1、让步状语从句让步状语从句 让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种。让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种。一般翻译为一般翻译为“尽管尽管,即即使使”,”,就是我们日常生活中用的就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说退一步说”。引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些：引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些：though,although,as,ever if,ever though,whetheror,no matter+疑问词，疑问词，疑问词疑问词+ever.1 although/though 引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句 although/though 都作都作“虽然，尽管虽然，尽管”解，解，通常可以互换，通
2、常可以互换，although 的语气较重。的语气较重。可使用可使用yet,still,或或nevertheless 来表示来表示“但是但是”，“依然依然”，“然而然而”之意，不能用之意，不能用but.Although they have been talking for a long time,he cannot make her believe him.2 even if/even though 引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句 1）even if 引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句 even if“即使，纵然即使，纵然”引导的从句表示的是尚未发生的动作或存在的情况。引导的从句表示的是
3、尚未发生的动作或存在的情况。Even if it rains tomorrow,we wont change our plan.Even if I failed again,I will not give up the experiment.2)Even though 引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句 even though“虽然，尽管虽然，尽管”引导的从句所表示的已经发生的动作或存在引导的从句所表示的已经发生的动作或存在的情况，通常可以和的情况，通常可以和although/though 换用换用。Even though I didnt understand a word,I kept s
4、miling.Even though you say so,I do not believe it.3 as 引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句 as as 引导让步状语从句时，引导让步状语从句时，意为意为“尽管，虽然尽管，虽然”，从句多位于主句之前，从句多位于主句之前，而且必须而且必须使用倒装语序。使用倒装语序。通常如果从句中有形容词或名词作表语，通常如果从句中有形容词或名词作表语，则把表语置于句首，而且句则把表语置于句首，而且句词前要省略冠词；如果从句中有修饰动词的副词，则将该副词置于句首；如果从句中有词前要省略冠词；如果从句中有修饰动词的副词，则将该副词置于句首；如果从句中有情态动词，
5、情态动词，则将情态动词后的动词原型置于句首。此用法与则将情态动词后的动词原型置于句首。此用法与though的倒装完全一致。的倒装完全一致。（although无此用法）无此用法）Much as I admire his courage,I dont think he acted wisely.Strong as you may be,you cannot lift it.Child as he is,he is very brave.4 while 引导的让步状语从句引导的让步状语从句 while“虽然，尽管虽然，尽管”，多用于正式文体，多用于正式文体，且多位于句首，且多位于句首，相当于相当于a
6、lthough/though.While I understand your point of view,I do not share it.While I sympathize,I really cant do very much to help.5 带有-ever和no matter的状语从句“疑问词+ever”可分为两类，“疑问代词+ever”:whatever/whichever/whoever/whomever和“疑问副词+ever”:wherever/whenever/however.不论是不论是“疑问代词疑问代词+ever”+ever”还是还是“疑问副词疑问副词+ever”,+e
7、ver”,其其意义都是意义都是“不管不管/无论无论+该疑问词的本义。该疑问词的本义。”1 1）“疑问代词疑问代词+ever”+ever”可引导两种类型的从句，可引导两种类型的从句，主要是让步状语从句和名词性从句主要是让步状语从句和名词性从句（如主语从句，宾语从句等）。（如主语从句，宾语从句等）。Whatever happened,he wouldnt say a word.=No matter what happened,he wouldnt say a word.Whoever says so,it is wrong.=No matter who says so,it is wrong.Wh
8、ichever dictionary you(may)take,you will have to pay at least 20 dollars.=No matter which dictionary you(may)take,you will have to take at least 20 dollars.Whoever smokes here will be punished.(主语从句）Beggars will eat whatever they are given.(宾语从句）Whichever he likes will be given to him.(主语从句）You may
9、invite whoever/whomever you like.(宾语从句）2）“疑问副词+ever”:wherever/whenever/however 一般只能引导一种类型的从句，即让步状语从句，此时它们分别等于“no matter+where/when/how.”Wherever he goes,I ll follow him.=No matter where he goes,I ll follow him.Whenever I visited him,he was always busy working.=No matter when I visited him,he was alw
10、ays busy working.However late he is,his mother will wait for him to have dinner together.=No matter how late he is,his mother will for him to have dinner together.I will give you however much money you need.6 whetheror引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句 由这个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两个方面的可能由这个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主
11、句的意向或结果。性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。Youll have to attend the ceremony whether youre free or busy.Whether you believe it or not,it s true.1 No matter _ you like to do,there is a way to get involved in various activities on Earth Day.2 Whatever stage of life youre at,wherever you go and _ project you do in GDA,you
12、ll create positive changes in a poor and remote community.3 _ your age or interests,Buxton has something to see or do to make your visit truly memorable.4“I figured _ lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am to my dogs.”says Ehlers.5 We learn that _ much we try to please,some people are
13、 never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.6 But _ it is,praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate to the amount of effort your child has put into it.7 _ she is in trouble,he is there for her.8 Every year,_ makes the most beautiful kit
14、e will win a prize in the Kite Festival.what whatever Whatever whoever however whatever Whenever whoever直击高考直击高考Look at the sentences and answer the questions.Sentences(a)and(c)are from the reading passage.1.What is the difference between the sentences in each group?2.What is the meaning of ever and
15、 no matter?Why does the author choose to use sentences(a)and(c)?3.What other words can be combined with-ever and no matter to form adverbial clauses?1.The difference between the sentences in each group is that sentences(a)and(c)are more emphatic.Sentences(b)and(d)state facts without any particular e
