1、邹老师语态表示句子的主语和谓语动作之间的关系,分为主动语态和被动语态两类。1）当句子的主语是谓语动作的执行者时，主、谓之间的关系称为主动语态；2）当句子的主语是谓语动作的承受者时，主、谓之间的关系称为被动语态。例如：I teach English.（主动语态）Our English is taught by him.（被动语态）He speaks English.（主动语态）English is spoken in many countries all over the world.（被动语态）He plants trees in spring.主谓宾(受动者)Treesare planted
2、 byhimin spring.Tom will clean the room tomorrow.Tom will clean the room tomorrow.主主谓谓宾宾(受动者受动者)The room will be cleanedby Tom tomorrow.时 态 主 动 被 动一般现在时do/doesam/is/are done一般过去时didwas/were done 一般将来时will/shall dowill/shall be doneam/is/are going to doam/is/are going to be doneam/is/are to doam/is/a
3、re to be doneam/is/are about to do不用被动语态现在进行时am/is/are doingam/is/are being done过去进行时was/were doingwas/were being done将来进行时will/shall be doing不用被动语态现在完成时have/has donehave/has been done过去完成时had donehad been done将来完成时will/shall have donewill/shall have been done 过去将来时would/should dowould/should be don
4、ewas/were going to dowas/were going to be donewas/were to dowas/were to be donewas/were about to do不用被动语态现在完成进行have/has been doing不用被动语态过去完成进行had been doing不用被动语态English is spoken in many countries all over the world.（一般现在时）Some TV sets for sale in the department store were stolen last night.（一般过去时）
5、The project is being carried out.（现在进行时）The case was being investigated then.（过去进行时）This novel has been translated into several languages.（现在完成时）They said that production costs had been reduced.（过去完成时）She sent me a novel on my birthday.(She sent me a novel on my birthday.(主动主动)I was sent a novel on
6、my birthday.(I was sent a novel on my birthday.(被动被动)A novel was sent to me on my birthday.(A novel was sent to me on my birthday.(被动被动)My brother bought me a watch yesterday.(My brother bought me a watch yesterday.(主动主动)I was bought a watch yesterday.(I was bought a watch yesterday.(被动被动)A watch wa
7、s bought for me by my brother yesterday.(A watch was bought for me by my brother yesterday.(被动被动)由由toto引出间接宾语的动词有：引出间接宾语的动词有：give,show,pass,lend,take,tellgive,show,pass,lend,take,tell等等 由由forfor引出间接宾语的动词有：引出间接宾语的动词有：buy,make,cook,get,sing,readbuy,make,cook,get,sing,read等。等。The story made us laugh.(宾
8、语补足语)We were made to laugh by the story.(主语补足语)They asked me to help them.(宾语补足语)I was asked to help them.(主语补足语)We saw them coming over.(宾语补足语)They were seen coming over.(主语补足语)带情态动词的被动结构的固定句式为情态动词+be+过去分词。也有个别带to的情态动词例外，如：ought to和have to，它们的被动结构就只能在不定式中。The debt must be paid off before next month
9、.The debt has to be paid off before next month.Oil can be turned into energy by burning it.You ought to be criticized for your carelessness.如：He made us clean the classroom after school._ I saw him come into the room._ They must take good care of the children._ 1 1系动词系动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,a
10、ppear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,become,look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,become,fall,get,grow,keep+fall,get,grow,keep+形容词形容词/名词构成系表结构。名词构成系表结构。如：如：The steel feels cold.The steel feels cold.His plan proved(to be)practical.His plan proved(to be)practical.It has gone bad.It has g
11、one bad.2 2表示开始、结束、运动的动词。如表示开始、结束、运动的动词。如begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run,move end,shut,run,move 等。等。如：如：Work began at 7 oclock this morning.Work began at 7 oclock this morning.The shop closes at 6 p.m.every day.The shop closes at 6 p.m.every day.3 3
