1、虚虚 拟拟 语语 气气Subjunctive Mood12022-11-6语气概念：语气概念：谓语动词用谓语动词用不同的形式不同的形式表示说话人的表示说话人的不同意图不同意图，这种，这种形式形式称称为语气。为语气。1.陈述陈述语气语气：用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有肯定、：用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有肯定、否定、疑问、感叹等形式。否定、疑问、感叹等形式。He is late for class.He is not interested in classical music.2.祈祈使语气使语气：用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等：用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等（动词常
2、用原形）（动词常用原形）Dont be late！3.虚拟虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、语气：表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。愿望、怀疑或推测。22022-11-6 如果上天能够再给我一次机会如果上天能够再给我一次机会,我会对那个女孩说：我会对那个女孩说：“我爱你我爱你”。If I had one more chance,I would say to the girl“I love you”.32022-11-6If I had time,I would attend the meeting.现在现在If he had hurried,he cou
3、ld have caught the train.过去过去If I were to go abroad,I would go to America.将来将来一、虚拟语气在一、虚拟语气在 if if非真实条件句中非真实条件句中42022-11-6虚拟条件虚拟条件从句从句(If)主主 句句与与现在现在事实相反的假设事实相反的假设与与将来将来事实相反的假设事实相反的假设与与过去过去事实相反的假设事实相反的假设主语主语+did/were主语主语+should/would/could/might+do主语主语+had done主语主语+should/would/could/might+have done
4、 did/were 主语主语+should do were to do主语主语+should/would/could/might+do52022-11-6If you had studied hard before,you would have passed the exam.1.1.如果我是你，我会接受他的建议。如果我是你，我会接受他的建议。2.2.如果明天下雨，我会待在家里。如果明天下雨，我会待在家里。3.3.如果你以前好好学习如果你以前好好学习，你，你会通过考试的。会通过考试的。If I were you,I would accept his advice.If it rained/sh
5、ould rain/were to rain tomorrow,I would stay at home.62022-11-6You didnt let me drive.If we _ in turn,you _ so tired.A.drove;didnt getB.drove;wouldnt getC.were driving;wouldnt getD.had driven;wouldnt have got72022-11-6如果如果明天下雨，我会待在家里。明天下雨，我会待在家里。If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow,rainsI
6、would stay at home.will stay1.1.语气一致性语气一致性注意：注意：2.2.unlessIf it doesnt rain tomorrow,I will go hiking.Unless it rains tomorrow,I will go hiking.82022-11-63 3.错综时间虚拟语气错综时间虚拟语气当从句主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的当从句主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。If you _(follow)my advice just now,y
7、ou _(be)better now.If you _(study)hard before,you _(be)a college student now.had followedwould behad studiedwould be92022-11-6If you _ with George earlier,you _ so angry now.A.talked;would not beB.had talked;would not beC.would talk;would not beD.had talked;would not have been102022-11-6If we had ta
8、ken such effective measures much earlier,the river _ so seriously now.A.is not pollutedB.would not be pollutedC.had not been pollutedD.would not have been polluted112022-11-64 4.if从句从句倒装倒装从句从句中，有中，有should，助动词，助动词had，were时，可时，可省略省略if，并将，并将should，had，were提至句提至句首首，用于，用于倒装倒装结构，否定词结构，否定词not不能提前。不能提前。Had
9、I not seen him then(Hadnt I seen him then),I wouldnt have been very happy.1.If I were you,I would accept his advice.2.If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow,I.3.If you had studied hard before,you would have passed the exam.Had you studied hard before,Were I you,Should it rain tomorrow/Were i
10、t to rain tomorrow,.122022-11-6_ it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the Yang Pu Bridge.A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will 132022-11-65 5.含蓄含蓄虚拟语气虚拟语气 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中，并不总是出现有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中，并不总是出现ifif引导的条件句，而通过其它手段来代替条件句引导的条件句，而通过其它手段来代替条件句。常用。常用的的有有with，without，but for，if only,or，bu
11、t；otherwise,分词分词等等。1.I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would have taken part in the sports meeting.=If I hadnt been ill that day,I would have taken part in the sports meeting.2.If only I had followed your advice.142022-11-63.He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or I would have known nothing abou
12、t it.4.I should have given you more help,but I was too busy.5.What would you do with a million dollars?6.Without/But for your help,we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.=If it had not been for your help,7.Born in better times,he would have been a scholar.152022-11-6Without electricity,huma
