1、 Guide in Writing Teaching Objectives(教学目标）教学目标） By the end of this lesson youll be able to find out the mistakes of the compositions given. find out what problems cause you not to get higher marks in your writing. know some practical ways to improve a composition. feel less scared in writing. The w
2、oman I admire most Mother Teresa is my favorite women. She is of middle height and she is beautiful . She comes from Macedonia. She lived from 1910.8.26 to 1997.9.5. when she was young,she learned religion. Shes warm- hearted. Once, she teached in India for many years . In 1950, she set up the Missi
3、onaries of charity to help the poor in Calcutta. She devoted to help the poor 、 the patiences、the homeless persons and the dead persons. Because of those, in 1979, she got the Nobel peace prize in 1997. she died in India. I admired her. In the future I want become as her a person . From now, I inten
4、d to good good study and day day up. The woman I admire most Mother Teresa is my favorite women. She is of middle height and she is beautiful . She comes from Macedonia. She lived from 1910.8.26 to 1997.9.5. she learned religion long before. Shes warm- hearted. Once, she teached in India for many ye
5、ars . In 1950, she set up the Missionaries of charity to help the poor in Calcutta. She devoted to help the poor 、 the patiences、the homeless persons and the dead persons. Because of those, in 1979, she got the Nobel peace prize in 1997. she died in India. I admired her. In the future I want become
6、as her a person . From now, I intend to good good study and day day up. Main problems leading to low scores Problem1: Chaotic sentence structure(句型结构混乱）句型结构混乱） Problem2: Chinglish(汉式英语）汉式英语） Problem3: Simple sentence，lack of advanced vocabularies(句句 式单一，缺乏高级词汇式单一，缺乏高级词汇) 的灵魂 I II III you will succee
7、d. you will succeed. you will succeed. 1 2 3 Ex：努力学习，你会成功。努力学习，你会成功。 Studying hard, If you study hard, Study hard, and 连接词连接词 连连 接接 词词 只有一个主语（或并列主语）和只有一个主语（或并列主语）和 一个谓语（或并列谓语）一个谓语（或并列谓语） 简单句：简单句： He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws
8、 pictures for the wall newspapers. 主语主语 及物及物 动词动词 系系 动词动词 宾语宾语 表语表语 不及物不及物 动词动词 宾语宾语+宾补宾补 间宾间宾+直宾直宾 宾语宾语 简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型 第一种句型：第一种句型：S+V The sun rises. He runs in the park. 第二种句型：第二种句型：S+V+O He plays the piano every morning. I know him very well. They want to go. He stopped writing. 第三种句型：第三种句型
9、：S+V+IO+DO My father bought me a car. 第四种句型：第四种句型：S+V+O+C(补充说明宾语的状态）补充说明宾语的状态） I will make you happy. We should keep the classroom clean. She heard him singing. I want her to come. 第五种句型：第五种句型：S+V+P She is a student. He has become an engineer. It tastes sweet. His face goes red. 注意：注意：系动词除了be 动词外，还包
10、括become, turn, look, seem, appear, sound, taste, smell, remain, prove, keep, fall. 并列句：并列句： 由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句 连在一起的句子叫做并列句。连在一起的句子叫做并列句。 He helps me and I help him. 注意：注意：不同的并列连词表示并列分句之间的不同关系， 根据并列分句之间的关系不同，并列分句可以分为四种。 He not only gave us a lot of advice , but also helped us to stud
11、y English. 表示联合关系的并列句表示联合关系的并列句 常用的连词有 and( 同，和 ), when(=and just at this time 就在这时，然后 ), not onlybut (also)( 不仅而且 ), neithernor （既 不也不）等。这类分句之间是顺承关系或并 列关系。如： We bought her a birthday present, and she liked it very much. Neither did the naughty boy go home nor did his parents come to search for him.