12、表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。如如read,write,act,start,begin,close,read,write,act,start,begin,close,burn,cut,draw,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,shut,eat,burn,cut,draw,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,shut,eat,。这类动词一般不单独使用，常用一个修饰语。这类动词一般不单独使用，常用一个修饰语。如：如：Nylon cleans easily.Nylon c
13、leans easily.尼龙容易洗干净。尼龙容易洗干净。The door wont lock.The door wont lock.这门锁不上。这门锁不上。Your speech reads well.Your speech reads well.你的演说讲得好。你的演说讲得好。Your pen writes smoothly.Your pen writes smoothly.你的笔好写。你的笔好写。The recorder wont play.The recorder wont play.这录音机不转。这录音机不转。The engine wont start.The engine wont
14、 start.引擎发动不起来。引擎发动不起来。The cloth washes well.The cloth washes well.这布很耐洗。这布很耐洗。4 4少数含有持续状态的动词，如少数含有持续状态的动词，如print,cook,fry,hang,build,makeprint,cook,fry,hang,build,make习惯用于习惯用于进行时表示被动含义。进行时表示被动含义。如：如：The books are printing.The books are printing.这本书正在排印中。这本书正在排印中。The neat is cooking.The neat is cook
15、ing.肉在煮。肉在煮。5.want,deserve,need,require,5.want,deserve,need,require,及及worthworth等词后面的主动语态表被动意义。在等词后面的主动语态表被动意义。在这些动词后（这些动词后（worthworth除外），既可以接动名词又可接不定式，接动名词要求除外），既可以接动名词又可接不定式，接动名词要求用主动语态表示被动意义，接不定式要用被动结构。用主动语态表示被动意义，接不定式要用被动结构。如：如：The children require looking afterThe children require looking after
16、 =The children require to be looked after =The children require to be looked after6.6.当不定式与它修饰的词之间有动宾关系，并且与句子的主语在意思上有主当不定式与它修饰的词之间有动宾关系，并且与句子的主语在意思上有主谓关系时，虽然表示的意思为被动，但却用主动形式。谓关系时，虽然表示的意思为被动，但却用主动形式。如：如：We have many problems to solve.We have many problems to solve.被动形式表主动含义的几种情况：被动形式表主动含义的几种情况：be sea
17、ted be seated 坐着坐着 be hidden be hidden 躲藏躲藏 be dressed be dressed 穿着穿着 be pleased be pleased 高兴高兴be be occupied(in)occupied(in)忙于忙于be graduated(from)be graduated(from)毕业（于）毕业（于）be prepared(for)be prepared(for)准备准备 get married get married 结婚结婚 It is believed/said/reported/hoped/supposed/rumored that人
18、们相信/据说/据报道/人们希望/人们认为/据传言It must be pointed out that.必须指出.It is generally considered that.一般认为.It is well known that.大家都知道.It must be admitted that.必须承认.例如：It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner.It is rumored that he has been appointed as successor to the president of our company.1
19、.Our house_,A.is getting paintB.is getting painted C.is got painted D.has got to paint 2.He arrived in Beijing,where he_his friend.A.was met byB.was metC.was meetingD.met by 3.The war_in 1937.A.was broken out B.had been broken out C.has broken out D.broke out 4.The mistakes in the exercises will_the
20、 teacher.A.crossB.be crossingC.be crossed byD.cross by 5.My brother and I have _her birthday party.A.been invitedB.been invited forC.invited toD.been invited to 6.It_this way.A.is had to doB.is had to be doneC.had to be doneD.has to do 7.It_this way.A used to doB.used to be doneC.is used to doD.is u
21、sed to doing 8._Chaplin.A.The childs name was calledB.The childs name calls C.The child callsD.The child is named 9.The sports meeting_.A.is put offB.is to put offC.is to be put offD.puts off 10.Mary realized she_ A.was making fun of B.was made fun C.was being made fun ofD.was being made fun 改写句子1.W
22、e plant trees in spring every year._ by us in spring every year.2.She posted the letter yesterday._ by her yesterday.3.Mr Turner gave me a birthday present._a birthday present by Mr Turner.4.He is drawing a picture._ by him.5.You may hand in your homework tomorrow._ by you tomorrow.6.She is going to write a letter._ by her.1 B 2 A 3 D 4 C 5 D 6 C 7 B 8 D 9 A 10 C
