1、特战速训营 中考题型突破安徽专版速训四阅读理解 考题8阅读理解词义猜测题考题考题追踪追踪年份年份考查题型考查题型核心考点核心考点考查频率考查频率核心素养核心素养2015-20192015-2019选择题选择题名词、动词、形容词名词、动词、形容词语言能力语言能力考势考势分析分析词义猜测题是安徽中考阅读理解中的必考考题。词义猜测涉及名词、动词、词义猜测题是安徽中考阅读理解中的必考考题。词义猜测涉及名词、动词、形容词及副词等实词。每年考查分值为形容词及副词等实词。每年考查分值为2分分 词义猜测是指考生能根据上下文或构词法等推断理解生词的含义。这些词汇在不同语境中有不同的含义,因此要求考生能够用基本的
2、方法来猜测、推断、理解陌生词语的词义。根据逻辑关系推测词义 英文中常见的逻辑关系往往有因果关系、类比关系、让步关系、转折关系等。那么在定位好猜测的词语后,需要寻找上下文是否含有一定的逻辑关系,因此要特别注意一些关键词,如:so,because,but,however,even if,and,also,instead,for example,等。这些词汇可以帮助理解生词在句中的词义。(2019合肥瑶海区二模)“I live 17 miles from here,”I replied.“My car could have broken down anywhere along the way.But
3、 it didnt.Instead,it broke down in the perfect place:within walking distance(距离)of here.Im still able to teach my class and I will also be able to have my car sent to a garage after class.Isnt it my lucky day?”The underlined word“garage”probably means“”.A.加油站B.制造厂C.修理厂D.销售商 剖析 根据前文作者的汽车在沿途都没抛锚过,但是在一
4、个路况极好的地方抛锚了。根据“我能教我的课”,由此可推断出“我”也能找人把抛锚的车送到的地点应该是“修理厂”。剖析 根据上下文推测词义 有些画线词汇的词义我们只有在理解上下文的基础上,并结合本句的句意才能准确地推测出。The Venus Flytrap is a very strange plant.It grows in dry parts of the United States.Its leaves are like pages of a book.They can open and close very quickly.Inside the leaves,there are three
5、 small hairs.If a fly touches one of the hairs,the leaf closes quickly,so the fly cannot get out.In about half an hour,the leaf presses the fly until it is dead.Then,the plant covers the fly and slowly eats it.The word“presses”probably means“”in Chinese.A.挤压B.关上 C.打开D.松开 剖析 根据前句“这个植物的叶子能快速地关闭和打开及如果一
6、只苍蝇接触到叶子,叶子迅速关闭,苍蝇不能出来”,由此推测画线单词的意思是“挤压”。故选A。剖析 考题9阅读理解标题归纳题考题考题追踪追踪年份年份考查题型考查题型核心考点核心考点考查频率考查频率核心素养核心素养2015-20192015-2019选择题选择题给短文拟定一个最佳标题给短文拟定一个最佳标题学习能力学习能力考势考势分析分析 标题归纳题是安徽中考阅读理解中每年都要涉及的题型标题归纳题是安徽中考阅读理解中每年都要涉及的题型,每年涉及每年涉及1 1题题,考考查分值为查分值为2 2分分 标题归纳题考查考生对阅读材料的主题或中心思想领会及理解的能力。归纳总结法 大部分中考阅读材料要求通过对全文的
7、阅读,仔细推敲,领会作者的意图,然后归纳出文章的主旨大意。这部分题型要求在阅读中,不仅要能够通过自己已知的信息概括出段落的中心思想,而且还要求对概括出的中心思想加以提炼,拟定出短文的最佳标题。(2019阜阳九中模拟)76-year-old Zhang Jiwen is nearly deaf,but he has two able hands and a strong desire to help others.Zhang grew up in a mountain village and now lives in Chongqing.In 2012,he heard that childre
8、n in a mountain village had to go down dangerous slopes(斜坡)to go to school.He decided to help them.He paid for building materials and carried them up the mountain.After five years of hard work,he completed a safe mountain road several hundred meters long.He even added stone tables and chairs for peo
9、ple to rest,and a shed(棚)for children to take shelter from the rain.Working on a mountain isnt safe,especially for someone with a hearing problem.One time,people shouted at him to watch out,but he couldnt hear them.A big rock fell on his leg,and his leg was broken.As soon as he could walk,he went ba
10、ck to work.Now Zhang Jiwen has started work on a second road that leads to a water spring.It is about 100 meters from the village,but the road is dangerous,especially after the rain,so he wants to make it safer.However,this is only the beginning of his road-building project.He has marked over 100 da
