1、应用文写作讲解应用文写作讲解1 备考建议备考建议最后两个月，进一步夯实基础，可背诵历年高考真题范文并默写，做到写对高考书面表达常见词汇和句型，文章中不出现低级错误。每周坚持练习写历年高考真题作文，防止手生，写完找同学互相批改或请老师批改。考场上制定合理的答题方案，完成书面表达要安排足够的时间，一般30分钟左右。下笔前，认真审题，弄清文章的主题、体裁、时态等，归纳出内容要点，列出提纲，打草稿，切勿匆匆下笔。写作文时，首段要点明主题，亮明观点；中间段要围绕主题展开描述，根据需要可用一至两段；结尾段一定要呼应首段，将主题升华；使用词汇、语法结构应该简洁、准确、恰当、通俗易懂，少用生僻词，不要为了所谓
2、的“高级表达”而牵强使用。对于冗长啰嗦的长句子可运用拆分省略法，使其简洁有力。2 “语语”众不同，避免人云亦云众不同，避免人云亦云写作时恰当得体地使用别人可能想不到的词汇或表达，会给阅卷老师耳目一新的感觉写作时恰当得体地使用别人可能想不到的词汇或表达，会给阅卷老师耳目一新的感觉。例例1在周末我们有很多作业。在周末我们有很多作业。普通表达：普通表达：At the weekend,we have a lot of homework to do.高级表达：高级表达：At the weekend,we have endless homework to do.例例2听到这个消息，我感到有点儿灰心。听到这
3、个消息，我感到有点儿灰心。普通表达：普通表达：Hearing the news,I felt a little discouraged.高级表达：高级表达：Hearing the news,I felt kind of discouraged.例例3他们帮助我们更好地了解科学学科并且唤起我们对科学发现的好奇心。他们帮助我们更好地了解科学学科并且唤起我们对科学发现的好奇心。They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our curiosity about scientific discoveries.例例4(2019北京卷
4、书面表达北京卷书面表达)Im very glad to know that youre coming to tour in China.Im more than delighted to know that youre coming to tour in China.3 例例55(2019(2019全国卷全国卷)I hope you can)I hope you can considerconsider my application and allow me to be a my application and allow me to be a volunteer.volunteer.I ho
5、pe you can I hope you can taketake my application my application into consideration into consideration and allow me to be a volunteer.and allow me to be a volunteer.例例66(2019(2019全国卷全国卷书面表达书面表达)So I can serve as a volunteer to show the visitors around)So I can serve as a volunteer to show the visito
6、rs around the gallery and I am the gallery and I am suresure that I that I am fit foram fit for the job.the job.So I can serve as a volunteer to show the visitors around the gallery and I am So I can serve as a volunteer to show the visitors around the gallery and I am convincedconvinced that I that
7、 I am qualified foram qualified for the job.the job.例例77(2019(2019全国卷全国卷书面表达书面表达)As a resultAs a result,enoughenough preparation is urgently needed,preparation is urgently needed,including practice,nutrition and a perfect plan.including practice,nutrition and a perfect plan.As a consequenceAs a cons
8、equence,adequateadequate preparation is urgently needed,including practice,preparation is urgently needed,including practice,nutrition and a perfect plan.nutrition and a perfect plan.例例88(2019(2019天津卷书面表达天津卷书面表达)I)I wantwant to make my voice heard.to make my voice heard.I I feel an urge feel an urge
9、 to make my voice heard.to make my voice heard.例例99Only when you do more reading and writing can you Only when you do more reading and writing can you succeed in succeed in improving your improving your English.English.Only when you do more reading and writing can you Only when you do more reading a
10、nd writing can you make itmake it in improving your in improving your English.English.4例10To our great joy,not only are our classes lively and appealing,but our school life is also rich and colorful.To our great joy,not only are our classes lively and attractive,but our school life is also rich and
11、colorful.例11(2018全国卷书面表达)Great changes have taken place in our school in the last few years.And the news came that a short film will be shown in our school.Our school has witnessed great changes in the last few years.And word came that a short film will be shown in our school.5 一一.评分细则评分细则：应用文写作评分：应
12、用文写作评分参考标准参考标准 各档次的给分范围和各档次的给分范围和要求要求 6 第五档第五档(13-15 分分)完全完成了试题规定的任完全完成了试题规定的任务。务。覆盖所有内容要点。覆盖所有内容要点。应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致;具具备较强的语言运用能力。备较强的语言运用能力。有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。文结构紧凑。完全达到了预期的写作目的完全达到了预期的写作目的。7 第四档第四档
13、(10-12 分分)完全完成了试题规定的任务。完全完成了试题规定的任务。虽漏掉虽漏掉 1、2 个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容。个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容。应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要主要应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。构紧凑。是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。凑。达到了预期的写作目的。达到了预期的写作
