1、LOGO-Grammar Gerund 动名词动名词LOGO-LOVE-By John LennonvLove is real;real is love.Love is _;_ love.Love is _ to be loved.vLove is touch;touch is love.Love is _;_ love.Love is _ to be loved.vLove is you,you and me.Love is _ we can be.vLove is free;free is love.Love is _;_ love.Love is _ to be loved.-V-ing
2、形式的构成方式：1.在一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加词尾在一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加词尾 ing。eg.go going;do doing;ask asking;read-reading study studying;carry carrying;fly flying;worry worrying;2.在以不发音的在以不发音的e 结尾的动词后，去掉结尾的动词后，去掉e，再加，再加-ing。e coming live living dance dancing make making 3.在闭音节的单音节动词后、以重读闭音节结尾的多音节在闭音节的单音节动词后、以重读闭音节结尾的多音节动词，而末
3、尾只有一个辅音字母时，将这个辅音字母双写动词，而末尾只有一个辅音字母时，将这个辅音字母双写（x除外），然后再加除外），然后再加 ing.sit sitting;run running;begin beginning;forget forgetting 4.在少数几个以在少数几个以 ie 结尾的动词后：须将结尾的动词后：须将ie 变作变作y，再加，再加-ing。(这些动词词典一般均注明这些动词词典一般均注明)eg.die dying;tie tying lie lying-一、一、ing 作主语或宾语作主语或宾语1作主语作主语 直接置于句首直接置于句首1)捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的捉弄别人是我们
4、万万不能干的.Playing tricks on others is something we should never do2)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。学习新单词对我来说非常重要。Learning new words is very important for me3)说比做容易。说比做容易。Talking is easier than doing.-Singing一、一、ing 作主语作主语-Doing exercise-Playing computer games-Driving too fast-Singing is my hobby.Doing exercise is a goo
5、d way to lose weight.Playing computer games is a waste of time.Driving too fast is dangerous.1.作主语。作主语。2.谓语动词用谓语动词用 。动词动词-ing单数单数-动词动词-ing形式作主语形式作主语 动词动词-ing形式作主语表示经常的、习惯形式作主语表示经常的、习惯性的动作性的动作,谓语动词用谓语动词用_：对他说话等于对牛弹琴。对他说话等于对牛弹琴。(talk)空谈无济于事。空谈无济于事。(talk)is talking to a wall.Talkingmends no holes.Talki
6、ng to him 单数-it is/was+no use/good+doing sth 做做是没用处的是没用处的-It is worth/worthwhile(这部是电影值得看这部是电影值得看的的)seeing the movie It is worth/worthwhile seeing the movie.(这部是电影不值得看的这部是电影不值得看的)hardly/not-It is a waste of time .(玩电脑游戏玩电脑游戏)playing computer games-what will happen between them.(无法知道无法知道)There is no
7、knowing-归纳归纳:常用常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：形式作主语的句型有：It+be+a waste of time doing 做做是浪费时间的是浪费时间的It is/was no good/use/fun doing 做做是没用处的是没用处的It is/was useless/useful doing 做做是无用的、有用的是无用的、有用的It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做做是值得的是值得的-用形式主语用形式主语it，把真正的主语，把真正的主语ing形式移置句尾。形式移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语
8、的只能是某些形容词或少数名词。是某些形容词或少数名词。和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。It is useless arguing with Shylock努力是努力是值得值得的的。Its worth making the effort和和他他一起工作很一起工作很不不愉快愉快。It is no pleasure working with him-在在there be no doing结构中结构中 这种结构的意思相当于这种结构的意思相当于“It is impossible to do”。1)这种事开不得玩笑。这种事开不得玩笑。There is no joking about
9、 such matter.2)无法知道他什么时候离开。无法知道他什么时候离开。There is no knowing when he will leave.-归纳：常用归纳：常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：形式作主语的句型有：It+be+a waste of time doing 做做.是浪费时间的是浪费时间的 It is/was no good/no use/useless/of little use doing 做做是没益是没益/用处的用处的 It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做做.是值得的是值得的 There is/was no point/sense d
10、oing 干干.无意义无意义-V-ing/to do做主语做主语_(play)with fire is dangerous.Be careful!_(play)with fire will be dangerous.PlayingTo play_(swim)is good for our health._(swim)in this river is not allowed.SwimmingTo swim表示一般或抽象的多次行为表示一般或抽象的多次行为具体的或一次性的动作具体的或一次性的动作-典型题列典型题列 1._ clean is a safeguard against disease.A.