11、ngerous mountain roads on a map,and plans to improve as many as possible.Which of the following best describes Zhang Jiwen?A.Old and healthy.B.Clever but lazy.C.Friendly and shy.D.Disabled but helpful.剖析 这是一篇记叙文。通读全文可知本文主要介绍了张继文的事迹,从而告诉我们他虽然有残疾但他对社会是有帮助的。故选D。剖析 考题10阅读理解主旨大意题考题考题追踪追踪年份年份考查题型考查题型核心考点核
12、心考点考查频率考查频率核心素养核心素养2015-20192015-2019选择题选择题段落大意及中心思想段落大意及中心思想思维品质思维品质考势考势分析分析主旨大意题是安徽中考阅读理解中每年都要涉及的题型主旨大意题是安徽中考阅读理解中每年都要涉及的题型,每年涉及每年涉及12题题,考查分值为考查分值为24分分 主旨大意题考查的是考生对阅读主旨或全文梗概的掌握和理解情况。文章归纳总结法 有些文章没有直接指明文章的中心思想,我们只有通过精读文章,然后自己分析,最后归纳出文章的主旨大意。(2019沿淮五校联盟中考模拟)Volunteers with Children in Nepal You will
13、have an opportunity to help children there.Children who have lost their parents or whose parents are too poor to care for them need love,attention,life skills and education.As a volunteer there,you will work with local teachers to teach English and computer skills,help the children with their homewo
14、rk and take care of them.Volunteers are also encouraged to organize music,dance or sports activities.Some day trips are welcomed by kids!You need to:do well in English.stay in Nepal for at least 3 weeks.pay for your own food and room(6080 per week)If you have any questions,please send e-mails to Bei
15、 Ta Luna .Whats the passage about?A.Teachers Wanted.B.Volunteers Wanted.C.Welcome to Nepal.D.The chance to Nepal.剖析 通读全文可知这是一篇应用文,主要招聘去尼泊尔帮助孩子的志愿者。结合选项可知选B。剖析 根据文章的首尾句判断法 一些阅读材料的主题通常是文章开始的第一句或者最后一段的末尾句,偶尔也在一段的中间,特别是一些科普类的文章更是明显,因此考生阅读时注意这些就能够迅速找出答案。Have you ever considered starting a fitness program
16、?Since exercise can reduce the risk of diseases,improve balance,help lose weight,better sleep habits and even make you confident,you can start a fitness program in the following steps.This passage is mainly about.A.how to start a fitness program B.how to design a fitness program C.the importance of
17、good health D.the importance of a fitness program 剖析 这是一篇关于制定健身计划的短文。根据文章开始的第一句话(你曾经考虑过开始一个健身计划吗)及最后一句话(你能从下面几个步骤开始你的健身计划)可知短文主要讲的是如何制定健身计划。故选A。剖析 考题11阅读理解推理判断题考题考题追踪追踪年份年份考查题型考查题型核心考点核心考点考查频率考查频率核心素养核心素养2015-20192015-2019选择题选择题根据短文内容推断出问题的根据短文内容推断出问题的正确答案正确答案思维品质思维品质考势考势分析分析推理判断题是安徽中考的必考题型推理判断题是安徽中
18、考的必考题型,该题型要求在理解文章内容的基础上该题型要求在理解文章内容的基础上,做出判断和推理做出判断和推理,从而得到文章的隐含信息和深层含义。每年涉及从而得到文章的隐含信息和深层含义。每年涉及23题题,考查分值为考查分值为46分分 推理判断不但要求学生理解具体的事实细节,也要理解抽象的含义,既要理解字面意思,又要理解其深层的含义,包括作者的观点、态度、意图等。事实线索推断法 在做这类题目时,要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据,忠实于原文,由已知推及未知,遵循“词不离句,句不离段,段不离篇”的原则,做出正确的推断。(2019安徽)Have you tried to run or walk for
19、exercise and then given up?If you answered yes,you should try a new kind of exercise:aquatic(水中的)exercise.Aquatic exercise is like exercise on land,but you do it in a swimming pool.More and more people are trying aquatic exercise.Aquatic exercise feels easier than exercising on land.Why?You weigh ab
20、out 90%less in the pool.It is better for your knees than running or walking.Water is about 1,000 times thicker and heavier than air.To move through the water,your body has to work four times as hard.As a result,you can burn more calories(卡路里).In fact,most people say they feel more relaxed in the wat
