1、 句子成分及练习句子成分及练习 英语的词性：名词名词(noun)n.代词代词(pronoun)pron.实词实词 数词数词(numeral)num.形容词形容词(adjective)adj.或或a.副词副词(adverb)adv.动词动词(verb)v 冠词冠词(article)art.虚词虚词 介词介词(preposition)prep.连词连词(conjunction)conj.感叹词感叹词(interjection)inter.句子成分句子成分 句子成分的定义：句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；句子成分有主要成分
2、和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有宾语、定语、状语、补足语、次要成分有宾语、定语、状语、补足语、表语、同位语和表语、同位语和插入语插入语。（一）主语：（一）主语：主语主语(Subject)表示句子说的是什么人或什么事表示句子说的是什么人或什么事.是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名
3、词化的代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：1.During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.2.We often speak English in class.3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich
4、should help the poor.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.（主语从句）（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）试一试：指出下列句中主语的中心词指出下列句中主语的中心词.The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.There is an
5、old man coming here.The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.（二）谓语（二）谓语 谓语谓语(Predicate)说明主语所做的动作或说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：成。如：
6、He practices running every morning.The plane took off at ten oclock.（二）谓语（二）谓语 高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt (二二).选出句中谓语的中心词选出句中谓语的中心词.I dont like the picture on the wall.A.dont B.like C.picture D.wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A.get B.longer C.days D.summer Do you usuall
7、y go to school by bus?A.Do B.usually C.go D.There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A.will be B.meeting C.the library D.afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.Did B.twins C.have D.breakfast高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A.Tom
8、 B.didnt C.do D.his homework What I want to tell you is this.A.want B.to tell C.you D.is We had better send for a doctor.A.We B.had C.send D.doctor He is interested in music.A.is B.interested C.in D.music Whom did you give my book to?A.give B.did C.whom D.book 高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt（三）表语
9、（三）表语 表语表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如：及表语从句表示。例如：高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt1.Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）（名词）
10、2.Is it yours?（代词）（代词）3.The weather has turned cold.（形容词）（形容词）4.The speech is exciting.（分词）（分词）5.Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）（数词）高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt6.His job is to teach English.（不定式）（不定式）7.His hobby is playing football.（动名词）（动名词）8.The meeting is of great importance.（介词短语）（介词短
11、语）9.Time is up.The class is over.（副词）（副词）10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（表语从句）高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt注意：系动词（注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质，特征和身份等。表语，说明主语的状态，性质，特征和身份等。1）状态系动词状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，一词，例如：例如：He is a teacher.2）持续系动词持续系动词用来表示主语继续
12、或保持一种状况用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：例如：He always kept silent at meeting.3）表像系动词表像系动词用来表示用来表示“看起来像看起来像”这一概念，这一概念，主要有主要有seem,appear,look,例如：例如：He seems(to be)very sad.高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt注意：系动词（注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和表用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质，特征和身份等。语，说明主语的状
13、态，性质，特征和身份等。4）感官系动词感官系动词主要有主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.5）变化系动词变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：例如：The river was beginning to run dry.6）终止系动词终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turn out,表达表达“结果是结果是;证明是证明是”，之，之意，例如：意，例如：The
14、 rumor(谣言）谣言）proved false.His plan turned out a success.高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt 挑出下列句中的表语挑出下列句中的表语-The old man was feeling very tired.-The leaves have turned yellow.-Soon They all became interested in the subject.-My dream is that I can be admitted into a key university.一个完整的句子做一个完整的句子做表语
15、，表语，那么这个句子叫那么这个句子叫表语从句。表语从句。高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt（四）宾语（四）宾语 宾语（宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承受者，一）表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：1.He is doing his homework.2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.3.How many dictionaries do you have?I have five.（名词）（代词、动名词）（名词、数词）高
16、考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.5.He pretended not to see me.6.I enjoy listening to popular music.7.I think（that）he is fit for his office.（名词化形容词，名词）（不定式短语）（动名词短语）（宾语从句）高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt宾语种类宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：直接宾语
17、），例如：Lend me your dictionary,please.To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等，例如：等，例如：He sent the novel to William yesterday.For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等，例如：等，例如：She bought a gift for her mother.（2）复合宾语（宾语）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：宾补），例如：They elect
18、ed him their monitor.高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 Please tell us a story.My father bought a new bike for me last week.Mr.Li is going to teach us history next term.Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.Did he leave any message for me?直宾指物直宾指物 间宾指人间宾指人高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt 下列动
19、词只能接不定式做宾语下列动词只能接不定式做宾语 ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire等，如：等，如：He refused to lend me his bike.高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt 下列动词只能接动名词做宾语下列动词只能接动名词做宾语 admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,
20、escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等，如：等，如：John has admitted breaking the window.高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt 下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语，但意义不同，如宾语，但意义不同，如mean,try,remember,forget,regret等。等。forget to do表示表示“未发生的动作未发生的动作”，forget doing表示表示“已完成的动作已完成的动作”。如：。如：Dont forget to com
21、e here earlier tomorrow.(还没来还没来)I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了书已还给他了)高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt 挑出下列句中的宾语挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework.People all over the world speak English.How many new words did you learn last class?The old man sitting at the gate said that he w