14、目的。8 第三档第三档(7-9 分分)基本完成了试题规定的任务。基本完成了试题规定的任务。虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容。虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容。应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。理解。应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。贯。整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。9 第二档第二档(4-6 分分)未恰当完成试题规定的任务。未恰当完成试题规定的任务。漏掉或未漏掉或未述清楚一些
15、主要内容，写了一些无述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容。关内容。语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。有一些语法有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。解。较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。信息未能清楚地传达给读者。信息未能清楚地传达给读者。10 第一档第一档(1-3 分分)未完成试题规定的任务。未完成试题规定的任务。明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是未理解试题要求。是未理解试题要求。语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。语
16、法结构单调、词汇项目有限。较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解。的理解。缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。信息未能传信息未能传达给读者达给读者11 0 未能传达给读者任何信息：未能传达给读者任何信息：内容太少，无法评判；内容太少，无法评判；写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。12 二二.实例分析实例分析 假定你是李华假定你是李华,上周日你校举办了上周日你校举办了5公里越公里越野赛跑活动。请你为校英文报写一篇报道野赛跑活动。请你为校英文报写一篇报道,内
17、容包括内容包括:1.参加人员参加人员:2.跑步路线跑步路线:从校门口到南山脚下从校门口到南山脚下:3.活动反响活动反响 注意注意:1.写作词数应为写作词数应为80左右左右:2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。13 第一步：分析第一步：分析 这是一篇应用文。本篇要求这是一篇应用文。本篇要求考生就上周日学校举行的考生就上周日学校举行的5公公里越野赛活动写一篇新闻报里越野赛活动写一篇新闻报道。道。14【详解】体裁【详解】体裁:应用文应用文 时态时态:根据提示，时态应以一般过去根据提示，时态应以一般过去时为主时为主 结构结构:总分总总分总 要求要求:1.参加人员参
18、加人员 2.跑步路线跑步路线 3.活动反响活动反响15第二步第二步:列提纲列提纲(重点词组重点词组)参加参加 目睹目睹 引起引起注意注意 设法；达成设法；达成 测量测量 高度评价；赞扬高度评价；赞扬 给给提供提供16第二步第二步:列提纲列提纲(重点词组重点词组)attend/witness/draw ones attention/manage to do sth./measure/speak highly of/provide sth.for sb.17第三步第三步:连词成句连词成句 1.Last Sunday witnessed an extraordinary cross-country
19、running race,which nearly drew the attention of every student and teacher of our school.2.The students selected from every class took part in the competition.18 3.The route measured five kilometers,from our school gate to the foot of Nanshan Mountain.4.Every runner tried their best to finish the tas
20、k,with their classmates along the way giving them necessary help as well as encouragement.19 5.At last,all the runners managed to arrive the finish line,receiving cheers from all the directions.6.The activity is highly spoken of,because not only does it provide chance for us to exercise,but also mak
21、es us more cohesive.20第四步第四步:连句成篇连句成篇(加入衔接词或从句加入衔接词或从句)表示并列的词表示并列的词:and/but/or/so 状语从句连词状语从句连词:because/if/though/although 定语从句连词定语从句连词:which/that/when/where21第五步第五步:修改润色修改润色(加入高级词汇或短语加入高级词汇或短语)【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了一些高分句型，例如文意思连贯，符合逻辑
22、关系。作者在范文中使用了一些高分句型，例如:Last Sunday witnessed an extraordinary cross-country running race,which nearly drew the attention of every student and teacher of our school.中中which引导引导非限制性定语从句；非限制性定语从句；The activity is highly thought of,because not only does it provide chance for us to exercise,but also makes
23、us more cohesive.中中使用了使用了部分倒装。部分倒装。22 A Cross-Country Running Race Last Sunday witnessed an extraordinary cross-country running race,which nearly drew the attention of every student and teacher of our school.The students selected from every class took part in the competition.The route measured five
24、kilometers,from our school gate to the foot of Nanshan Mountain.23 Every runner tried their best to finish the task,with their classmates along the way giving them necessarily help as well as encouragement.At last,all the runners managed to arrive the finish line,receiving cheers from all the directions.The activity was highly spoken of,because not only did it provide chance for us to exercise,but also made us more cohesive.24