21、er.They stop thinking about the things that make them worried.They feel in control of their bodies.The cool,quiet environment makes them feel good.But what if you are afraid of the water?No problem!There is nothing to worry about.Aquatic exercise is safe and easy to learn.It doesnt require any speci
22、al skills.You dont even need to know how to swim.Aquatic exercise is for everyone.In which part of a magazine can we read the text?A.Culture.B.Health.C.Nature.D.Travel.剖析 本文主要谈论的是水中锻炼的好处,因此这类文章应该出现在报纸的“健康”部分。故选B。剖析 考题12阅读理解细节理解题考题考题追踪追踪年份年份考查题型考查题型核心考点核心考点考查频率考查频率核心素养核心素养2015-20192015-2019选择题选择题通过阅读
23、短文通过阅读短文,直接搜索问直接搜索问题答案题答案思维品质思维品质考势考势分析分析细节理解题是安徽中考阅读理解中的最重要的考查方向细节理解题是安徽中考阅读理解中的最重要的考查方向,通常考查文中某通常考查文中某个特定的细节个特定的细节,难度较小难度较小,属表层信息理解属表层信息理解,通读短文后可直接找出答案依通读短文后可直接找出答案依据据,每年涉及每年涉及5 5题以上题以上,考查分值在考查分值在1010分以上分以上 细节理解题是阅读理解中的常考题型,在阅读理解题中占较大比例,侧重考查对英语语篇事实细节的理解。查读法 查读就是我们在做阅读理解时带着问题阅读材料,根据需要细致阅读可能包含所需信息的部
24、分,然后分析,最后做出正确的选择。(2019合肥瑶海区二模)Enzo Ferrari was born in Italy in 1898.He made his name known all over the world for fast cars and car racing.Ferrari was a car driver and businessman.He was in the Italian army during World War I.After he returned home,he tried to find a job at FIAT,but without luck.He
25、 joined a smaller car company called CMN and took up racing in 1919 but was not so successful.Enzo Ferrari is most famous for.A.fast cars and car racing B.being in the army in World War I C.starting his own car company D.his different ways to make money 剖析 这是一篇记叙文,主要介绍了法拉利恩佐的一生经历。根据短文第二句“He made his
26、 name known all over the world for fast cars and car racing.”可知,法拉利闻名于世是因为他的汽车和汽车赛。故选A。剖析 段落组织模式阅读法 作者在记述或者说明历史、事件、人物时,往往按时间先后顺序组织细节,然后我们就可以按照时间模式阅读,快速寻找细节,记住细节。(2019长丰县中考二模)If you are taking an English examination,dont learn only rules of grammar.Try to read stories in English and speak English whe
27、never you can.A few days before examination you should start going to bed early.If you are going to take an examination,.A.study hard and sleep less B.stay up late at night and do a lot of exercise C.go to bed early and have a good rest D.go to bed late and get up late 剖析 这是一篇说明文,主要介绍了要想通过一次测验,在考试前应
28、该如何去做。根据所给文章的最后一句“A few days before examination you should start going to bed early.”可知,如果你要进行一次考试,考试的前几天一定要早睡。故选C。剖析 考题13阅读理解段落大意题考题考题追踪追踪年份年份考查题型考查题型核心考点核心考点考查频率考查频率核心素养核心素养2015-20192015-2019选择题选择题通过阅读短文通过阅读短文,归纳出某一归纳出某一段的主题思想段的主题思想思维品质思维品质考势考势分析分析段落大意题是安徽中考的常考题型之一段落大意题是安徽中考的常考题型之一,本题主要考查学生阅读文章之后本
29、题主要考查学生阅读文章之后,对文章段落的概括归纳能力。每年对文章段落的概括归纳能力。每年1212题题,分值为分值为2424分分 段落大意题主要考查学生的归纳总结能力。考生首先要找到每段的主题句,然后进行理解、概括和整合,最后选出正确的答案。首尾句判断法 阅读理解由若干段落组成,每个段落都包含一定的意义,而每段的段落大意一般都在段落的开头或者段落的结尾,因此只要抓住开头与结尾句子的主要含义,就能判断出段落大意来。(2019天长市实验中学三模)“Bella usually sits at the front door,waiting for someone to notice her.She co
30、mes almost every day,”said Brantley.Her husband John often brings Bella nuts as she is usually waiting by the door for him.Actually Bella has become a member of the family.What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?A.Bella wants to get more attention.B.Bella becomes a member of the family.C.Nuts are Bella
