1、人教版八年级英语下册课件Unit-10Grammar-Focus Read the following sentences.How long have you had that bike over there?Ive had it for three years.How long has his son owned the train and railway set?Hes owned it since his famous birthday.Have you ever played football?Yes,I did when I was little,but I havent playe
2、d for a while now.2 现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始、一直现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始、一直持续到现在，多与持续到现在，多与“since+点时间点时间”或或“for+段时间段时间”连连用。用。for表示表示“经过经过(一段时间一段时间)”，而，而since表示表示“自从自从(以来以来)”。常见结构如下：常见结构如下：现在完成时现在完成时-since 和和 for 的用法的用法3for+表示一段时间的状语表示一段时间的状语 一段时间一段时间+agosince+表示过去的某一时间点表示过去的某一时间点 从句从句来看几个例句吧：来看几个例句吧：He has
3、 lived here for 16 years.他住在这里有十六年了。他住在这里有十六年了。He has lived here since 16 years ago.他从十六年前起就住在这里了。他从十六年前起就住在这里了。He has lived here since 1991.他从他从1991年起就住在这里了。年起就住在这里了。He has lived here since he was born.他从出生起就住在这里。他从出生起就住在这里。4在对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时，我们在对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时，我们常用常用how longHow long have you play
4、ed basketball?How long have you been collecting shells?-How long has Mary been a teacher?-Since two years ago.5 介词介词 for 短语表示一个时间段，指某个动作或情况到短语表示一个时间段，指某个动作或情况到现在为止已持续了多久；现在为止已持续了多久；since 作为介词，接一个时间作为介词，接一个时间名词；作为连词，引导一个时间状语从句名词；作为连词，引导一个时间状语从句(从句动词一从句动词一般是短暂性动词般是短暂性动词)。since 表示表示“自自以来以来”，指某个动，指某个动作或
5、情况从过去某一点时间一直持续到现在，因此，作或情况从过去某一点时间一直持续到现在，因此，与与 for 或或 since 引出的时间状语连用的句子引出的时间状语连用的句子(或主语或主语)谓谓语动词必须是语动词必须是延续性延续性的。的。6 英语中有些动词的意义不能延续，表示的是一瞬间就英语中有些动词的意义不能延续，表示的是一瞬间就结束的动作，这些动词被称为结束的动作，这些动词被称为非延续性非延续性动词或动词或短暂性短暂性动动词，常见的如词，常见的如 come,leave,go,lose,see,begin,start,arrive,become,die,buy,borrow,close,join,
6、reach,fall,get up 等。这类动词可以用于完成时态，但在肯定句中等。这类动词可以用于完成时态，但在肯定句中不能与表示动作延续的时间状语不能与表示动作延续的时间状语 for 或或 since 短语连用。短语连用。如：如：正正:He has come back.他已回来。他已回来。误误:He has come back for three days.7 若要表示若要表示“他回来已三天了他回来已三天了”这样的意思，可以这样的意思，可以将动词改为将动词改为延续性动词延续性动词，或改变时间状语，或改用，或改变时间状语，或改用别的句型等，如译为：别的句型等，如译为：He has been b
7、ack for three days.(改变谓语动词改变谓语动词)He has been back since three days ago.(改变谓语动词改变谓语动词)He came back three days ago.(改变时间状语及动词时态改变时间状语及动词时态)Its three days since he came back.(改变句型改变句型)8 come,go,begin,start,become,join,end,die,buy,arrive,reach,borrow,lend,get to know等这等这些短暂性动词如果要谈论一个动作发生在过去某些短暂性动词如果要谈论一
8、个动作发生在过去某个时间点，我们可以使用个时间点，我们可以使用ago或一般过去时。如：或一般过去时。如：9Kitty has left Beijing for two days.Kitty left Beijing two days ago.Kitty has been away from Beijing for two days.Kitty has bought her purse since last year.Kitty bought her purse a year ago.Kitty has had her purse for a year.x xx x10 在表示持续一段时间的句子
9、中，应将在表示持续一段时间的句子中，应将短暂性动词短暂性动词转化为相同意义的转化为相同意义的延续性动词延续性动词或状态动词。或状态动词。初中英语中常见的有：初中英语中常见的有：短暂性动词短暂性动词延续性动词延续性动词go,leave,movearrive,come,reachjoin,becomebuy,get(得到得到)be away(off),be out of be here,be in+某地某地be in,be a(an)+n.have11fall ill(asleep)finish,endbegin,startbegin to learn(work,read,rain)go outg
10、et upborrowget to knowdielosebe ill(asleep)be overbe onlearn,work,read,rainbe outbe upkeepknow be deadbe lost短暂性动词短暂性动词延续性动词延续性动词12 非延续性非延续性动词用于完成时态，在肯定句中不能与动词用于完成时态，在肯定句中不能与for 或或 since引出的短语引出的短语(或句子或句子)连用，但在否定句中是可以的，连用，但在否定句中是可以的，因为一个因为一个非延续性动词非延续性动词一旦被否定即成为状态，而状态一旦被否定即成为状态，而状态总是可以延续的。如：总是可以延续的。如：
11、I havent seen him for a long time.我很久没见到他了。我很久没见到他了。He hasnt come here for some time.他有段时间没来了。他有段时间没来了。I havent heard from her since she left.自她离开以后，我一直没收到她的来信。自她离开以后，我一直没收到她的来信。13Rewrite the sentences using for or since.1.Jim is in Japan.He arrived there three days ago.2.They are very hungry.Their
12、last meal was ten hours ago.3.I have a camera.I bought it in 2009.Jim has been in Japan for three days.They have not eaten for ten hours.I have had a camera since 2009.4.I know Ann.I first met her three years ago.5.Linda is ill.She became ill on Monday.I have known Anna for three years.Linda has bee
13、n ill since Monday.14Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.1.I _(never be)to the water park before.I want to _(go)next month before the weather gets too cold.2.They _(never own)any pets,but they _(always want)to have a dog.have never beengohave never ownedhave always wan
14、ted153.We _(have)a piano since last November.We _(buy)it from the Li family when they moved to the US last year.4.Cathy and Amy _(not be)back to their hometown for two years.They _(miss)their hometown a lot and hope to visit the place next year.have hadhave not been/havent beenboughtmiss5.This museu
