1、 writing抄改连扩抓审书面表达书面表达六步法Writing points 一一.审题审题 (体裁体裁 结构结构 格式格式 内容内容 人称人称 时态)时态)二二.抓要点抓要点三三.扩展句子扩展句子 四四.连句成文连句成文(时间(时间 空间空间 细节细节 连贯连贯 呼应)呼应)五五.查错改错查错改错 六六.眷写眷写“中小学生健康”为话题写一篇短文【要求】(1)内容包括列举中小学生面临的健康问题。请谈谈怎样才能保持健康。(2)字数:80-100词。(3)短文中不得出现你的真实姓名、学校名和地名。常见问题常见问题一、一、“汉语式汉语式”英语英语例:His fathers body is stro
2、ng.他父亲身体很好。析:汉语说“某人的身体强弱”时,在英语中不必加 body。因此,在书面表达中要注意英语的习惯用法,否则容易杜撰出“汉语式”英语,使人难以看懂。同时不能先想汉语意思,然后再直译成英语,而要擅于直接用英语思考。正:His father is strong.二、难词解释二、难词解释例:the time fell sleeping 就寝时间析:同学们遇到要表达的术语有难词时,想不到用合适的单词来表达,于是就闹出了这样的笑话。因此,在平时学习中学生们就要知难而进,想方设法记忆必要的单词,同时增强解释的能力,只有这样才能提高英语书面表达能力。正:the sleeping time三、
3、单词堆砌三、单词堆砌例:Our go to school time is 8:00.上学时间是8:00。析:同学们在书面表达中应尽量使用自己熟悉且有把握的习惯用语,不能凭着自己的中文习惯主观臆造句子,否则不可能做到“语言准确,得当”。正:We go to school at eight.四、时态的误用四、时态的误用例:She like it very much and reads it to the class.她很喜欢它并且读给同学们听。析:在书面表达中,应根据上下文或时间状语来确定动词的时态。正:She liked it very much and read it to the class
4、.五、用词错误例:He gave me a very good advice yesterday.昨天他给我一个非常好的建议。析:advice 表示“建议”时,是不可数名词,不能用不定冠词来修饰,而应用 a piece of。正:He gave me a piece of very good advice yesterday.六、一致性错误六、一致性错误所谓不一致不仅指主谓不一致,它还包括数的不一致、时态不一致以及代词不一致等。例1:Once one have money,he can do what he want to do.人一旦有了钱,他就能想干什么就干什么。析:one 是第三人称单数
5、,因此本句的 have 应改为 has。同理,want 应改为 wants。正:Once one has money,he can do what he wants to do.例2:Water will boil at 100.水在100沸腾。析:表示客观真理的句子,其谓语动词应用一般现在时。正:Water boils at 100.七、修饰语错位七、修饰语错位英语与汉语不同,同一个修饰语置于句子中不同的位置,句子的含义就有可能发生变化。例:I can dance.I too can sing.我会跳舞,也会唱歌。析:too 一般位于句尾,不能用于句首。正:I can dance.I can
6、 sing too.或 I can dance and sing too.八、结构不完整八、结构不完整在口语中,交际可借助手势、语气、上下文等来理解结构不完整的句子。可是书面语就不同了,句子结构不完整会令句意表达不清。这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后,作者又想加些补充说明的时候。例:There are many ways to know the society.For example,by TV radio,newspaper and so on.有许多方式来了解这个社会,例如通过电视、广播、报纸等等。析:本句后半部分 For example,by TV,radio,newspaper and
7、so on 不是一个完整的句子,仅仅是一些不连贯的词语,不能独立成句。正:There are many ways to know the society,for example,by TV,radio,and newspaper and so on.九、悬垂修饰语九、悬垂修饰语所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子逻辑关系混乱不清。例:At the age of ten,my grandfather died.在我10岁时,我祖父去世了。析:at the age of ten 只指出10岁时祖父去世了,但没有说明是“谁”10岁时。按一般的推理不可能是 my grandfather。正:When
8、 I was at the age of ten,my grandfather died.十、词性误用十、词性误用“词性误用”常表现为:介词当动词用,形容词当副词用,名词当动词用等。例1:Few people can around the world.很少人能周游世界。析:around 是副词,这里误当动词用。正:Few people can travel around the world.例2:The place is danger.这个地方危险。析:danger 是名词,这里误用为形容词。正:The place is dangerous.或 The place is in danger.十
9、一、指代不清十一、指代不清指代不清主要指代词与被指代的人或物关系不清,或者先后所用的代词不一致。例1:Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.玛丽和我姐姐很要好,因为她要她做她的伴娘。析:此句让读者无法判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚,谁将当伴娘。正:Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.例2:Help yourself to some drink,boys and gir
10、ls.孩子们,随便喝些饮料吧。析:句中的 boys and girls 和反身代词 yourself指代不一致。正:Help yourselves to some drink,boys and girls.十二、间断句子十二、间断句子我们不能把两个或两个以上的句子简单地连结起来,应注意连结时应加上适当的词。例:There are many ways we get to know the outside world.我们有许多方式来认识外面的世界。析:这个句子包含了两层意思:There are many ways 以及 we get to know the outside world,简单地把它
11、们连在一起就不妥当了。正:There are many ways for us to get to know the outside world.十三、累赘十三、累赘语言以简洁为贵。能用单词的不用词组;能用词组的不用从句或句子。例:Except the fact that he is lazy,I like him.除了他很懒外,我喜欢他。析:本句中的 the fact that he is lazy 是同位语从句,我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”的原则可以将其改写为:正:Except his laziness,I like him.十四、不连贯十四、不连贯不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语,或