11、To be keeping B.Kept C.Keep D.Keeping 2-Whats made Ruth so upset?-_ three tickets to the folk music concert.A.Lost B.Losing C.Because of losing D.Since she lostDB-looking forlooking forI cant avoid_I cant avoid_Have you considered _ one special friend?Have you considered _ one special friend?1)1)我不能
12、不去。我不能不去。2)2)你是否考虑过找一位挚友你是否考虑过找一位挚友?(一一).).（1 1）只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有）只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoidavoid，considerconsider，enjoyenjoy，keepkeep，finishfinish，suggestsuggest，dislikedislike，delaydelay，escapeescape，cannot helpcannot help，imagineimagine，mindmind，missmiss，practisepractise，cannot standcannot stand等。等
13、。如：如：(一一)有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语；有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语；(二二)有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语。有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语。（有区别）（有区别）(三三)有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语.（没大区别）（没大区别）goinggoing动名词作宾语动名词作宾语有三种情况。有三种情况。动名词做宾语口诀动名词做宾语口诀 避免避免 错过错过(少少)延期延期 avoid miss delay/avoid miss delay/postponepostpone 建议建议 完成完成(多多)练习练习 suggest/ad
14、vise finish suggest/advise finish practisepractise 喜欢喜欢 想象想象 禁不住禁不住 enjoy/appreciate enjoy/appreciate imagine resist/cant helpimagine resist/cant help 承认承认 否定否定(与与)嫉妒嫉妒 admit deny envy admit deny envy 逃脱逃脱 冒险冒险(莫莫)原谅原谅 escape risk pardon/escape risk pardon/excuseexcuse 忍受忍受 保持保持(不不)在意在意 stand keep/k
15、eep on stand keep/keep on mindmind-只接只接doing doing 作宾语的动词短语作宾语的动词短语insist oninsist on;object toobject to;lead tolead to;feel likefeel like;look forward tolook forward to;devotedevote oneself oneself to to;be worthbe worth;set about;set about;get down to;get down to;pay attention topay attention to;g
16、et usedget used/accustomed/accustomed to to;apply oneself to;apply oneself to;succeed insucceed in;be addicted to;be addicted to;have difficulty/trouble/problems/a hard time(in)doing sthhave fun/a good time(in)doing sth坚持要求坚持要求/认为做某事认为做某事反对做某事反对做某事导致导致喜欢；想要喜欢；想要 期望，盼望期望，盼望 献身于，致力于献身于，致力于 值得做值得做 开始着手
17、做某事开始着手做某事 注意注意 习惯做某事习惯做某事 专心致志做某事专心致志做某事 成功做成某事成功做成某事 对对.上瘾上瘾 在做某事方面有困难；在做某事方面有困难；在做某事方面很开心在做某事方面很开心-forget doing sth.forget to do sth.remember doing sth.remember to do sth.regret doing sth.regret to say/tell sb/inform sb 忘记做过某事忘记做过某事 忘记要去做某事忘记要去做某事 记得做了某事记得做了某事 记得要去做某事记得要去做某事 后悔做了某事后悔做了某事遗憾地说遗憾地说/
18、告诉某人告诉某人/通知某人通知某人-go on doing 继续做原来做的事继续做原来做的事go on to do 接着做另一件事接着做另一件事 mean doing 意味着要做某事意味着要做某事mean to do 想要做某事想要做某事 stop doing 停止做某事停止做某事stop to do 停下来（别的事）开始停下来（别的事）开始 做某事做某事-try doing 试着做某事试着做某事try to do 努力做某事努力做某事be used to doing 习惯于做某事习惯于做某事 be used to do 被用来做某事被用来做某事cant help doing 禁不住做某事禁不
19、住做某事cant help to do 不能帮助做某事不能帮助做某事-动词动词forget,go on,mean,regret,remember,stop,try,be used to,cant help forget,regret,remember 后跟动名词，动名词表示已经后跟动名词，动名词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。发生的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语。（有区别）有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语。（有区别）I forgot _to her.(我忘了曾经给她写过信）我忘了曾经给她写过信）I forgot _her
20、about it.我忘了要告诉。）我忘了要告诉。）I remember_ you somewhere in biejing.（see）Remember _me tonight.(call)He regretted_ in the exam.(cheat)I regret _that we cant stay here any longer(say)writingwritingto tellto tell seeingseeingto callto callcheatingcheatingto sayto say-1.He stopped _and have a rest.(smoke)2.He