12、 I was just leaving when the telephone rang. Not only my father, but also my grandpa got red roses. 表示转折关系的并列句表示转折关系的并列句 这类并列句常用but （但是；可是），yet（可是；然 而），while （而）等来连接，后面分句与前面分句之间 有意义上的转折关系。 She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time. Certainly he apologized, however, I wont forgive him. I li
13、ke tea while she likes coffee. 表示选择关系的并列句表示选择关系的并列句 Either you are mad or I am. You must go early, otherwise you will miss the bus. 常用的连词有or , eitheror，otherwise, or else(否则）, 等连接.如： Will he still be there or will he have gone away? Take this bus or else you wont get there in time. 表示因果关系的并列句表示因果关系的
14、并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词so, for等连接，后面分 句与前面分句之间有因果关系。如： Mother was ill, so father cooked for us instead. They had often heard of elephants, but they had never seen one , for being blind, how could they? He worked day and night, therefore, he was able to buy the sports car. 状语从句状语从句 定语从句定语从句 名词性从句名词性从句 “竹枝”“竹
15、枝” 复合句：复合句： 复合句复合句(complex sentence) 是由主句从句是由主句从句 构成，它是英语中比较复杂的句子结构。一般构成，它是英语中比较复杂的句子结构。一般 来说，英语中一个句子只能有一个谓语，如果来说，英语中一个句子只能有一个谓语，如果 出现两个谓语动词，那么其中一个谓语动词只出现两个谓语动词，那么其中一个谓语动词只 能以从句的形式或并列句或非谓语动词的形式能以从句的形式或并列句或非谓语动词的形式 出现。所谓从句是指从属于主句的句子，由从出现。所谓从句是指从属于主句的句子，由从 属连词连接。从句的种类有很多，但根据其性属连词连接。从句的种类有很多，但根据其性 质和作用
16、可以分为状语从句、定语从句、名词质和作用可以分为状语从句、定语从句、名词 性从句。性从句。 After the students were all in the chemistry lab, the teacher brought out three bottles. Corn is a very useful plant that can be prepared in many different ways. 状语从句（状语从句（Adverbial cause):从句用作状语从句用作状语 When you cross a main road, you must be careful. Sit
17、 down wherever you like. As I didnt know the way, I asked a policeman. Youll be late, unless you hurry. We intend to go US, even if air fares are expensive. The news worried him so much that he didnt sleep at all for the whole night. They wrote the notice in several languages so that foreigners coul
18、d understand it. 定语从句（定语从句（Attributive Clauses): 由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作 用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词或代词，相当用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词或代词，相当 于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般跟于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般跟 在它所修饰的先行词后面。定语从句可分为限在它所修饰的先行词后面。定语从句可分为限 制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 Is he the man who/that wants to see you? Please pass me th
19、e book whose cover is green. Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history . 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun (Noun ClausesClauses）。）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，
20、名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组， 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、 介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能， 名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表 语从句和同位语从句。语从句和同位语从句。 名词性从句名词性从句 That the driver could not control his war was obvious. Who will win the match is still unknown. It is known to us ho
21、w he became a writer. He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together. Raw material is what we are badly in need of. It looks as if it is going to rain. The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 句子冲冲冲 动词动
22、词 短语短语 简单句简单句 扩展扩展 变换变换 中译英中译英 1.现代化的交通系统是否能解决问题还不得而知.(remain) Whether a modern traffic system can solve the problem of transportation remains a question. 2.无论面对何种挑战，他总是全力以赴，这使大家印象深 刻。(impress) Whatever challenges he may face, he always tries his best, which deeply impresses everyone. 3.学习英语几年后,许多学生
23、仍然觉得用英语和外国人交 流有点困难.(feel) Many students still feel they have some difficulty in communicating with foreigners in English after learning the language for years. 复合句、并列句、简单句之间的相互转化复合句、并列句、简单句之间的相互转化 1.Lucy cant sing the English song ” Yesterday Once More”. And Lily cant sing it, either.(改为简单句） 2.I hav