13、n being life _ quite different today.A.isB.will beC.would have beenD.would be162022-11-6But for his help,I _.A.should not have succeededB.have not succeededC.did not succeedD.had not succeeded172022-11-6He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball,otherwise he _ a goal.A.had scoredB.scoredC.wou
14、ld scoreD.would have scored182022-11-6 Why didnt you buy it?I _ but I didnt have the money.A.would B.would have C.had had D.had bought192022-11-66.6.情态情态动词动词+have+have donedonecould have done 本来可以做，而实际上未做本来可以做，而实际上未做-might have done 本来可能本来可能/可能做过可能做过-should/ought to have done 本来应该做本来应该做-shouldnt/oug
15、ht not to have done 本不该做本不该做-would have done 本来会去做本来会去做-我没有足够的钱否则我会买那本书的我没有足够的钱否则我会买那本书的I didnt have enough money,otherwise I would have bought that book.你本不应该告诉她真相。你本不应该告诉她真相。You shouldnt have told her the truth.202022-11-6注：注：情态动词情态动词+have done 还可以用于对过去发生事情的推测还可以用于对过去发生事情的推测The road is wet.It must
16、 have rained last night.路是湿的，昨晚一定下雨了。路是湿的，昨晚一定下雨了。She couldnt have missed the good chance because she was looking for a job.她一定不会错过这个好机会因为她在找工作。她一定不会错过这个好机会因为她在找工作。neednt have done 本不必做本不必做 而实际做了而实际做了-didnt need to do 没必要做也没有做没必要做也没有做-我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了了I didnt need to clean the windows.My br
17、other did it.I neednt have cleaned the windows,but I was too bored.212022-11-6二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中1.1.wishwish+宾语从句宾语从句 与与现在现在事实相反事实相反 did/were 与与过去过去事实相反事实相反 had done（或用或用could have done）与与将来将来事实相反事实相反 could/would/might+do I wish(that)he _(visit)us tomorrow.I wish(that)he _(visit)us today.I w
18、ish he _(visit)us yesterday.had visited/could have visitedwould/could/might visitvisited222022-11-62.as if/as though+表语表语/方式状语从句方式状语从句与与现在相反现在相反 did/were与与过去相反过去相反 had done与与将来相反将来相反 would/could/might+do He looks as if he were an artist.He talked about the accident as if he had seen it.注意：注意：as if 也
19、可以用陈述语气也可以用陈述语气Look at the black clouds.It looks as if it is going to rain.232022-11-6When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it _.A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken242022-11-63.在在would rather+宾语宾语从句从句中中与与现在或将来事实现在或将来事实相反相反did/were与与过去事实过去事实相反相反had done即即：would
20、rather sb did/had doneI would rather you _(come)here tomorrow.I would rather you _(not tell)me the truth.camehadnt told252022-11-64.It is(high/about)time(that)sb did sb should（不可省略）（不可省略）+do 该是某人做某事的时候了。该是某人做某事的时候了。It is high time that you got up/should get up.Im getting tired;its time we _ home.A.g
21、o B.are going C.went D.should be going262022-11-65.建议、命令、要求建议、命令、要求建议建议(advise/suggest/propose/recommend)命令命令(order/command)要求要求(demand/require/request/desire)坚持坚持(insist)等等词：词：（should）+do272022-11-61.I advised that he(should)go there at once.(宾语从句宾语从句)2.That he(should)go there at once was advised.(
22、主语从句主语从句)It was advised that he(should)go there at once.(He was advised to go there at once.)3.My advice is that he(should)go there at once.(表语从句表语从句)4.I made a piece of advice that he(should)go there at once.(同位语从句同位语从句)区别区别：This is the advice that/which he made at the meeting.(定语从句定语从句)主要用于下列四种句型（
23、以主要用于下列四种句型（以advise为例）：为例）：我我建议建议他立刻去那里。他立刻去那里。282022-11-6The officer gave the order that nothing _ until the people arrived.A.didnt touch B.touched C.be touched D.touch292022-11-6注意：注意：suggest:表明表明，暗示暗示陈述陈述语气语气 建议建议 虚拟语气虚拟语气Her pale face suggested that she _(be)ill and I suggested that she _(send)t
24、o hospital immediately.insist：坚持坚持说，坚持说，坚持认为（某观点）认为（某观点）陈述语气陈述语气 坚持坚持主张，坚持要求主张，坚持要求（某动作）（某动作）虚拟语气虚拟语气He insisted that he _(not steal)the money and insisted that he _(set)free.was(should)be senthadnt stolen(should)be set302022-11-66.主语主语从句中的虚拟语气（主要是从句中的虚拟语气（主要是it作形式主语）作形式主语）It is/was形容词形容词/名词名词that主语
