema 去电影院的路 考点自测三考点自测三1.一张中国地图一张中国地图 _ 生活费用生活费用 _ 步行步行15分的路程分的路程 _ walk=a _ walk 三天的假期三天的假期 _ holiday=_holiday 2.（1）Tom is a son of _（my aunt）（2）-Where have you been,Tim?-Ive been to _（Henry）.（3）_（Tim and
15、 Peter）mothers both work in the same hospital.five minutes five-minute the cost of livinga map of Chinathree daysa three-day Tims and Peters the Henrysmy aunts考点五考点五:数词数词+名词名词+形容词形容词，中间的名词不能，中间的名词不能用复数形式，必须用单数形式。用复数形式，必须用单数形式。an eight-year-old boy 一个8岁的男孩a 100-metre race 一场100米赛跑考点六考点六:常考名词辨析常考名词辨析易
16、混单词辨析示例work jobwork是不可数名词,泛指劳动I have much work to do.我有很多的工作要做。job指具体的某种工作Linda wants to find a good job.林达想找份好工作。cook cookercook v.煮饭 n.厨师He is good at cooking.His dream is to be a good cook.他擅长与煮饭，他的梦想是成为一个优秀的厨师。cooker n.厨具The cooker was electric.炊具是电的。考点六考点六:常考名词辨析常考名词辨析易混单词辨析示例soundvoice noisesound n.声音的总称Too loud sound is bad for your ears.过响的声音会损伤你的听力。voice n.人的嗓音“The police are here”,she said in a low voice.“警察在这儿。”她低声说到。noise n.噪音Dont make any noise.别发出噪音。