24、e to study harder, or I shall not catch up with my classmates.（改为含状语从句的复合句） 3.We will organize all kinds of activities in our English club. We can not only practise but also learn more English in the activities.(改为含定语从句的复合句） 4.（1)79.3% of the surveyed netizens say that their main motivation is to he
25、lp their parents to live a better life. (2)67.7% claim that they work harder in order to change their own fate. 5.(1)There was once a famous detective. (2) He was named Sherlock Holmes. (3) He lived in London. (4) The time was at the end of the nineteenth century. 6.(1)The other day we had an Englis
26、h speech contest. (2) I won the first prize in the contest. 复合句、并列句、简单句之间的相互转化复合句、并列句、简单句之间的相互转化 1.Lucy cant sing the English song ” Yesterday Once More”. And Lily cant sing it, either. Neither Lucy nor Lily can sing the English song ” Yesterday Once More”. 2.I have to study harder, or I shall not c
27、atch up with my classmates. I have to study harder in order that I can catch up with my classmates. 3.We will organize all kinds of activities in our English club. We can not only practise but also learn more English in the activities.(改为含定语从句的复合句） We will organize all kinds of activities in our Eng
28、lish club in which we can not only practise but also learn more English in the activities. 4.（1)79.3% of the surveyed netizens say that their main motivation is to help their parents to live a better life. (2)67.7% claim that they work harder in order to change their own fate. 79.3% of the surveyed
29、netizens say that their main motivation is to help their parents to live a better life while 67.7% claim that they work harder in order to change their own fate. 5.(1)There was once a famous detective. (2) He was named Sherlock Holmes. (3) He lived in London. (4) The time was at the end of the ninet
30、eenth century. There was once a famous detective named Sherlock who lived in London at the end of the nineteenth century. 6.(1)The other day we had an English speech contest. (2) I won the first prize in the contest. The other day we had an English speech contest in which I won the first prize in th
31、e contest. 4.这所学校规定:学生不许将手机带进校园.(make) 5.清华大学的目标是培养既拥有专业知识又具备独立思 考能力的学生。(aim) 6.这家店与众不同之处在于他提供更多的服务。(offer) 4.这所学校规定:学生不许将手机带进校园.(make) The school makes it a rule that students are not allowed to take mobile phones/cell phones to the school/campus. 5.清华大学的目标是培养既拥有专业知识又具备独立思 考能力的学生。(aim) The aim of Q
32、inghua University is to equip students not only with professional knowledge but also the ability of independent thinking. 6.这家店与众不同之处在于他提供更多的服务。(offer) What makes the shop different is that it offers more service(s) 句子的充实：句子的充实： 一篇好文章必然是内容充实，形式多样的。一篇好文章必然是内容充实，形式多样的。 学生尽可能避免写出内容简单，形式单调的学生尽可能避免写出内容简单
33、，形式单调的 句子。我们可以朝以下几个方面努力句子。我们可以朝以下几个方面努力 1.加强细节描写的意识加强细节描写的意识 Jacks present was refused. -what made Jack sad was that his present bought for Andy was refused. Mr. Li Ping gave us a lecture in the hall on Friday. -Mr. Li Ping gave us a lecture in the hall on Friday in order to help students learn Engl
34、ish better 2.对所表达的句子加以补充说明对所表达的句子加以补充说明 It is dangerous to walk home alone. -It is dangerous to walk home alone, especially in the dark. I prefer to go to Shanghai by plane than by train. -I prefer to go to Shanghai by plane than by train, because it is much faster and more comfortable. 3.对所表达的内容适当地
35、加以评论，充实句子。对所表达的内容适当地加以评论，充实句子。 Mr. Li will give us a report. -Mr. Li will give us a report, which will influence us a lot. -Mr. Li will give us a report, which will have an influence on our study. 其它其它 倒装句倒装句 变化变化 省略句省略句 强调句强调句 （强、倒、省） 3 2 1 Revision 现象现象 教学中使用了电脑。教学中使用了电脑。 好处好处 1.节省了老师们的精力。 2.学生也对课
36、程变得更有趣了。 The computer was used in teaching. Teachers energy was saved. Students became more interested in the lessons. The computer was used in teaching. As a result , not only was teachers energy saved, but students became more interested in the lessons. As a result not only but Ex. 1 Ex. 2 问题问题 学习
