1、2021年高考英语七选五解题技巧和方法秘秘命命题题揭揭1.短文体裁：短文体裁：以说明、议论和夹以说明、议论和夹叙夹议为主，记叙文不适合考查叙夹议为主，记叙文不适合考查逻辑推理判断能力，出现的几率逻辑推理判断能力，出现的几率不大。短文一般在不大。短文一般在300词左右，词左右，其中正文词数其中正文词数240左右，选项词左右，选项词数数60左右。左右。选项及设空：大致可分为主题句、标题句和总结句选项及设空：大致可分为主题句、标题句和总结句等主旨概括句等主旨概括句(文章内容文章内容)、过渡性语句、过渡性语句(文章结构文章结构)和注释性语句和注释性语句(上下文逻辑意义、举例说明上下文逻辑意义、举例说明
2、)三类三类。另外两个多余的干扰项也可以通过这三个特点。另外两个多余的干扰项也可以通过这三个特点来排除，例如主旨概括句要么过于宽泛，要么以来排除，例如主旨概括句要么过于宽泛，要么以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性语句不能反映文章的偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性语句不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性语句与上文脱节等。行文结构，注释性语句与上文脱节等。3.主要考察考生对主要考察考生对文章的整体内容文章的整体内容和和结结构构以及以及上下文逻辑意义上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握的理解和掌握。（考试说明）。（考试说明）4.命题原理命题原理两个一致性原则两个一致性原则A.段落主题唯一：短文中的每个段落只能有一个主题段落主题唯一：
3、短文中的每个段落只能有一个主题B.局部话题一致：段落中的前后两句话肯定存在关联局部话题一致：段落中的前后两句话肯定存在关联试题再现试题再现 2021年高考第一次统考年高考第一次统考 Recall how you find a name in a telephone book?You dont read any more than necessary to find the name you seek.Notice that you go directly down a column of news.Maybe you use your finger to guide your eyes.Thi
4、s type of reading is usually called scanning.36 In scanning,you know what you are looking for.In skimming you don t.Since you dont know exactly what you are looking for while skimming,prepare yourself by reading the title,source,author and picture.Then you question yourself-who,what,when,where is th
5、is likely to be mainly about?37 Look for exact names of people,places,things,ideas,numbers and words like therefore,whenever,until,because and instead,to inform you of how and why.38 You will soon be able to detect important facts and strange vocabularies by this important step.And you even can find
6、 words that are clues to important relationships.Its a good practice to skim everything in mass media after reading the title and first paragraph.You may get all the information you want.39 Skim everything you intend to read before you make a final decision to read or study the material.Skim all hig
7、hlights（最精彩的部分）and develop a read-skim pattern for rapid review.40 Reviewing frequently and rapidly is the best way to remember information from notes and long texts.索索This type of reading is usually called scanning.36 In scanning,you know what you are looking for.In skimming (略读)you don t.G.Skimmin
8、g uses the same type of skill in form but a different skill mentally.G“逻辑逻辑”解释关系解释关系段中空：找前后句的关系段中空：找前后句的关系 Then you question yourself-who,what,when,where is this likely to be mainly about?37 Look for exact names of people,places,things,ideas,F.With a questioning mind,you direct your eyes down the co
9、lumn of print.段中空：找前后句的关系段中空：找前后句的关系F 索索“词汇词汇 复现复现”38 You will soon be able to detect important facts and strange vocabularies by this important step.And you even can find words that are clues to important relationships.E.Skimming is a step you should always take before you read any article.D 索索 词汇词
10、汇复现复现段开头：段开头：1.是否是主旨句是否是主旨句 2.是否是引出下文是否是引出下文 Its a good practice to skim everything in mass media after reading the title and first paragraph.You may get all the information you want.39 D.This keeps your skimming skills from becoming worse.D 索索 代词代词指代指代段末句：段末句：1.是否是主旨句是否是主旨句 2.是否是承上启下句是否是承上启下句 Skim
11、everything you intend to read before you make a final decision to read or study the material.Skim all highlights（最精彩的部分）and develop a read-skim pattern for rapid review.40 Reviewing frequently and rapidly is the best way to remember information from notes and long texts.G.And dont overlook this!A 索索
12、 代词代词指代指代段中空：找前后句的关系段中空：找前后句的关系注意：本题不要受注意：本题不要受notes影响而选影响而选C 11.词汇复现词汇复现 3.代词指代代词指代2.句式一致句式一致4.逻辑关系逻辑关系例（1）Before you shake hands with somebody,make sure that your hands are clean.The handshake should not be too strong or weak.Most people use their right hands,unless they have a reason to use the l
13、eft._A.Youll be in serious trouble if you leave them with a bad impression.B.However,dont have your left hand in your pockets because this appears impolite.例（例（2）A birthday surprise Nathan woke up early and raced into the kitchen.He saw his family preparing their breakfast just like every other day.