16、mphasis.3.Words combined with-ever:whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever,whenever,however.Words combined with no matter:no matter who,no matter whom,no matter what,no matter which,no matter when,no matter where,no matter whether,no matter if,no matter how,etc.2.-ever and no matter mean that something
17、is true or happens in all circumstances.The author uses sentences(a)and(c)to stress that animals cannot avoid towns and cities encroaching upon their habitats,and that the police had no power to arrest the thief,regardless of his crimes.Rewrite the underlined sentences using adverbial clauses with-e
18、ver and no matter.4.Wherever you go in the wild/No matter where you go in the wild,take a first aid kit with you.1.Whatever past experience you have had/No matter what past experience you have had,please read these survival tips carefully2.Whenever a wildfire breaks out/No matter when a wildfire bre
19、aks out,leave the area quickly but calmly.3.No matter how many people there are in your group/However many people there are in your group,dont split up.Read the story and complete the sentences using adverbil clauses with-ever and no matter.4.No matter what difficulties she might face/Whatever diffi
20、culties she might face,Jane is determined to help patients recover from this cancer.1.No matter how many times she was rushed to the ICU/However many times she was rushed to the ICU,Jane never gave up hope.2.Wherever she went/No matter where she went,Jane would invite people to donate tissue samples
21、 for research purposes.3.Jane is determined to live a fulfilling life no matter what the future holds/whatever the future holds.FacingListen to the conversation and choose the ideas NOT conveyed by the speakers.1.The story of Robinson Crusoe is a very sad survival story.2.It takes great patience for
22、 Robinson Crusoe to survive on the island.3.Robinson Crusoe is a clever and optimistic man.4.Robinson Crusoes words are good suggestions when we faced with a crisis.5.The most important reason for Robinson Crusoes survival is his calmness.Listen again and complete the diagram:1.lose his head 2.gets
23、necessary things 3.lives in a cave 4.builds a fence 5.makes a fire 6.out of wood 7.sewing animal skins together 8.knowledgeable9.widen and deepen his cave 10.ruined by a landslide/ruined by a fall of earth11.feel depressed 12.redoes the work,using wooden posts to make the cave stronger than before13
24、.looks more upon the bright side of his condition,and less upon the dark side14.positive attitude Complete the boxes with the expressions from the conversation.What do you think?Whats your take on this?The way I see it,Personally,I think/believeIm quite impressed What surprises me more is I cant agr
25、ee more.I think you are right.I think so,too.Thats true.1.What kinds of crises do you know people are facing in different parts of the world?2.What can we do when facing such crises?Doctors battle new disease Doctors are flying to an island off the coast of West Africa after an outbreak of a new dis
26、ease caused by a flu virus.They will be testing various medicines in a struggle to find a cure.1.What situations are mentioned in the headlines?2.How do people and organizations react to these crises?It tells of an outbreak of a new disease.Doctors are flying there and will be testing various medici
27、nes to find a cure.Europe Struggles with Heat WaveCountries in Southern Europe have issued warnings after temperatures rose to 40.They advise people to stay indoors and avoid exercise.Swimming pools and beaches are crowded with people trying to cool down.It reports a heat wave.Countries which are hi
28、t by a heat wave advise people to stay indoors and avoid exercise.Some people go to swimming pools and beaches to cool themselves down.Country Is Coping With Oil Shortage The president has announced emergency measures to limit fuel consumption.Meanwhile,scientists are working on energy-saving measur
29、es and new fuel sources to supplement oil supplies.It tells of an oil shortage.The president has announced measures to limit fuel consumption and scientists are finding new measures and fuel sources.Scientists act to eliminate introduced species from islandScientists are implementing a three-year pr
30、ogramme to kill all rats,cats and foxes that were accidentally introduced to King Island early in the 20th century and are now threatening the survival of local species.It reports the invasion of foreign species on an island.Scientists are carrying out a three-year programme to eliminate the introdu
31、ced species.Firefighters bring blaze under control local firefighters successfully prevented further spreading of a huge fire caused by high temperatures in the south-west yesterday,after battling for hours in fierce conditions.It tells of the spreading of a huge fire.Firefighters brought the huge fire under control after battling for hours.Read the advertisement and rewrite the underlined expressions with the correct form of words and expressions in Activity 9.1.battling 2.cope with 3.struggle with 4.eliminate 5.bring our problems under control