37、中有两个主要问题。学习中有两个主要问题。 表现表现 1.记单词难。 2.讲英语时感到紧张。 一句话表达：一句话表达： The two main problems in my study are that I feel it difficult to learn words by heart, and that I often feel nervous when speaking English. （2012湖南卷单选改编） 句式变换句式变换 1、I came here. 2、I realized this place was famous. 3、It was famous for not on
38、ly its beauty but also its weather. 1、正常句子： I did not realize this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather until I came here. 2、倒装 Not until I came here did I realize this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. 3、强调句、强调句 It was not until I came here that
39、 I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. Ex. 3 further Ex. 4 1 Li hua is our new teacher. 2 She teaches us English. 3 She speaks a dialect. 4 We find it hard to understand her dialect. 一句话表达：一句话表达： Lihua, our new English teacher, speaks a dialect which we find
40、hard to understand. Homework 假设你班本学期英语强报的主题是“The woman I admire most”，请你根据表格信息，写一篇介绍特蕾莎 修女（Mother Teresa)的英语短文 姓名姓名 Mother Teresa 生卒年月 1910年8月26日1997年9月5日 出生地 马其顿（Macedania) 主要经历 1.从小学习宗教，热爱众人； 2.在印度教地理多年； 3.1950年在加尔各答（Calcutta)成立了旨在帮助穷人 的博济会（Missionaries of Charity),其成员是义工； 4.一生致力于帮助穷人、病人、无家可归者和垂死临
41、 终者，为此1979年获诺贝尔和平奖； 5.晚年饱受心脏病折磨，1997年在印度病逝 标题标题 第一段第一段: : 第二段第二段: : 第三段第三段: : 概括所给短文内容要点概括所给短文内容要点约约30字字 过渡词引出主题句过渡词引出主题句-自己的观点自己的观点-理由理由 约约90字字 总结句总结句 约约30字字 第一段：概括所给短文内容要点（第一段：概括所给短文内容要点（记叙类记叙类） +注意：利用原文中所给的语言材料，用自己的话来写；概括后的文章意思注意：利用原文中所给的语言材料，用自己的话来写；概括后的文章意思 要通顺，行文要连贯。要通顺，行文要连贯。 写作具体方法和要求写作具体方法和
42、要求: 1.第一段概括要做到第一段概括要做到开门见山开门见山: 例如例如: 1)According to the passage, 2)This article is mainly about 3)The writer states that 2. 第一段概括要第一段概括要抓住要点抓住要点,语言精练语言精练,列出原文作列出原文作 者观点或内容。者观点或内容。 In this passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of fishing and was taught an unforgettable lesson by an old
43、man. He knew the importance of patience and finally got some fish.(33 words） My version for the summary 1. It occurs to me that a similar story of mine happened 3 years ago and taught me a lesson. 2. I had a similar experience at one time, too. 3. As far as I am concerned, I have a similar experienc
44、e . 4. I have such a similar experience, too. 5. I have a similar experience to the writers. 6. I also have a similar experience. We may write like these: 第二段：怎样写过渡句第二段：怎样写过渡句 + I also have an experience about being patient. I would like you, the reader, to share it with me. How to write an ending p
45、aragraph All in all, patience is very important. Everyone should have patience to do everything. (Point out the main idea) My version for the ending paragragh 第三段：怎样写结尾段第三段：怎样写结尾段 I have a similar experience. Once I waited for the bus at the stop for 30 minutes, no bus came. I couldnt wait any longe
46、r and decided to walk to school. But no sooner had I left than the bus arrived. I thought if I had waited for one more minute, I would have caught it. If I wanted to take the next bus, I would have to wait for another 30 minutes. Only then did I realize the importance of patience. Being impatient wi
47、ll waste all the efforts that we have made. Patience also plays an important part in our study and work. With it we can achieve greater success. (110 words ) Now, whenever I am to lose my patience, Ill think of the experience of waiting for a bus. (18 words) (161 words) +第二段第二段: :过渡词引出主题句过渡词引出主题句-自己
48、的观点自己的观点-理由理由 +开头用语（开头用语（议论文议论文） +I do agree with the author +In some way, I agree with , but +This opinion sounds right but is hardly practical. +It is definitely not like that. As a matter of fact, +To a great extent, Im for the writer idea. +In my opinion, +From my personal point of view +As far
49、as Im concerned + +第三段第三段 最后一段最后一段 : : 总结句开头用语：总结句开头用语： +In conclusion, +In short, +To make a long story short, +In general, +In a word, +In brief简单扼要地简单扼要地, +On the whole, +All in all, + 模板模板1：观点对比：观点对比 The topic about is becoming more and more popular in our school recently.There are two sides of opinion about it. Some students prefer to consider doing
