1、高中英语 2019-2020学年上学期 高一英语单元同步梳理 （人教版）必修1 Unit 4 Earthquakes 复习目标闯关复习目标闯关 类别类别 课标解读课标解读 话题 功能 语法 1.Basic knowledge about earthquakes(关于地震的基本知识) 2.How to protect oneself and help others(在灾难中如何保 护好自己和帮助他人） 1.Talking about past experiences(叙述过去的经历） 2.Expressing thanks(表达感谢） The Attributive Clause(I)(that
2、,which,who,whose)定语从句 （1）（由that,which,who,whose引导) 重点词汇 重 点 词 汇 及 拓 展 掌 握 .根据汉语意思写出单词根据汉语意思写出单词 1.爆裂；爆发（爆裂；爆发（vi）_突然爆裂；爆发突然爆裂；爆发(n) 2. 事件；大事事件；大事(n)；_ 3 .废墟；毁灭废墟；毁灭(n) _毁灭；使破产(vt) 4.破坏；毁灭；消灭破坏；毁灭；消灭(vt) _ 5. （使）震惊；震动（使）震惊；震动(vt电学电学_(adj)用电的带用电的带 电的；发电的电的；发电的_ (adj)与电有关的；电学的与电有关的；电学的 20. _(vt) 使惊吓；吓唬
3、使惊吓；吓唬-_(adj)受惊吓；受惊吓； 受恐吓的受恐吓的-_(adj)令人恐惧的令人恐惧的 21._(vt)表示；表达（表示；表达（n）快车；速递）快车；速递- _ (n)-_(adj) electrical frighten frightening frightened electricity electrical express expression expressive 重 点 句 子 2. Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents. 3.All hope was not
4、 lost. 1. It seemed as if the world was at an end! 重点句型 【重点单词】【重点单词】 1. burst vi.(burst, burst)爆裂；爆发 n突然破裂；爆发 In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. 在市内，有些建筑物的水管爆裂开来。 核心词汇详解 【重点单词】【重点单词】 When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for whatever his family might
5、need, he burst_into_tears. 当我把礼品卡交给他说他可以用来买些家中所需的物品时，他突然流出了眼 泪。 Hearing this, the whole class burst_out_laughing and my deskmates face turned red. 听到这，全班同学大笑起来，我同桌的脸变红了。 Mary shut the door heavily and _burst_into_tears. No one in the office knew why she was so angry. Mary shut the door heavily and b
6、urst_out_crying. No one in the office knew why she was so angry. 玛丽重重地把门关上，哭了起来。办公室里没人知道她为什么那么生气 核心词汇详解 【答案】D 【解析】burst out后接v.-ing形式，every time 相当于连词引导 状语从句。故选D。 单项填空 Every time he thought of his past, he couldnt help bursting . A. when; out tears B. that; into crying C. which; into tears D. /; out
7、 crying 核心词汇详解 2. ruin nU毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；常用复数废墟；遗迹 vt.(使)毁 坏；毁灭；成为废墟；使破产 In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市就成为了一片废墟。 归纳拓展 (1)lie/be in ruins成为废墟 come/go/fall to ruin毁灭；灭亡；崩溃 bring.to ruin使毁灭；使没落；使破产 (2)ruin oneself毁掉自己，自取灭亡 ruin ones health/fame/future毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途 Then m
8、ake sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive. Dont let negativity ruin_your_motivation. 确保你周围的人是支持你的，不要让消极毁了你的动机。 Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being_brought_to_ruins,_the city took on a new look. 遭遇一次大地震并被沦为废墟之后不久，这座城市就呈现出一个新 面貌。 The whole city lay_in_ruins
9、after the earthquake, which made us lying awake all night. 地震之后，整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们躺着彻夜未眠。 用ruin, damage, destroy的正确形式填空 A。Thousands of houses were seriously _ by the storm, and the repair work would last half a month. bThe whole city was completely _ in the sudden flood, leaving nothing to the native p
10、eople. cThe constant rain in the north of China this summer has _ cash crops such as cotton and peppers. damaged destroyed ruined 3. injure vt.损害；伤害 Twothirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.(P26) 他们中有三分之二在地震中伤亡。 归纳拓展 (1)injuredadj. 受伤的 the injured受伤的人(集合概念) (2)injuryn. 伤；伤口；伤害 do
11、 sb. an injury/do an injury to sb.伤害某人 Luckily she was_not_badly_injured and was sent to the nearest hospital. 幸运的是她受伤不严重，我们把她送到了最近的医院。 What the newspaper reported did_a_great_injury_to her fame. 报纸上所报道的严重损害了她的名誉。 用injure, wound, hurt, harm的正确形式填空 aHe claimed that working too hard was _ his health.
