1、Past perfect Tense过去完成时过去完成时Jack learned English.He came to England.Jack had learned English before he came to England.现在过去过去的过去过去的过去过去完成时过去完成时 1 过去完成时的定义 2 过去完成时的结构 3 过去完成时的基本用法 4 常用的时间状语和标志词 5 过去完成时的判断依据 6 总结及相应练习题Past perfect Tense 过去完成时过去完成时一、概念一、概念 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完
2、成了的动作或状态，即过去的过去。图发生或完成了的动作或状态，即过去的过去。图示如下：示如下：过去的过去过去的过去 过去过去 现在现在time 二二、结构特点结构特点:1 过去完成时由过去完成时由“助动词助动词 hadhad【用于各种人称和数】【用于各种人称和数】+动词动词过去分词过去分词”构成。构成。2 肯定肯定/否定句：主语否定句：主语had/hadnt had/hadnt 动词过去动词过去 分词其它分词其它 3 3 一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Had Had 主语动词过去分词主语动词过去分词+其它？其它？(Yes,(Yes,主语主语had./No,had./No,主语主语hadnt.)hadn
3、t.)4 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词had had 主语动词过去分词主语动词过去分词其它？其它？5.被动语态形式：主语被动语态形式：主语+had+been+had+been+动词过去分词动词过去分词+其它其它 When I got there,the windows had been broken.三 基本用法 1 1 表示在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作表示在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作 或或状态状态 即即“过去的过去过去的过去”They had left before I came back.The film had already begun when I got t
4、here.2 2 常用在宾语从句中常用在宾语从句中:当宾语从句的主句为一般当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时要用过去完成时1)He told me that he had already finished his homework.2)She said that she had seen the film before.3 3 表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去过去某个时间或还要持续下去 When she came,I had wor
5、ked for 3 hours.He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for futher study.(在去英格兰深造前，他已学了在去英格兰深造前，他已学了八年英语）八年英语）过去的过去过去的过去 过去过去 现在现在四 常用的时间状语和标志词：1.主语主语+过去完成时过去完成时+主语主语+一般过去时一般过去时by the timebeforewhenby1)the bus had already gone，by the time she came to the bus stop.2)They had
6、left before I came back.3)The film had already begun when I got there.4)She had finished doing her homework by 10:00 this morning.2.主语+一般过去时+after after+主语+过去完成时 She heard her name called after he had waited for two hours.注意：注意：before,after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主
7、、本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：如：1 Before I was about to go up to my office,I decided to get a coffee first.2 After he closed the door,he left the classroom.1.We _(learn)two thousands 1.We _(learn)two thousands words by the time I went to Middle School.words by
8、 the time I went to Middle School.3.3.When we _(arrive)at the station,When we _(arrive)at the station,they _(wait)for more than twenty they _(wait)for more than twenty minutes.minutes.had learnedarrivedhad waited2.I _(know)2.I _(know)him when I was a him when I was a student.student.had known4.One o
9、f the men didnt move,because he 4.One of the men didnt move,because he _ (break)his legs._ (break)his legs.had broken5.By yesterday evening he _ that important letter.(write)6.I thought I _ the man before.(meet)7.By six oclock they _(work)for ten hours.8.I went to Nicks house,but he _(go)out.9.I _(not understand)the problem when class was over.had writtenhad writtenhad methad methad workedhad worked had gonehad gonehadnt understoodhadnt understoodSummary 1 根据时间来判断：有两个动作，都发生在过去。一个先发生，一个后发生。先发生用过完，后发生用过去。2 找标志词和常用的时间状语 3 过去完成时是一种相对时态，只有和过去作比较时才使用 4 了解构成和基本用法。
