1、unit-12研究生英语读与写(第三版)-Outline Background information to Text AAnalysis of the textGlobal analysis of the textSummary of the textReference answers to the exercisesBackground information to Text A 1)Introduction to the author Philip J.Lazarus:President-Elect of the National Association of School Psycho
2、logists.Dr.Lazarus has served as the Director of the School Psychology Training Program at Florida International University for 30 years and his primary responsibility has been to train school psychologists.Introduction to the topicBackground information to Text A1)Introduction to the author Philip
3、J.Lazarus:Dr.Lazarus has been interviewed by many news sources and has appeared on numerous radio talk shows dealing with such topics as depression in children,anxiety in children and adolescents,responding to natural disasters,coping with trauma following school shootings,school violence and so on.
4、Introduction to the topic1)Introduction to the author Shane R.Jimerson:an Associate Professor of Counseling,Clinical,and School Psychology Program and Associate Professor of Child and Adolescent Development at the University of California,Santa Barbara.Background information to Text AIntroduction to
5、 the topic1)Introduction to the authorBackground information to Text AIntroduction to the topic Shane R.Jimerson:He serves as the Editor of The California School Psychologist journal,Associate Editor of the School Psychology Review journal,and is on the editorial boards of the Journal of School Psyc
6、hology and School Psychology Quarterly.1)Introduction to the author Stephen E.Brock:a Professor and the School Psychology Program Coordinator at California State University,Sacramento(CSUS).A Nationally Certified School Psychologists(NCSP)and Licensed Educational Psychologist(LEP),Dr.Brock worked fo
7、r 18 years as a school psychologist with the Lodi Unified School District(the last 6 of which included assignment as Lead Psychologist)before joining the CSUS faculty.Background information to Text AIntroduction to the topic1)Introduction to the author Stephen E.Brock:As a school psychologist he hel
8、ped to develop the districts school crisis response protocol,served on an autism specialty team,and specialized in functional behavioral assessment.Dr.Brocks academic work has included study of school-based crisis intervention;system level school crisis response;suicide prevention and intervention;A
9、DHD;functional behavioral assessment;violence prevention;threat assessment;reading;and autism.Background information to Text AIntroduction to the topic Introduction to the topic Natural disasters that are often unpredictable can devastate communities.At the same time,they may also lead to serious em
10、otional distress to people,particularly to children.After a natural disaster,victims can expect to recover over time,especially with support from families,friends,agencies and organizations.Children need time to recover from losses of family members,friends,homes,and schools.Background information t
11、o Text A2)Related background information During this period,children,particularly younger children,will look to caregivers for love and support.Additionally it is important that parents and teachers provide information,comfort and reassurances.This passage will give us some principles for coping wit
12、h such challenges.And it is adapted from Lazarus,P.J.,&Jimerson,S.R.,Brock,S.E.(2002).Natural Disasters.In S.E.Brock,P.J.Lazarus,&S.R.Jimerson(Eds.),Best Practices in School Crisis Prevention and Intervention.Introduction to the topicBackground information to Text A2)Related background information 2
13、)Related background information post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD):Cases of PTSD were first seen during the First World War when soldiers developed shell shock as a result of the harrowing conditions in the trenches.But the condition wasnt officially recognized as a mental health condition until 1
14、980,when it was included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,which was developed by the American Psychiatric Association.Background information to Text AIntroduction to the topicNatural Disasters:Natural Disasters:Global analysis of the text The authors show us some importan
15、t issues related to specific natural disasters such as the aspects and characteristics of those natural disasters and childrens potential emotional reactions.Moreover the authors illustrate childrens typical reactions following a natural disaster at different ages.In the end,some coping strategies a
16、re given as instructions for families and teachers.p Often an entire community is impacted,further undermining a childs sense of security and normalcy.(Para.1)Analysis of the textpMeaning:The entire community is destroyed by a natural disaster,which further impacts a childs sense of security and nor
