1、The Canadian Occupational Health and Safety System加拿大职业卫生与安全体系An Overview概况Canada Has 14 Jurisdictions加拿大有14个行政辖区1 Federal一个联邦10 Provinces and 3 Territories10个省和3个地区.Provincial and Territorial Jurisdictions(90%of workers)省级及地方管辖区（90%的工人）:Provincial and territorial employees省级和地方员工Workers in most ind
2、ustries,including small businesses and self-employed workers在大多数行业中的工人，包括从事小买卖和自主经营者e.g.construction,manufacturing,textiles,mining如建筑业、制造业、纺织业和采矿业Federal Jurisdiction(10%of workers)联邦区划（10%的工人）:Employees of federal government and federal corporations,military联邦政府和联邦公司、军队的员工Workers in certain nationa
3、l corporations全国性公司中的工人 e.g.airlines,railways,telecommunications如航空、铁路和通信业Internal Responsibility System内部责任体系Employer and employees:雇主和雇员Know their work and the hazards best最清楚其工作和致危因素Cooperate to implement safety measures共同执行安全措施Employer manages the workplace safely.雇主安全管理工作场所Employer must take al
4、l reasonable actions to protect the health and safety of workers.雇主必须采取所有合理的行动保护工人的卫生与安全Employer is accountable for non-compliance.雇主要对不遵守法律的行为负责Government agencies:政府机构Legislate,inspect,and enforce(civil,criminal)立法、监督和执法（民法和刑法）Provide preventive services and incentives 提供预防性服务和激励措施Employer Respons
5、ibilities雇主职责Identify workplace hazards prevent&control 确认工作场所致危因素-预防和控制Implement safe work practices and comply with all regulations执行安全工作实践并遵守所有规章Develop hazard prevention program and management system制定危害预防方案和管理体系Provide workplace training and education to workers为工人提供工作场所培训和教育Support employee pa
6、rticipation,such as safety committees支持员工参与，如安全委员会Train supervisors to ensure they are“competent”培训部门主管以保证他们“称职”Inspect the workplace检查工作场所Have an accident investigation and reporting system有事故调查和报告体系Employer Due Diligence雇主的应尽职责Due diligence is a legal defense in case of accident or injury尽职尽责是在发生事
7、故和工伤时的合法防卫Evidence that all reasonable precautions were taken to prevent accidents and injuries证明采取一切合理的预防措施阻止事故和伤害的发生。Steps to demonstrate due diligence:展示尽职尽责的步骤Show that employer is aware of hazards and acting to control them.表明雇主清楚致危因素并采取行动对其进行控制Document policies,practices,and procedures.文件政策、实践
8、和程序Monitor workplace and ensure that employees follow workplace procedures and requirements.监督工作场所并确定所有雇员遵守工作场所程序和要求Implement good practices used in similar organizations and industries.执行在相似机构和行业使用的优秀实践。Workers Rights工人的权利Right to Participate参与权Joint Health and Safety Committees联合卫生与安全委员会Right to K
9、now知情权Must be informed about hazards必须告知雇员致危因素Must be trained on safe work procedures必须对员工进行工作安全程序的培训Right to Refuse unsafe work对不安全工作的拒绝权Specific procedures detailed in regulations具体的程序 应该在规章中说明 Workers Responsibilities工人的责任Work safely according to procedures根据程序安全地工作Use safety equipment and person
10、al protective equipment使用安全设备和个人防护设备Report hazards报告致危因素History of Health and Safety卫生与安全历史1884 Ontario Factories Act安大略行业法令1911 Building Trades Protection Act建筑保护法令1914 Workmens Compensation Act工人赔偿法令1917 Industrial Accident Prevention Assoc.工伤预防协会1929 Construction Safety Association建筑安全协会1978 Occu
11、pational Health and Safety Act职业卫生与安全法令1978 CCOHS founded 建立职业卫生与安全中心1998 Workplace Safety and Insurance Board工作场所安全和保险委员会Health and Safety Organizations卫生和安全组织Compensation boards(13)赔偿委员会Insurance保险,treatment待遇,rehabilitation（复职）,prevention预防,education教育Ministries of Labour(14)劳工部Legislation,standa
12、rds,enforcement立法、标准和执法CCOHS加拿大职业卫生与安全中心Sectoral and professional safety associations行业和职业安全协会Prevention,training,consulting预防、培训和咨询Education and training organizations教育和培训机构Research institutions 研究院Independent consultants 独立专家Workers Insurance in Canada加拿大的工人保险(Historic Compromise)Employers pay pr
13、emiums to workers compensation boards(WCBs)based on their injury record 雇主根据其工伤记录向赔偿委员会为工人缴纳保险Insurance is mandatory 保险是强制的No-fault insurance无过失保险 workers cannot sue employers工人不能起诉雇主Boards pay incentives to employers to encourage prevention,training,and other safety programs by employers委员会对雇主进行奖励以
14、鼓励雇主采取预防、培训和其他安全方案Roles of the Workers Compensation Boards(WCBs)工人赔偿委员会的职责Provide treatment and rehabilitation提供待遇和复职服务Pay injured workers while they recover受伤工人在康复过程中要得到赔偿费用 Pay pensions to workers who are permanently disabled向永久残疾的工人支付抚恤金Fund safety associations(industry sectors)为安全协会(工业行业）出资Deliv
15、er services for prevention and education为预防和教育活动提供服务 Example Construction Safety Association of Ontario安大略建筑安全协会Established 1929 to serve construction industry1929年成立，为建筑行业服务Bipartite employers and building trades双方-雇主和建筑工Funded by WSIB(compensation board)由安全检查委员会（赔偿委员会）出资About 2%of construction ins
16、urance funds($750 million(about$2000 per worker per year)Major functions:主要功能Education and training 教育和培训Consulting and technical advice咨询和技术建议Target companies with high injury rates高工伤率的目标企业Target new companies瞄准新企业Research研究CCOHS加拿大职业卫生与安全中心Established 1978 as the national centre1978年作为国家中心成立Manda
17、te宗旨:promote OH&S提升职业卫生与安全Tripartite(governments,industry,unions)三方（政府、行业、工会）Primary roles:首要职责Information to all workplace parties将信息通告工作场所各方Free Inquiries and OSH Answers免费提问和提供免费职业卫生与安全答案Databases legislation,CHEMINFO数据库-立法Publications and e-courses出版物和电子课程Workplace tools and services OH&S manage
18、ment system,MSDS writer,MSDS management工作场所工具和服务-职业卫生与安全管理体系，Collaborative projects such as INTOX 协同工程Recent Trends in Canada加拿大的近期趋势Improved performance绩效得到提升Fewer injuries,better compliance更少的工伤，更好的遵守法律More enforcement更多地执法Criminal liability追究刑事责任More research to identify best practices进行更多研究以确认最佳
19、实践More workplace requirements:工作场所更多要求Education and training教育和培训Prevention programs and management 预防项目和管理Evolving Issues in Canada加拿大不断出现的问题Effectiveness of incentives to employers对雇主刺激的有效性Low injury rates低工伤率High performance:好的表现Strong prevention programs强大的预防方案Management systems 管理体系Corporate social responsibility融入社会责任感Performance beyond the law法律之外的表现New employment relationships新雇用关系More contract work更多合约工作Employment agencies雇用机构Thank youCanadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety bobwccohs.ca