31、s favorite food.D.Its not easy for the Harrisons to find Bella.剖析 这是一篇记叙文,主要讲述一只小松鼠Bella的故事。这个段落是原文的第四段,通过阅读本段内容可以从文章的末尾一句话看出本段主要就是讲小松鼠Bella成为哈里森的家庭成员之一。故选B。剖析 归纳法 有些文段虽然没有直接告诉段落大意,但是通过文章的细节能够归纳出段落大意。(2019安徽)Have you tried to run or walk for exercise and then given up?If you answered yes,you should
32、try a new kind of exercise:aquatic(水中的)exercise.Aquatic exercise is like exercise on land,but you do it in a swimming pool.More and more people are trying aquatic exercise.Aquatic exercise feels easier than exercising on land.Why?You weigh about 90%less in the pool.It is better for your knees than r
33、unning or walking.Water is about 1,000 times thicker and heavier than air.To move through the water,your body has to work four times as hard.As a result,you can burn more calories(卡路里).What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A.Difference between air and water.B.Weight change of ones body.C.The advantages o
34、f aquatic exercise.D.The ways to do aquatic exercise.剖析 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了水中锻炼的优点以及在水中锻炼的技巧,号召人们进行水中训练。阅读第二段可知,水中锻炼比在陆地上容易,因为人在水中比在陆地上要轻90%,由于水密度比空气厚而且重,因此在水中锻炼需要更大的力气,因此会燃烧更多的热量。也就是说,本段主要谈论了水中锻炼的优点。故选C。剖析 A(2019安徽)Like many high school graduates,Maggie Doyne didnt go straight to college.She decided to
35、travel and arrived in western Nepal in 2006.A war had just ended there and left many children living on the streets.They were often forced to work at hard physical jobs for little money.One day,while walking down a country road,Doyne saw a little girl breaking up rocks.She soon learned that7-year-ol
36、d Hima sold the rocks to support her family.With deep sadness,she decided to pay Himas tuition(学费)for school.Encouraged by the changes in the child,Doyne thought,“If we can help one child,why not 10?”Doyne felt that the street childrens greatest need was a home.She found a piece of land for sale and
37、 bought it with$5,000 she saved from years of babysitting(当临时保姆).In 2008 the Kopila Valley Childrens Home was setup.With the help from the community,another goal was reached in 2010the Kopila Valley School.Over 350 children now attend the school and over 50 live in the home.Today,Doyne lives in the
38、home and is“Mum”to the kids.主旨大意 本文是一篇记叙文。因为一场战争,尼泊尔很多孩子无家可归。一个高中毕业生Maggie Doyne看到这个现象,倾其所有办起了一个收容所和一个学校帮助这些街道孩子。主旨大意()1.When did Maggie Doyne travel to western Nepal?A.In 2006.B.In 2007.C.In 2008.D.In 2010.A答案 解析 从第一段“She decided to travel and arrived in western Nepal in 2006.”可知,Maggie Doyne于2006年
39、决定旅行到尼泊尔西部。故选A。解析()2.Why did Hima break up the rocks?A.To do physical exercise.B.To build a new school.C.To get money for her family.D.To repair the country road.C答案 解析 从第二段“Doyne saw a little girl breaking up rocks.She soon learned that 7-year-old Hima sold the rocks to support her family.”可知,Doyne
40、看见一个7岁小女孩Hima砸碎石头的目的是用那些碎石头卖钱贴补家用。故选C。解析()3.What can we learn from Paragraph 3?A.The street children once worked as babysitters.B.Doyne got some support from the community.C.Doyne borrowed much money from the government.D.Over 5,000 children attend the Kopila Valley School.B答案 解析 从第三段“She found a pi