14、_ Where was his birthday cake?Did his family forget his special day?A.And there was nobody.B.Where were his birthday presents?7 They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger,B.He said that laughter is much healthier than anger.A.Doctors say the s
15、olution is learning how to deal with anger.代词指代代词指代例（3）代词提示：代词提示：it:it:单数名词或整个句子；单数名词或整个句子；this:this:单数名词或句子；单数名词或句子；one:one:单数可数名词；单数可数名词；they/them:they/them:复数名词复数名词 _ However,the real movie capital is Mumbai(孟买市),in India.A.Sometimes they even write the script by hand.B.Most people think the capi
16、tal of the movie is Hollywood,in the USA.例（4）例（例（5）Finally,you never know what wonderful ideas might strike while your mind has moved slowly away._9_ A.At one time daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illness.B.Therefore,its a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby whe
17、n youre in the daydream zone.B.There are three practical note-taking methods.C.First,the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.例（6）_.Second,your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test.转折（转折（but,however）因果因果(beca
18、use,therefore,so 并列并列(顺序顺序)also,first,second（2020年年7月，浙江卷）月，浙江卷）I experienced years of loneliness as a child.11.His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine.With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood,I had to spend hours by myself.A bright
19、spot for me turned out to be reading.My love of the written word began early as my mother read to me every evening.12.I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several books.I quickly graduated from typical childrens books to one
20、s with fewer pictures and longer chapters.Reading opened new worlds to me.13.My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted.I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me.When my mother saw my creations,she told
21、me how creative my designs were.14.I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful.It was a trait(特点)others found helpful,and I soon had friends who wanted to make things with me.15.My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time o
22、utside,no matter the weather or season.My brother,of course,raced off to be with his friends,while I had plenty to do myself.There was making leaf houses in autumn,ice skating in winter,and so much more.Theyre all memories I treasure today.A.I wasnt alone any longer.B.I enjoyed reading stories aloud
23、.C.I was invited to play with another kid.D.I loved the colorful photographs in the books.E.Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.F.Thus,I began my lifelong interest in making things.G.My older brother couldnt be bothered to play with me.Steps 步骤步骤 Methods 方法方法 11.词汇复现词汇复现 3.代词指代代词指代2.句式一致
24、句式一致4.逻辑关系（逻辑关系（转折，因果转折，因果.）七选五的解题步骤：七选五的解题步骤：1.先了解文章内容大意。先了解文章内容大意。2.做题先易后难。做题先易后难。（看首段和大小标题或每段首句）（看首段和大小标题或每段首句）例如：例如：小标题，小标题，以动词原形以动词原形开头的句子开头的句子Homework:（2020年，新高考全国I卷）Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.1616.Do you want to be a good public speaker?Here are some principles
25、you must master.People want to listen to someone who is interesting,relaxed and comfortable.Too often when you stand up to give a speech,you focus on the“public”at the expense of the“speaking.”17.17.Focus on the speaking.Talk directly to your audience,be yourself and make a connection.Even the most
26、successful public speaker will make mistakes.Yet,the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking.Peoples attention wanders constantly.In fact,most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speakers message.So,dont stop speaking when you make a mistake unless its a truly serious on
27、e.18.18.Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.19.19.And like everything else in life,that takes practice.Remember,even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.20.20.Its rare to hear someone say,“I wish that speaker had spoken longer.“On the other hand,you probab
28、ly cant count the times that youve thought,“Im glad that talk is over.It seemed to go on forever!“So surprise your audience.Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated.Its better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your s
29、peech finally to end.A.Do the opposite.B.You want to be an effective public speaker.C.You don t need to apologize for a minor slip.D.When it comes to public speaking,less is usually more.E.The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audienceF.Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listenersG.However,the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