12、bHe died of a single gunshot _ to the left side of his head. cWhat he said _ me deeply. dOne of the players _ his knee and had to be carried off. harming wound hurt injured 4. shock vt. is wearing B. Judging by; is having on C. To judge by; putting D. Judged by; is putting 【答案】A 【解析】judging from为固定搭
13、配，此处judging不与the old man形成逻 辑主动或被动关系。wear, have on, dress都有“穿，戴”的意思，但搭配和意义不 同。wear和have on都可以表示“穿着”的状态，然而have on没有进行时态；dress可 以作及物和不及物动词，作不及物动词时意为“穿衣”，作及物动词时宾语是人 6. rescue n. as it is B. to in place of; now C. to take the place of; as it was D. instead of; than that one We will go there on foot by b
14、us. What about you? A. instead B. instead of C. without D. but 【答案】A 【解析】 to replace为不定式作目的状语。as it is意为“现在 的样子”。 【答案】B 【解析】 instead of意为“用一种形式代替另一种形式”。C项 有一定干扰性，without意为“在没有的情况下”，因此不合题意。 4.the number of 意为“的数量、数目”，作主语时谓语动词用单数；a number of 意为“一些，很多”，相当于 many, 后接可数名词复数，当它作主语 时，谓语动词用复数。 The number of
15、competitors is limit. 参赛者的数量是有限的。 A number of problems have arisen. 已经出现了一些问题。 a large /great/good number of；a great/good many;a good few/quite a few+可数名词复数，意为“大量的”； a great/good deal; a great/ large amount of; quite a little+ 不可数名 词，意为“大量的”； a lot of/lots of; a great /large quantity of; large quant
16、ities of/ plenty of +可数名词复数/不可数名词均可，意为“大量的”。但是a great/large quantity of ., large quantities of .作主语时谓语动词与 quantity形式一致。 【即境活用】 单项填空 During the past two years, the number of automobile accidents in New York City decreased. A. have B. has C. was D. were 【答案】B 【解析】 the number of+复数名词，其主语是number，故谓语动词用单
17、 数，意为“的数量”。 1.In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不吃食。 “too + adj./adv.+动词不定式”结构简称为“too . to”结构，在大多数情况下表 示否定意义，通常可意为“太而不能;太无法”。 “too .to”结构表示否定的常见句型有： too +adj./adv. + to do，有时too后也可跟一个起形容词作用的过去分词。 核心句型详解 too . to/to be done形式。这是“too .to”结构中不定式为被动
18、式时的变体， 如果主语是不定式动作的承受者，不定式既可以用主动式，也可以用被动 式，此时用主动式虽然在形式上是主动的，但在意义上却是被动的。 too + adj. + a (an) + n.+ to + v./to be done形式。这个句型在too+ adj.后再 接一个带不定冠词的名词，不定冠词一定要放置于形容词后。与此同时， 只有当too后形容词修饰一个可数名词时，才可以在形容词与名词间加不定 冠词“a/an”。当句子主语能发出该不定式的动作时，可以用to + v.的主动式， 当主语是该不定式动作的承受者时，则用to be + v.-ed的被动式。 核心句型详解 温馨提示温馨提示 并不
19、是所有“too .to”结构的句子都表示否定意义，在下列情况下，“too .to” 结构可以表示肯定意义： “too .to”结构之前带有but, only, all, never, not时，是强调肯定的表示法， 意为“非常，十分，实在，真是太”等。 “too .to”结构中带有表示某种心情或描绘性的形容词或副词，如ready， eager, satisfied, kind, willing, easy, anxious等加动词不定式结合成一个不 可分割的状态、态度、倾向或心情等，并且其后的不定式不是说明too的具 体内容，而是修饰形容词，故不定式不再表示结果。 在“too .to”结构中，
20、不定式为否定式时，是构成的双重否定，其意为“非常/ 很/太/那么不会不/必定能/所以能”，也不表示否定意义。 核心句型详解 【即境活用】单项填空 He seems tired to do it. But I am only glad to do it. A. very; too B. extremely; too C.too; too D. very; very 【答案】C 【解析】第一空为too .to 太而不能，第二空前有only所以 too .to强调肯定，意为“非常、十分”。 as if=as though意为“仿佛，像，似乎”。通常用在be，look，seem，sound， tast
21、e，smell及feel等连系动词的后面。如果表示真实情况应该用陈述语气； 如果表示非真实情况则应该用虚拟语气, 其谓语动词的虚拟式与wish后面宾 语从句中谓语动词的虚拟式相同。引导方式状语从句时也要用虚拟语气。 注意：as if (though)后面除了跟句子外，还可以跟名词、动词不定式、形容 词(短语)、介词短语和分词。 另外，as if (though)还可以表达感叹语气，来对某项建议、假设和推测表示 不赞成、惊讶、不满和厌恶等。 How wild his white hair looked as if it had been electrified! 他的白发十分凌 乱，好像触了电似
22、的。(虚拟语气) She seems as if she is going to cry. 她似乎要哭了。 2. It seemed as if the world was at an end! 仿佛到了世界末日！ (陈述事实) As if anyone would believe that story！ 好像有人竟会相信那样的事！ As if we were all stupid and he alone clever！ 哼，就仿佛我们都是傻瓜，只有他一个人聪明似的。 He raised his hand as if to take off his hat. 他举起他的手，好像要取下帽子。
23、He behaved as if nothing had happened. 他表现的好像什么也没发生。 【即境活用】 单项填空 Will you go to the exhibition tomorrow? Yes, I will go it，s windy. A. as if B. even though C. as soon as D. as though 【答案】B 【解析】 even though相当于even if，引导让步状语从句， 意为“即使”；as if（though）引导方式状语从句；as soon as引导时间 状语从句。 3.All hope was not lost.
24、 不是所有的希望都破灭了。 all, both, each, every, everyone, everything, always, whole, wholly, entirely, altogether等具有总括意义的词后跟否定词not连用时，一 般都表示部分否定，其中all, both, each, every无论在not之前还是 之后，都表示部分否定。 但如果句子中出现下列单词或短语则该句为全部否定：none of+n./pron.; neither+n./pron.; no+n.; nothing；nobody；neither； never；nowhere；neither . nor
25、等。 。 【典例】 All that glitters is not gold. 发光的不一定都是金子。 Not all body languages mean the same thing in different countries. 并非所有的肢体语言在不同的国家里都有相同的意思。 Each machine here is not produced in our plant. 这里的机器不全是我们厂生产的。 【即境活用】 单项填空 We couldnt eat in a restaurant because of us had money on us. A. all; no B. any; no C. none; any D. no one; any 【答案】C 【解析】考查全部否定。句意为：因为我们大家身上都没带钱，所以不能 在饭店里吃饭。 THANKS “ ”