22、as ill.一个完整的句子做一个完整的句子做宾语，宾语，那么这个句子叫那么这个句子叫宾语从句。宾语从句。高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt（五）宾语补足语（五）宾语补足语 宾语补足语（宾语补足语（Object Complement），），用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。可以接复合宾语的动词有：合宾语。可以接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。等。“宾补宾补”一般可由名一般可由名
23、词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：词短语和从句充当。例如：高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt1.His father named him Xiaoming.2.They painted their boat white.3.Let the fresh air in.4.You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.5.We saw her entering the room.6.We found everything in the lab in good o
24、rder.7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.（名词）（形容词）（副词）（不定式短语）（现在分词）（介词短语）（从句）高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt挑出下列句中的宾语补足语挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 He asked her to take the boy out of school.She found it difficult to do the work.They call me Lily sometimes.I saw Mr.Wang get on the bus.高考英语二轮复习句子成
25、分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt（六）定语（六）定语 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。定语可由以下等成分表示：定语可由以下等成分表示：1.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词（形容词）2.China is a developing country;America is a developed country.（分词（分词）3.There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名词）（名词）4.His rapid progress in Engl
26、ish made us surprised.（代词）（代词）高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt5.Our monitor is always the first person to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）（不定式短语）6.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）（动名词）7.He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）（介词短语）8.She is the girl who sings
27、best in my class.(定语从句定语从句)高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt挑出下列句中的定语挑出下列句中的定语1.What is your last name?2.I am afraid some people forgot to clean the floor.3.The man in the gym was trying to sleep.4.Gym is a place where you can exercise and have fun.一个完整的句子做一个完整的句子做定语，定语，那么这个句子叫那么这个句子叫定语从句。定语从句。高考英语
28、二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt（七）状语（七）状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语（Adverbial）。可由以下形式表示）。可由以下形式表示：1.Light travels most quickly.2.He has lived in the city for ten years.3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（副词及副词性词组）（介词短语
29、）（不定式短语）高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt4.He is in the room making a model plane.5.Wait a minute.6.Once you begin,you must continue.（分词短语）（名词）（状语从句）高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt9种状语种类如下：1.How about meeting again at six?2.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.3.I shall
30、 go there if it doesnt rain.4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor.5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（时间状语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（地点状语）（方式状语）高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt She came in with a dictionary in her hand.6.In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.7.He was so tired th
31、at he fell asleep immediately.8.She works very hard though she is old.9.I am taller than he is.（伴随状语）（目的状语）（结果状语）（让步状语）（比较状语）高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt 挑出下列句中的状语挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face.Every night he heard the noise upstairs.The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast
32、.He began to learn English when he was eleven.一个完整的句子做一个完整的句子做状语，状语，那么这个句子叫那么这个句子叫状语从句。状语从句。高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt(八)同位语:(Appositive)一个名词或代词后面有时可跟一个名词（或起类似作用的其他内容），对前者作进一步的解释,说明它指的是什么等，叫做同位语。可充当同位语的由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、从句等。1.This is Mr.Zhou,director of our hospital.2.You girls may take
33、 those seats over there.3.Word came that our team won.高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt1.She herself said so.2.They both look beautiful.3.Are you two ready.4.His suggestion,to go home,has met with some opposition.idea,fact,news,hope,belief,thought,doubt等词后常接同位语从句。I had no idea that you were here.高考
34、英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt(10)插入语：它是指插在句子中的词语，通常是对一句话作出一些附加的解释。1.When do you suppose they1.When do you suppose theyll be back.ll be back.2.Where did they suggest we should go 2.Where did they suggest we should go during the summer holiday?during the summer holiday?常做插入语的结构有：I think,I hope,Im a
35、fraid,I believe,I suppose,I wonder,you see,you know,dont you think,dont you know,I tell you,it seems,it seems to me,it is said,it is suggested 等。高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt(3)做插入语的还可以是不定式、现在分词、介词短语、形容词、副词或从句。1.To be frank,I dont agree with you.2.Strictly speaking,you are wrong.3.This,in my op
36、inion,is only a simple question.4.By the way,where is Xiao Li.5.Sure enough,enemy planes came again the next day.6.Honestly,I dont need it at the moment.7.You are not quite fit for this kind of work,if I may say so.高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
37、主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt英语句子的类型英语句子的类型 简单句简单句 并列句并列句 复合句复合句只有一个主谓结构只有一个主谓结构有两个或两个以上主谓结构有两个或两个以上主谓结构一个主句加一个或几个从句一个主句加一个或几个从句高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt二二.五种简单基本句型五种简单基本句型 主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语 主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语 主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语动词动词系动词系动词不及物动词不及物动
38、词及物动词及物动词主语主语+系系+表语表语主语主语+谓语谓语高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt Nobody went.She became a doctor.The car caught fire.I will write you a long letter.I will let him go.高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt1）Our city is at the crossing of some important railways.主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语 2）The city will become ric
39、h.主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语l在这类结构中最常用的系动词是：在这类结构中最常用的系动词是：“变化变化”类：类：_.“感官感官”类类:_.“持续持续”类：类：_.其他：（似乎）其他：（似乎）_ _(证明是证明是)_get/become/turn/grow/gotaste/smell/feel/look/soundstay/keep/remainseem appearturn out/prove(to be)1主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解pptExercises 你的故事听起来很有趣。_.把鱼放在冰箱里，否则它会变坏的。_.
