1、 长难句分析长难句分析Im Lily Allen.Im Lily Allen in BLCU.除了除了“主干成分主干成分”,还有,还有“修饰成分修饰成分”(只有只有“主干成分主干成分”,没有,没有“修饰成分修饰成分”)The main factors that make sentences hard to understand:1.含有较多成分的简单句(同位语、介词短语、非谓语动词、含有较多成分的简单句(同位语、介词短语、非谓语动词、定语、状语、插入语)定语、状语、插入语)2.含有多个简单句的并列句含有多个简单句的并列句3.并列句和主从复合句并存并列句和主从复合句并存4.倒装句。倒装句。How
2、 to make good analysis of sentence structures(five steps)1.隔离插入成分,寻找特殊标点隔离插入成分,寻找特殊标点 2.寻找连词,确定句子种类(简单句、并列句、复合句)寻找连词,确定句子种类(简单句、并列句、复合句)3.寻找句中的动词或者动词结构寻找句中的动词或者动词结构4.确定整个句子框架确定整个句子框架标出主句主干部分及从属连词标出主句主干部分及从属连词5.确定从句框架确定从句框架标出从句主干部分标出从句主干部分Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college gradu
3、ates this year as short-term teachers,almost three times the number hired last year,to help reduce unemployment pressures.介词短语介词短语定语定语时间状语时间状语过去分词过去分词做定语做定语不定式做状语不定式做状语School are expected to hire college graduates.1.带有较多成分的简单句带有较多成分的简单句不定式做状语不定式做状语时间状语时间状语介词短语介词短语同位语同位语句子主干句子主干:/如:如:Having chosen fa
4、mily television programs and womens magazines,the toothpaste marketer,for instance,must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific womens magazines to be used.例如例如,决定选择家庭电视节目和妇女杂志后,牙膏经销商,决定选择家庭电视节目和妇女杂志后,牙膏经销商还必须挑选出要用的确切的电视节目和电视台,以及那些还必须挑选出要用的确切的电视节目和电视台,以及那些具体的妇女杂志。具体
5、的妇女杂志。在这个有在这个有30多个词的简单句中,动词多个词的简单句中,动词-ing形式短语用形式短语用作时间状语,不定式作时间状语,不定式to be used修饰的不仅是修饰的不仅是womens magazine,而且还修饰,而且还修饰television programs and stations。exact television同时修饰同时修饰programs和和stations两个两个词,这在翻译中可以看出来。插入语词,这在翻译中可以看出来。插入语for instance把主语把主语和谓语分隔开了。和谓语分隔开了。2.含有多个简单句的并列句含有多个简单句的并列句In the 1970s
6、 he was a surgeon(外科医生外科医生)at Yale,had a wonderful wife and five beautiful children,but he was terribly unhappy.在第二个并列句中,即在在第二个并列句中,即在hadhad前面省略了前面省略了_ _.and he /_在在20世纪世纪70年代,他在耶鲁当一名外科医生,有一个年代,他在耶鲁当一名外科医生,有一个出色的妻子和五个可爱的孩子,但他过得并不开心。出色的妻子和五个可爱的孩子,但他过得并不开心。Discrimination(歧视歧视)isnt their only concern;a
7、lmost everyone testing positive for the Huntingtons gene(基因基因)develops symptoms(症状症状)during middle age,and doctors can do nothing to help.担心担心受到歧视并不是他们唯一的忧虑,几乎所有遗传性亨受到歧视并不是他们唯一的忧虑,几乎所有遗传性亨廷顿病基因检测呈阳性的人在中年时症状都会显现出来,廷顿病基因检测呈阳性的人在中年时症状都会显现出来,而医生对此却无能为力而医生对此却无能为力。三个分句均为简单句,分别用分号和三个分句均为简单句,分别用分号和and连接。连接。
8、3.并列和主从复合句并存并列和主从复合句并存I cant live in fear of the possibility that as the earths population grows and we use more and more of our nonrenewable(不能再生的不能再生的)resources,our children may have to lead poorer lives.在在possibility后由后由that引导的引导的_从从句中还含有一并列结构的句中还含有一并列结构的_.同位语从同位语从句句我不能总是生活在对这种可能性的忧虑中:随着地球上我不能总是生
9、活在对这种可能性的忧虑中:随着地球上人口的不断增长,我们正在消耗掉越来越多的非再生资人口的不断增长,我们正在消耗掉越来越多的非再生资源,我们的孩子可能不得不过着更加贫穷的生活。源,我们的孩子可能不得不过着更加贫穷的生活。时间状语从句时间状语从句/_4.倒装句倒装句Before 1066,in the land we now call Great Britain lived people belonging to two major language groups.10661066年以前,在我们现在称为英国的土地上,年以前,在我们现在称为英国的土地上,住着属于两个主要语种的民族。住着属于两个主要
10、语种的民族。Before 1996,people belonging to two major language groups lived in the land we all call Great Britain.5.含有含有多个插入成分的多个插入成分的句子句子His journey to the e-mail hell began innocently(无知地)(无知地)enough when,as chairman of Computer Associates International,a software company,he first heard how quickly his
11、employees had accepted their new electronic-mail system.他他在电子邮件的地狱之旅是糊里糊涂开始的。作为国际计算机联合公在电子邮件的地狱之旅是糊里糊涂开始的。作为国际计算机联合公司这家软件公司的董事长,他当时还是第一次听说他的雇员们是多么司这家软件公司的董事长,他当时还是第一次听说他的雇员们是多么快地就接受了他们公司的新的电子邮件系统。快地就接受了他们公司的新的电子邮件系统。as chairman of Computer Associates International是是he的同位的同位语,语,a software company是是Co
12、mputer Associates International的的同位语,他们将从属连词同位语,他们将从属连词when引导的时间状语从句的主语分隔开了。引导的时间状语从句的主语分隔开了。The old worker insisted that he wasnt old and that he be sent back to the working post again.在insist 后面引导了两个并列的_从句,第一个 _ 从句中使用的是_语气,第二个_从句中使用的是_语气宾语宾语陈述陈述虚拟虚拟_宾语宾语宾语宾语Car sharing is usually run by a service
13、like Zipcar,though there are nonprofit(非营利的)and informal car sharing services.We can learn from the passage that _.A.Zipcar cant help you if you are running urgent errands(使命)B.Zipcar,different from other services,is aimed at green driving with no profitC.Zipcar is a company supplying car sharing se
14、rvices for a monthly payment D.Zipcar is a company providing formal car sharing free翻译题:Malaysia Airlines deeply regrets that we have to assume beyond any reasonable doubt that MH370 has been lost and that none of those on board survived.马来西亚航空公司深表遗憾的是,我们必须假设,可以排除合理的怀疑,认为MH730已经遗失,飞机上无人生还。In fact,th
15、e analysis showed,normal children aged 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago Question:According to the analysis,compared with normal children today,children treated as mentally ill 50 years ago _ Ahad little communication with friends Bwere probably less self-centered Cprobably suffered less from anxiety Dwere considered less individualistic