17、mal life.pIn this sentence,“normalcy”means normal life.These factors present a variety of unique issues and coping challenges,including issues associated with specific types of natural disasters,and coping techniques.(Para.1)Analysis of the textpMeaning:These factors show all kinds of unique issues
18、and problems to be dealt with,including some issues related with specific types of natural disasters,the need to move to a new place when home and/or community have been destroyed,the role of the family which may lessen the trauma or make it worse,emotional reactions and some strategies for coping w
19、ith those issues.These factors present a variety of unique issues and coping challenges,including issues associated with specific types of natural disasters,and coping techniques.(Para.1)Analysis of the textpexacerbate:to make a problem or situation worsepExample:The drugs they gave her only exacerb
20、ated the pain instead of relieving the pain.3)Among a few children subsequent storms may trigger panic reactions.(Para.4)Analysis of the textpMeaning:Among some children,the following storms may generate panic reactions.ptrigger:to cause(an event or situation)to happen or existpExample:Violent movie
21、s may trigger juvenile delinquency.Text structure analysisThe text falls into four parts Part I(Paragraph 1-9)Issues related to different types of natural disasters.Part II(Paragraph 10-11)Childrens possible symptoms following a natural disaster.Part III(Paragraph 12-13)Some instructions for teacher
22、s or school staff.Part IV(Paragraphs 14-17)Some instructions for parents.Reference answers to the exercises Text A1.1)C 2)C 3)A 4)D 5)B 6)D 7)B 8)A 9)C 10)B3.1)F 2)F3)F 4)T 5)F 6)T 7)T 8)T 9)F 10)F4.1)severity 2)evacuate 3)devastation 4)exacerbate 5)impairment 6)capricious 7)recede 8)aftermath 9)rav
23、age 10)desolation5.1)B 2)C 3)A 4)D 5)C Reference answers to the exercises6.Writing ExerciseA.Translation from Chinese to Englishp The impact of a natural disaster goes far beyond physical injury;a wide range of negative emotions are involved as well.Just as it takes much time to clear the rubble,it
24、takes time to recover your emotional equilibrium and rebuild your life.Reference answers to the exercisespHere are several specific tips to help you cope with the emotional aftermath of the traumatic event.1.Minimize your media exposure to the disaster.2.Lessen your stress and talk to reliable relat
25、ives and friends,or turn to specialists for help.Reference answers to the exercises3.If recommended by a doctor,take anti-anxiety drugs or sleep medication when you feel nervous,worried or have insomnia.4.Dont isolate yourself.pTry your best to keep in touch with friends,relatives,neighbors,and coll
26、eagues and talk with them about what you are feeling.Reference answers to the exercisesB.Topic writingSampleIn the aftermath of a natural disaster,the mental recovery of victims should be a vital component.Experts indicate that the reactions after a natural disaster may be divided into two categorie
27、s:acute stress reaction and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD).Reference answers to the exercisesB.Topic writingSampleAcute stress reaction appears within a week or a month.Patients have a distorted perception of time and environment.Even sounds,smells,images and physical contact may generate fear
28、 and anxiety.PTSD appears in six months.Common symptoms include:fatigue,insomnia,nightmares,poor concentration,and irritation.Besides,some patients may experience survivor guilt.Reference answers to the exercisesB.Topic writingSampleMore importantly,children are more vulnerable to negative reactions
29、 than adults.Generally children feel frightened,nervous and experience survivor guilt.Moreover,they have sleep disturbances and some physical symptoms,such as headaches,dizziness,and diarrhea.They may show regression in behavior,for example,thumb sucking,bedwetting,and clinging to parents.Some child
30、ren may be more aggressive and irritable.Reference answers to the exercisesB.Topic writingSampleSo how can we offer mental protection for those children?First,communication is important.They should be encouraged to talk more and allowed to cry as a way-out.Second,dont criticize naive behavior and ma
31、ke sure to explain what they dont understand as well as possible.Last,avoid the impact on them of adults reactions.Admittedly,the positive attitudes and confidence of adults can help children feel safe.Reference answers to the exercisesText B1.1)C 2)C 3)C 4)A 5)C3.1)F 2)T 3)F 4)T 5)T4.1)close to home 2)evacuated 3)vulnerable 4)marshal 5)compromise 6)averted 7)reckless 8)delude 9)stabilize 10)impoverishedQuestions are welcome!Thank you!
