1、Grammar and usageV-ing form制作132014年下学期现在分词现在分词功功 能能定语定语表语表语宾语补足语宾语补足语状语状语现在分词的形式与动名词相同，但功能不同.可在句中充当定语，表语，状语和补语。定语定语 an interesting book boiling water the man sitting by the window the bridge being built单个分词用于名词前，用来修饰该名词，单个分词用于名词前，用来修饰该名词，功能上相当于形容词；功能上相当于形容词；分词短语用于名词后，相当于一个定语分词短语用于名词后，相当于一个定语从句。从句。T
2、he girl writing a letter there can speak English very well.The girl who is writing a letter there can speak English very well.The factory making TV sets is very large.The factory which makes TV sets is very large.1.Everybody says he is a _ boy.A.promised B.promising C.to promise D.promise 解析：这是一个典型的
3、解析：这是一个典型的v-ing形式作前置形式作前置定语以形容词功能出现，在这里，定语以形容词功能出现，在这里，promising意为意为“有希望的有希望的”。故答案为。故答案为 B。典型例题典型例题2012湖南卷湖南卷31.The lecture,_ at 7:00 pm last night,was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.A.starting B.being started C.to start D.to be started本题考查非谓语动词的用法。根据本题考查非谓语动词的用法。根据last night
4、可知可知start已经发生，故排除已经发生，故排除C、D，不定式，不定式常表将来。常表将来。B.being done，一般表进行，也，一般表进行，也排除。现在分词作定语。排除。现在分词作定语。AA.A.与动名词作定语的区别与动名词作定语的区别B.B.与过去分词与过去分词,不定式不定式 作定语作定语的区别的区别动名词作定语表名词的作用或功能，现在动名词作定语表名词的作用或功能，现在分词作定语表名词正在进行的动作。分词作定语表名词正在进行的动作。现在分词现在分词动名词动名词a sleeping child一个正一个正在睡觉的孩子在睡觉的孩子a sleeping car一辆卧车一辆卧车a flyin
5、g bird一只正在一只正在飞翔的鸟飞翔的鸟a flying course飞行课程飞行课程a swimming girl一个一个正在游泳的女孩正在游泳的女孩a swimming pool一个游泳一个游泳池池与过去分词与过去分词,不定式不定式 作定语的区别作定语的区别过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾动宾关系，表完成关系，表完成。现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是修饰词是主谓关系主谓关系。不定式作定语表示不定式作定语表示将来将来要发生的动作。要发生的动作。the house being built/to be built/b
6、uilt正在被建正在被建/将要被建将要被建/建好了的房子建好了的房子 boiling water 正在沸腾的水正在沸腾的水 boiled water 开水开水 the changing world 变化中的世界变化中的世界 the changed world 变化了的世界变化了的世界 the developing countries 发展中国家发展中国家 the developed countries 发达国家发达国家 falling leaves 正在落下的叶子正在落下的叶子 fallen leaves 落叶落叶 rising sun 正在升起的太阳正在升起的太阳 risen sun 已经升
7、起的太阳已经升起的太阳 表语表语与过去分词作表语的区别与过去分词作表语的区别-ing形式表性质形式表性质-ed形式感受。形式感受。表示主语的特征表示主语的特征,状态等状态等,一般接在联一般接在联系动词后面，相当于系动词后面，相当于adj.adj.interesting使人感兴趣的 interested感兴趣的exciting令人激动的 excited感到激动的delighting令人高兴的 delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的 encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的 pleased
8、感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的 puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的 satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的 surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担心的 worried感到担心的This news sounds _.A.encouraging B.encouragedC.encourage D.to encourageA宾语补足语宾语补足语They think of businessmen hiding from their responsibilities for the environment.（现在分词（现在分词hiding做宾语补
9、足语，补充说做宾语补足语，补充说明宾语明宾语businessmen)We can see steam rising from the wet clothes.Can you hear her singing in the next room?Dont keep the students doing homework all day.如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：“一感二听三让五看一感二听三让五看”feel,hear,listen to,get,have,keep，see,watch,notice,observe,look at,leave,catch，find,Listen!Do you
10、 hear someone _ for help?（2010湖南）湖南）A.calling B.call C.to call D.called 解析：该空在句中为非谓语动词作宾补，解析：该空在句中为非谓语动词作宾补，根据根据 someone与与call的主动关系排除的主动关系排除D项。项。hear后接不定式作宾补时应省略后接不定式作宾补时应省略to，由，由此排除此排除C项。由项。由Listen可判断此处表示正可判断此处表示正在求救，故选在求救，故选A项。项。高考真高考真题题现在分词现在分词功功 能能定语定语表语表语宾语补足语宾语补足语状语状语1.There was a terrible noi
11、se _the sudden burst of light.A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed2.It was so cold that they kept the fire _all night.A.to burn B.burn C.burning D.burnedMultiple choice:3.He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket into a passenger.A.put B.to be putting C.to put
12、D.putting4.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.A.smoke B.smoking B.C.to smoke D.smokedExercise A:Finish Part A on P29Keys:1.Having read2.shocking 3.relaxing 4.tiring 5.interesting 6.livingExercise B:Finish Part B on P29Keys:1.exciting 2.walking 3.falling 4.following5.mov
13、ing 6.keeping现在分词现在分词功功 能能定语定语表语表语宾语补足语宾语补足语状语Revision1.Seeing the teacher entering the room,the students stood up.2.Being a student,he was interested in sports.3.Having written the letter,John went to the post office.状语现在分词作状语时，注意如下三点：1.相当于相应的从句,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等，2.分词的逻辑主语就是全句的主语3.现在分词作状语时有不同的时态与语态时间状