40、这种炎热的天气将会保持几天。_.这个计划证明是可行的。_.Your story sounded very interesting.Put the fish into fridge,or they will go bad.The hot day will remain/stay/keep a few days.The plan turned out/proved（to be)practical.高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt2主语+谓语1）Building has started.主语 谓语2）The train leaves at 7:40.主语 谓语 搭
41、配：The teacher teaches well.The child walks very slowly.搭配：The girl looked at the picture.The children ran to the forest.动词副词动词副词动词介词动词介词高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解pptExercise我每天起的很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子上。小鸟在树上欢快的歌唱，鱼儿在池塘 里自由的嬉戏，我玩得也高兴._ _.Every day I get up early,walk to the park and sit on the bench.The
42、birds sing happily in the tree,the fish plays freely in the pool and I also enjoy myself.高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt3主语+谓语+宾语1）The boss employed five more workers.主语 谓语 宾2）My brother takes care of the vegetable garden.3）Few students like taking exams.4）He forgot to close the door.5）I hope I c
43、an speak English fluently.高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解pptExercise 他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。_.他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。_.他许诺给我一个礼物。_.He drove so fast that he broke the traffic rules.He took out a beer and drank it up quickly.He promised to give me a gift.高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt可接双宾语的常见动词有：ask,answer,giv
44、e,offer,send,bring,pass,tell,show,teach,buy,promise 顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？_.下学期谁教你们生物？_.Mr.White告诉我为什么他要出国。_.By the way,has she paid you money?Who will teach you biology?Mr.White told me why he went abroad.高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt4主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语1）He has fetched us some new textbooks.主语 谓语 间接宾语 直
45、接宾语2）Grandma cooked us a nice meal.主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 3）The man told the girl that he wants to test her the subject.4）The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt5主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语1）The villagers didnt allow them to do this.主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 2）I will keep the box in the shade.
46、3）We found him a very good pupil.4）She let me stay in the company.高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解pptExercise 他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。_.我建议他多读点书。_.他修了机器。_.我们选他当班长。_.He always keeps his room cleanI suggest him reading more books.He had his machine repaired.We made him monitor.高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解pp
47、t分析下列句子基本结构1.Our school is not far from my home.2.It is a great pleasure to talk with you.3.All of us considered him honest.4.My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5.He broke a piece of glass.6.He made it clear that he would leave the city.高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt7.I love you mor
48、e than her,child.8.Trees turn green when spring comes.9.They pushed the door open.10.Grammer told me an interesting story last night.11.He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.12.All the students think highly of his teaching.13.We need a place twice larger than this one.14.He asked us to sing
49、 an English song.15.At last he got home,tired and hungry.高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt并列句并列句用用分号分号或或并列连词并列连词把两个或几个简单句把两个或几个简单句连接起来的句子。连接起来的句子。用分号：用分号：We fished all day;we didnt catch a thing.用并列连词（如用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet等等）We fished all day,but we didnt catch a thing.高考英语二轮复习句子成分讲解ppt高考英语二轮复习句子成
50、分讲解pptExercise:请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。He was tired,so he went to bed.1.He was tired.He went to bed.2.The child didnt go out.He was afraid of the dog.3.He made a promise.He didnt keep it.He made a promise,but He didnt keep it.The child didnt go out,because he was afraid of the d