21、 really must stop_3.I once tried _French(learn)4.Lets try _at the back door.(knock)5.I didnt to mean _your feeling.(hurt)6.This word means _out at once.(set)7.I cant help _the room.for I am too busy(clean)8.After hearing the joke,we cant help _(laugh)9.Water is uesed to _flowers(water)10.I am used t
22、o _early.(get)11.Though it rained,they went on_.(work)12.We have finished Part 1.Lets go on _P 2(Learn)to smokesmokingto learnknockingto hurtsettingcleanlaughingwaterGetting upworkingto learn-有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语.（没大区别）（没大区别）1.一些表示喜好或开始动作的动词一些表示喜好或开始动作的动词like,love,hate,prefer,int
23、end,begin,start continue等，等，用不定式做宾语和用不定式做宾语和v+ing形式做宾语，意义相差不大形式做宾语，意义相差不大1.I started _(work)here two years ago.2.I intended _a poem in English.(write)3.They prefer _(spend)their summer vacation in the country.2.need/want/require/deserve doing sth.=need/want/require/deserve to be done.4.We need _ fri
24、ends(make)5.My hair needs_ (cut)6.My hair needs_.to makecutting.to be cut-既接既接动名词做宾语动名词做宾语，又接不定式复合结构作，又接不定式复合结构作宾语的宾语的advise/allow/forbid/permit doing sb.to do 我建议提早出发以免堵车。我建议提早出发以免堵车。I advise setting out/off in advance/ahead of I advise setting out/off in advance/ahead of time in order to avoid bei
25、ng caught in the time in order to avoid being caught in the traffic.traffic.我建议你尽快做出决定。我建议你尽快做出决定。I advise you to make a decision as soon I advise you to make a decision as soon as possible.as possible.禁止你们在学校使用手机。禁止你们在学校使用手机。You are forbidden to use cellphones in the You are forbidden to use cellph
26、ones in the school.school.-二二：动名词复合结构：动名词复合结构：（表示动名词的动作是谁（表示动名词的动作是谁发出的）发出的）one/ones doing one/ones doing 1 is what we have 1 is what we have expected.expected.（TomTom的到来）的到来）2.She didnt mind_2.She didnt mind_（JackJack来这）来这）3.Whats troubling them is _3.Whats troubling them is _.(_.(他们的食物不足他们的食物不足)To
27、msToms（HisHis）comingcomingJack/Jacks(him/his)coming hereJack/Jacks(him/his)coming here.动名词复合结构：动名词复合结构：在句子中作主语，宾语和表语。在句子中作主语，宾语和表语。作主语时，须用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词；作主语时，须用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词；即即ones doingones doing作宾语时，作宾语时，既可用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词，既可用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词，也可用普通格或人称代词宾格。也可用普通格或人称代词宾格。their not having enough food-
28、2.2.如果动名词的逻辑主语是无生命的事物或如果动名词的逻辑主语是无生命的事物或 以以-s-s结尾的名词，只用普通格。结尾的名词，只用普通格。The babe was made awake The babe was made awake by by the door suddenly shutting.the door suddenly shutting.Have you ever heard of Have you ever heard of women women practising boxing.practising boxing.What made me angry was What
29、 made me angry was so many so many students failing students failing in the exam in the exam3.there be 3.there be 的动名词复合结构为的动名词复合结构为there being.there being.Whats the chance of Whats the chance of there being there being a storm a storm tomorrow?tomorrow?-B)关于逻辑主语的问题关于逻辑主语的问题 1._to the meeting surpri
30、sed all of the boards.A.Mike coming B.Mike came C.Mike coming D.Mikes coming 2.Its no use _ that you didnt know the rules.A.you pretend B.you pretending C.your pretending D.your pretend DD-三、三、动名词的形式动名词的形式 主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般一般式式完成完成式式其否定式是在其否定式是在doing doing 前面加前面加notnotdoingdoingbeing donebeing done