12、是结构上不畅通。例:The fresh water,it is the most important things of the earth.淡水是世界上最重要的东西。析:The fresh water 与逗号后面的 it 不连贯,同时 it 与 things 在数方面不一致。正:The fresh water is the most important thing in the world.十五、综合性语言错误十五、综合性语言错误1.大写字母2.拼写3.主谓一致4.句子结构5.动词时态6.标点7.冠词8.名词单复数 开头开头1.关于人们有不同的观点。一些人认为 There are diffe
13、rent opinions among people .Some people suggest that _.2.俗话说(常言道),它是我们前辈的经历,但是,即使在今天,它在许多场合仍然适用。There is an old saying_.Its the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today.3.现在,它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先,;其次,。更为糟糕的是。Today,_,which have brought a lot of harms in our daily li
14、fe.First,_ Second,_.What makes things worse is that_.4.现在,很普遍,许多人喜欢,因为,另外(而且)。Nowadays,it is common to _.Many people like _ because _.Besides,_.5.任何事物都是有两面性,也不例外。它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面。Everything has two sides and _is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages.6.关于人们的观点各不相同,一些人认为(说),在他们看来,P
15、eoples opinions about _ are different from person to person.Some people say that _.To them,_.结尾结尾1.自然结尾,点明主题自然结尾,点明主题随着文章的结束,文章自然而然地结尾。如“Helping the Policeman(帮助警察)”的结尾可以是:The two children were praised by the police and they felt happy.再如“The Tortoise and the Hare(龟兔赛跑)”的结尾可以是:When the hare got to t
16、he tree,the tortoise had already been there。2.首尾呼应,升华主题首尾呼应,升华主题在文章的结尾可以用含义较深的话点明主题,深化主题,起到“画龙点睛”的效果。如“I Love My Hometown(我爱家乡)”的结尾可以是:I love my hometown,and I am proud of it.3.反问结尾,引起深思反问结尾,引起深思这种方式的结尾虽然形式是问句,但意义却是肯定的,而且具有一定的强调作用,可引起他人的深思。如“Learning English can give us a lot of pleasure(学英语能为我们带来许多
17、乐趣)”的结尾可以是:If we learn English well,we can Dont you think learning English is great fun?4.表达祝愿,阐述愿望表达祝愿,阐述愿望这种方式的结尾常出现在书信或演讲稿的文体中,表示对他人的祝福或对将来的展望等。如“A Letter to the Farmers(给农民们的一封信)”的结尾可以是:I hope the farmers life will be better and better.另外,书信的结尾常有以下形式的祝福语:Best wishes;I wish you a merry Christmas
18、and a happy new year;I wish you have a good time等。连接词连接词(1)表选择关系或对等关系的连接:eitheror,neithernor,or,as well as,and,bothand.(2)表因果关系或对等关系的连接词:therefore,so,as a result,as the result of,because of,thanks to等.(3)表时间顺序的连接词:as soon as,at first,then,later,at the beginning,in the end,for the first(second)time,等
19、.(4)表转折关系的连接词:yet,but,while,on the other hand,however,at the same time(然而)等.(5)表递进关系的连接词:not onlybut(also),whats more,besides,等.(6)表顺序的连接词:first,second,then,next,finally,at last等(7)表示总结的连接词:in a word,on the whole,in short,in all等.中考英语评分标准评分标准:1.整篇作文满分20分,其中内容8分,语言8分,结构4分。2.内容贴切,句子流畅,用语准确,加整体印象分1分。3.
20、不满100个词,少15个词扣 0.5分,610个词扣1分。4.所有给出问题涉及的三项内容,每少一项扣3分。5.每个拼写,大小写,标点符号等错误扣0.5分;同一的拼写错误不重复扣分,扣分总和不超过2分。6.语法错误每项扣1分,同一错误不重复扣分,扣分总和不超过2分。7.卷面不整洁、书写不规范扣1-2分。How to keep Healthy?Everyone wants to keep healthy today,especially our students.But we dont pay attention to our health.Some of them go to school wi
21、thout breakfast in the morning.Some students and pupils play computer games or watch TV all day,especially at the weekends.Many boys think it is cool to drink or smoke.It is important for us to have good habits.We should eat breakfast every morning.We can watch TV or play games for a short time,then have a rest.We also can take part in some clubs.I think it is necessary for us to keep healthy.