14、语 When the mouse saw the cat,it ran off.=Seeing the cat,the mouse ran off.After he had written the letter,he went to the office.=Having written the letter,he went to the post office.原因状语Because he knew that there was a dog outside,the little boy didnt open the door.=Knowing that there was a dog outs
15、ide,the little boy didnt open the door.Because she had plenty of money,she was able to go anywhere on holidays.=Having plenty of money,she was able to go anywhere on holidays.The couple went shopping.As a result,they left their eldest daughter alone at home.=The couple went shopping,leaving their el
16、dest daughter alone at home.The factory keeps releasing smoke.As a result,the air is made dirty.=The factory keeps releasing smoke,making the air dirty.结果状语 If we prepare fully,we can achieve great things.=Preparing fully,we can achieve great things.条件状语He sat in the chair when he was reading a news
17、paper.=He sat in the chair,reading a newspaper.They stood when they are talking to each other.=They stood,talking to each other.伴随状语 Although he lived miles away,he attended the course.=Although living miles away,he attended the course.让步状语 He earns a living by driving a truck.=He earns a living dri
18、ving a truck.方式状语He traveled on the plane like this,keeping the tortoise hidden in a blanket.(keeping的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致，都是he)_ through the park,beautiful flowers could be seen everywhere.A.Walking B.When I walkedC.Walk D.Walked主主 动动 被被 动动一一 般般writing being written完完 成成having written having been written 时
19、态和语态时态和语态完成主动式完成主动式1.Having finished her homework,shewent to bed.2.Having heard this,the woman astronautexpressed her satisfaction.分词所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用，不能做定语用。一般被动式表示正在发生的被动动作,在句中作定语或状语。The car being repaired is mine.The car which is being repaired is mine.Being repaired,the car
20、cant be used.As/Because it is being repaired,the car cant be used.完成被动式：表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动动作，在句中多作状语，不能作定语。Having been praised a second time,Idecided to make still greater progress.Having been asked to stay,I couldntvery well leave.非谓语动词的否定式均为not+非谓语动词 现在分词的否定形式 not+现在分词（完成的否定式not 放在having之前）Not knowing
21、 how to dye the silk red,hewent to her for help.Not having heard from her son for along time,the mother worried a great deal.Dina,for months to find a job as a waitress,finally took a position at a local advertising agency.（2010湖南）湖南）A.struggling B.struggled C.having struggled D.to struggle解析：逻辑主语解析
22、：逻辑主语Dina与与struggle为主动关系，为主动关系，故排除故排除B项。由剧中的项。由剧中的finally可知非谓语动可知非谓语动词表示的动作发生在句中谓语词表示的动作发生在句中谓语took a position之前，故用现在分词的完成主动式。之前，故用现在分词的完成主动式。答案选答案选C。高考真高考真题题一些独立结构：1.Generally _(speak),we have learnt a lot in this school.2._(judge)from his appearance,he is somebody.3._(tell)you the truth,your work
23、is terrible.speakingJudgingTo tell1._ in the queue for half an hour,Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A.To wait B.Have waited C.Having waited D.To have waited2.I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _.A.going on B.goes on C.went on D.to go on 3.The storm left,_a lot of
24、damage to this area.A.caused B.to have caused C.to cause D.having caused4.“You cant catch me!”Janet shouted,_away.A.run B.running C.to run D.ran5.He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket into a passenger.A.put B.to be putting C.to put D.putting6.A cook will be immediately fired i
25、f he is found _ in the kitchen.A.smoke B.smoking B.C.to smoke D.smoked7.Whenever he was asked why he was late for class,he would answer carelessly,always _ the same thing.A.saying B.saidC.to say D.having saidA8.My cousin came to see me from the country,_ me a full basket of fresh fruits.A.bought B.bringing C.to bring D.had broughtB1.Hearing the news2.Waiting for the bus3.Not finishing his homework4.Listening to music5.Causing a lot of damage6.Walking straight down this road7.Not knowing what to do8.Turning to her