41、ece of land for sale and bought it with$5,000 she saved from years of babysitting.”可知,是Doyne曾经当过临时保姆,而不是那些街道孩子;从“With the help from the community,another goal was reached in 2010the Kopila Valley School.”可知,Doyne得到社区的帮助;本段没有提及Doyne从政府借钱;从“Over 350 children now attend the school”可知,超过350个孩子而不是超过5,000
42、个孩子进入了这个学校。综上所述选B。解析()4.Which of the following might be the best title for the text?A.Maggie DoyneA Lonely Traveller B.War in Western Nepal C.Maggie DoyneMum to More Than 50 D.A Girl Lived on Her own C答案 解析 本文主要谈论的是Doyne帮助尼泊尔街道孩子的故事。从文章最后可知,这些孩子都叫她“妈妈”,因此用C项作为文章标题是合适的。解析 B(2019合肥37中模拟)Though very co
43、ld temperatures continue to trouble the US,an act of kindness has warmed everyone.In Chicago a young man provided a homeless old man with the proper footwearfrom his own feet.Jessica Bell,a passenger,saw everything and posted the story on Facebook.According to her Facebook post,Bell was taking the t
44、rain home on Friday when she noticed a homeless old mansitting across from her.Bell wrote that the man was wearing tattered shoes,and many pairs of socks to keep his feet warm,but there was blood seeping(渗)through.On the same train was another man.According to Bells description,he was young,was carr
45、ying a bag and a suitcase.He was wearing big black snow boots(靴子),which looked new and expensive.They were built for a Chicago winter.Then he did a good thing.Bell described that the young man took off his own boots and passed them to the old man.He opened his suitcase and gave him a pair of socks a
46、s well.Then the young man put on a different pair of shoesnot as nice as the ones he had given away.He told the old man to try them on and helped him clean his feet and change into the new boots as quickly as he could,and then left the train.At the end of her post,Bell wrote,“I love my city.I love t
47、hat in a time and place where a quiet act of kindness appears without warning.”The story has received thousands of comments(评论),with many people describing how moving they found the act of kindness.One wrote,“We can all learn from that young man.”Others are thanking Bell for sharing the storythere a
48、re still good people in the world.主旨大意 Facebook 上有人发帖讲述在芝加哥火车上一名男子把自己的鞋脱下来给陌生老人的事情及其引起的反响。主旨大意()1.The story happened.A.on a train B.on a weekend C.in summer D.in a shoe store A答案 解析 由第二段中第一句“.Bell was taking the train home on Friday”可知答案。解析()2.Which of the following is TRUE about the old man?A.He ca
49、rried a suitcase.B.He was sick and weak.C.He wore many pairs of socks.D.He wore a pair of big black shoes.C答案 解析 由第二段第二句对老人的描述可知答案。解析()3.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?A.What the young man did to the old man.B.Why the young man helped the old man.C.How Bell praised the young man.D.What the young m
50、an looked like.A答案 解析 由第四段中一系列动词“took off,passed,opened,gave,put on,told,helped”等可知答案。解析()4.From the comments,we can know.A.the young man thanked Bell very much B.the young man often helped people in need C.people were moved by Bells act of kindness D.people were moved by what Bell wrote in her post