25、从句多数情况下主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气用虚拟语气,表表达达一种要求一种要求,命令命令或者责备或者责备,但是但是如果只是如果只是表示陈述一个事实表示陈述一个事实而不而不是强烈的感情是强烈的感情,完全完全可以可以用一般的陈述语气用一般的陈述语气.It is necessary/important/natural/strange/funny/surprising/a pity/a shame/no wonder that sb(should)+do It is strange that he(should)have treated his parents like that.It is a pi
26、ty that Lucy(should)be so careless.注意：以上句式也可用于陈述语气注意：以上句式也可用于陈述语气It is strange that he didnt come yesterday.It is a pity that she cant sing.312022-11-6It is strange that the lazy boy _ pass the exam.A.has B.should C.would D.might 322022-11-6 虚拟语气与高考虚拟语气与高考 1.我们在做语法填空题时，一旦判断所给动词在句我们在做语法填空题时，一旦判断所给动词在
27、句中作为谓语后，就考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓中作为谓语后，就考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等一致等。2.短文改错中，可能出现动词形式的错误。短文改错中，可能出现动词形式的错误。3321.It is strange that the little boy _ speak two foreign languages.A.could B.can C.should D.would2.He gave orders that the experiment _ before 5:30pm.A.be finished B.will finish C.must be finished3.He _ you m
28、ore help,even though he was very busy.A,might have given B.might give C.may have givenCAA一、单项选择一、单项选择 灵活运用灵活运用 342022-11-61.If I _(be)you,I would do it in a different way.与与现在事实现在事实相反相反2.If you had followed my advice just now,you _(be)fine now.与与现在事实现在事实相反相反3.He hesitated for a moment before kicking
29、 the ball,otherwise he _(score)a goal.与与过去事实过去事实相反相反4.If I _(have)a million dollars,I would first donate some of the money to poor children in remote mountainous areas.与与现在事实现在事实相反相反werewould be二、单句填空二、单句填空 would have scoredhad3525.The doctor ordered that she _(stay)in bed for a few days.(should)sta
30、y6.It is very important that you _(master)the skills of computer.7.English teachers give advice that we _(make)good use of every chance to speak English.(should)make(should)master8.It is high time that we _(take)some measures to protect the wild animals.took/should take9.How I wish every family _(ha
31、ve)a large house with a beautiful garden！had10.Janes pale face suggested that she _(be)ill,and her parents suggested that she _(have)a medical examination.wasshould have362三、单句改错三、单句改错 1.How I wish there are 28 hours a day so that I had more time for fun.are were 与现在事实相反或不可能实现的愿望，故用一般过去与现在事实相反或不可能实现
32、的愿望，故用一般过去时。时。2.Had he worked hard years ago,he would have become very rich today.删除删除have 前句相当于前句相当于If he had worked hard years ago,与过去事与过去事实相反的假设实相反的假设,主句是对现在事实的假设。属于错综情况。句意：主句是对现在事实的假设。属于错综情况。句意：如果他几年前就努力工作，他现在一定就变得富有了。如果他几年前就努力工作，他现在一定就变得富有了。3723.If I were a boy again,I will remember that a good
33、 skater never tries to skate in two directions at once.will would 虚拟条件句是与现在事实相反的情况，主句虚拟条件句是与现在事实相反的情况，主句谓语用谓语用would do。4.But the fact that China are also affected by the global economic crisis,we would have fewer workers now.在在But后加后加for 因因but for(如果没有，要不是如果没有，要不是)是固定短语，是固定短语，常与虚拟语气连用。常与虚拟语气连用。3825.
34、It might have been done better if you have been more careful.have had 在表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句中，谓在表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句中，谓语用过去完成时。语用过去完成时。6.I actually believe that we would be in Xian now if you hadnt caught drunk while driving last month.在在caught前加前加been 表示表示“被抓被抓”用被动语态。用被动语态。3927.It is high time that we establi
35、sh an honest and fair system of education.establish established 或在或在establish 前加前加 should 因为由因为由句型句型It is time that sb.should do 或或 It is high time that sb.did sth.决定的。其中决定的。其中should不能省略。不能省略。8.Mr.Li,my best friend,speaks English as if he is an Englishman.is were 表示与现在事实相反的情况，用一般过去时表表示与现在事实相反的情况，用一般
36、过去时表示，示，be一律用一律用were。4029.Tibet is so mysteriously described by some people that I think if only I can go there.can could 因因if only(但愿，要是但愿，要是就好了就好了)是个固定句型是个固定句型,表示将来的愿望表示将来的愿望,用用could do。10.Id rather he goes to the theatre tomorrow.goes went 在在would rather后接句子时，用一般过去时表示后接句子时，用一般过去时表示与现在或将来不太可能的愿望；用过去完成时表示与过去事实与现在或将来不太可能的愿望；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。相反的愿望。412