15、m _(be)here for over 20 years.It _ (be)one of the oldest buildings in this small town.has beenis161.Do you have a(n)_?How long have you had it?2.Do you own a(n)_?How long have you owned it?ThingsHow longTonyfavorite bookbasketballfor two years since he was 10 years oldStudent 1Student 2Fill in the q
16、uestions and ask two students.Then complete the chart.17一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1We _(not see)each other since I _(leave)the university.2The hospital _(be)here for 10 years.It _(be)the tallest building in our city.3She _(never be)to the amusement park since two years ago.Her parents _(ta
17、ke)her there next week.4I dont want to give away my football shirts although I _ (not play)for a while now.5I _(never visit)the Great Wall before.I want _(visit)it one day.havent seenlefthas beenishas never beenwill takehavent playedhave never visitedto visit186.The old man _(live)here since 1992.7.
18、_ you _(visit)our factory yet?8.I _(not see)you for a long time.You _(change)a lot.9.Im afraid I _(keep)you waiting for a long time.10.He _(know)the city since he was very young.has livedHavevisitedhavent seenhave changedhave kepthas known19()1.I _ Mr.Smith since he moved to Shanghai.A.didnt hear fr
19、om B.dont hear from C.wont hear from D.havent heard fromD()2.Not only Jam but also his parents _ a few interesting places since they came to China.A.will visit B.has visited C.have visited D.visited C二二.单项选择单项选择20()3.Excuse me,where is Mr.Browns office?Sorry,I dont know.I _ here for only a few days.
20、A.work B.worked C.have worked D.will workC()4.My grandmother _ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here.Asees B.can see C.will see D.has seenD21()5.I _ many new friends since I came here.A.make B.made C.will make D.have madeD()6.My aunt is a writer.She _ more than ten books since 1980.A.write
21、s B.wrote C.has written D.will writeC22()7.Some boys in our class _ the football club for a year.They are crazy about playing football now.（2017哈哈尔滨）尔滨）A.joined B.have joined C.have been in ()8._is it from your house to the bookstore?Its about fifteen minutes walk.（2017哈尔滨）哈尔滨）A.How long B.How far C
22、.How often CB23()9.My mother _ a good example for me since I was young.（2016陕西）陕西）A.was B.has been C.will be D.isB()10.Uncle Liang _ in Haikou since 1980,so he knows a lot about the city.（2016海南）海南）A.is living B.has lived C.livedB24()11.William Shakespeare _ for 400 years,but his works still have gr
23、eat influence today.（2016山东青岛）山东青岛）A.died B.was dying C.has died D.has been deadD()12.-What a nice watch!How long _ you _it?-For just two weeks.（2016天津）天津）A.will,buy B.have,had C.were,having D.did,buyB25()13.Premier Zhou Enlai _ for many years,he still lives in the hearts of Chinese people.（2015安顺）安
24、顺）A.died B.was died C.has been died D.has been deadD()14.I _ scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old.（2015杭州）杭州）A.will be B.was C.have been D.would beC26()15.Do you know Diaoyu Island?Sure.It _ China since ancient times.【2014湖湖北咸宁北咸宁】A.belongs to B.belonged to C.has belonge
25、d to D.is belonging toC()16.He _ in this factory for 20 years already.【2014北京北京】A.will work B.works C.has worked D.is working C27三、按要求完成下列句子。三、按要求完成下列句子。1Her parents came to China five years ago.(改为同义句改为同义句)Her parents _ China _ five years.2My father left home the day before yesterday.(用用for two day
26、s改写句改写句子子)My father _home for two days.3Susan bought the umbrella the day before yesterday.(改为同义句改为同义句)Susan _ the umbrella _two days ago.have been inforhas been away fromhas hadsince284.They have been here since 2000.(对划线部分提问对划线部分提问)_ have they been here?5.The old man _ last year.He _ for a year.(d
27、ie)（动词填空）（动词填空）6.This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换同义句转换)This factory _ for twenty years.How long diedhas been dead has been open 294.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6.Its five years _ we met last time.四四.选用选用 for和和 since填空填空:1.W
28、e havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.forsinceforsinceforsince30 五五.用用for或或since完成下列句子。完成下列句子。1.Jill is in Ireland now.She arrived there three days ago.She has been there for three days.2.Jack is here.He arrived h
29、ere on Tuesday.He has _.3.I know Sue.I first met Sue two years ago.Ive _.been here since Tuesdayknown Sue since two years ago./for two years4.I have a camera.I bought it in 1989._.5.Dave plays the piano.He started when he was seven years old._.I have had the camera since 1989Dave has played the piano since he was seven years old311.Do the other exercises.32