31、having donehaving donehaving been donehaving been done-动名词一般式不强调其与谓语动词的先后关系。动名词一般式不强调其与谓语动词的先后关系。He enjoyed listening to music very much.He hates being laughed at.He was afraid of being left at home.His coming will be of great help to us.动名词完成式，表示动作明显发生在谓语之前。动名词完成式，表示动作明显发生在谓语之前。Im sorry for not hav
32、ing kept my promise.He didnt mention having met him.I dont remember having ever been given a chance to do it.LOGO-Exercises:v1.I think that the Great Wall is worth _ hundreds of miles to visit.(o9年年6月月)A.to travel B.traveling C.traveled D.travelv2.It is my great honor _to give a speech at the openin
33、g ceremony.(o7年年6月月)A.to invite B.inviting C.having invited D.to be invited LOGO-Exercises:v3.It cost her a lot of money,but she doesnt regret _ a year traveling around the.(o9年年6月月)A.to have spent B.to spend C.spent D.spendingv4.Allan is looking forward to _his American partner at the trade fair.(o
34、8年年12月月)A.meet B.meeting C.be meeting D.having met LOGO-Exercises:v5.I dont regret _ her what I thought about her proposal,even if it upset her.(08年年6月月)A.tell B.to tell C.told D.tellingv6.Allan is looking forward to _his American partner at the trade fair.(o8年年12月月)A.meet B.meeting C.be meeting D.h
35、aving met -7.All the staff on our company are considering _to the city centre for the fashion show.(2007年上海春年上海春)Ato go Bgoing Cto have gone Dhaving gone-8.Robert is indeed a wise man.Oh,yes.How often I have regretted _ his advice!(2007年年 安徽卷安徽卷)A.to take B.taking C.not to take D.not taking-9.Ann ne
36、ver dreams of _for her to be sent abroad very soon.A.being a chance B.there being a chance C.that she will have a chance D.there to be a chance10._the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A.The president will attendB.The president to attendC.The president attendedD.The presidents
37、attendingBDLOGO-三、动名词的完成式、被动式三、动名词的完成式、被动式 及复合结构及复合结构1.动名词的完成式：动名词的完成式：由由“having 过去分词过去分词”构成。表示动名词的动作发生在谓语动词表构成。表示动名词的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。示的动作之前。e.g.We congratulated him on having passed the examination.我们祝贺他通过了考试。我们祝贺他通过了考试。I regretted having left Montreal.我后悔离开了蒙特利尔。我后悔离开了蒙特利尔。LOGO-2.动名词的被动式：动名词的被动式：
38、由由“being 过去分词过去分词”构成构成.I appreciate being given this opportunity.我很感谢给了我这个机会。我很感谢给了我这个机会。Im not used to being treated like this.我不习惯受这种款待。我不习惯受这种款待。LOGO-3.动名词的否定式动名词的否定式：由：由“not 动名词词动名词词”构成构成.e.g.I regret not being able to help you.我很抱歉没有能帮助你我很抱歉没有能帮助你.The teacher was angry at Toms not coming to cla
39、ss on time.汤姆不按时到班上上课使老师很生气。汤姆不按时到班上上课使老师很生气。LOGO-4.动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构：由物主代词或名词所有格动：由物主代词或名词所有格动名词构成名词构成(有时也可以在动名词前加名词通格或代词有时也可以在动名词前加名词通格或代词宾格宾格)。动名词复合结构在句中可以作主语。动名词复合结构在句中可以作主语,表语和表语和宾语等。宾语等。e.g.I cant understand his(him)going there so early.我不明白他为什么这么早就去那里。我不明白他为什么这么早就去那里。Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.他们来支援对我们是很大的帮助。他们来支援对我们是很大的帮助。LOGO-Is there any hope of your class winning the red banner?你们班级有希望赢得红旗吗？你们班级有希望赢得红旗吗？Whats troubling them is their not having enough reference books.使他们烦恼的是他们没有足够的参考书。使他们烦恼的是他们没有足够的参考书。
