1、中考模拟演练阅读理解B篇练习(1)Researchers have studied left-handedness for at least 150 years.However,what makes a person become left-handed remains unknown,although there are many theories about it.A recent UK study of unborn babies found that handedness might develop before their births.About nine out of ten u
2、nborn babies preferred to put their right hand into their mouths.Another finding is that mothers who are over 40 at the time of a childs birth are 128%more likely to have a left-handed baby than a woman in her twenties.Since about 90%people are right-handed,left-handed people do go through some diff
3、iculties.As our writing runs from left to right,it is hard for a left-handed person to write without smudging(模糊)the ink.Whats more,most tools such as scissors and kitchen knives are designed for use with the right hand.It can be dangerous if they are operated with the left hand.In the past,left-han
4、ded children were forced to use their right hand.Luckily,now fewer people have a bias against left-handers.Left-handed children are no longer looked down upon in school.Some shops sell products for left-handers,such as left-handed guitars and even a left-handed computer mouse.Since 1976,there has be
5、en an unusual day for left-handers.International Left-Handers Day is celebrated on August 13th every year.It draws peoples attention to the challenges left-handers face in a world full of right-handers.More and more people have realized left-handedness is nothing strange.Some of the most famous left
6、 handed people include Mark Twain,Winston Churchill,Barack Obama and Bill Gates.()1.A baby may develop left-handedness when _.A.nine out of ten babies do soB.his mum is in her twenties at his birth C.his mum gives birth to him at an older ageD.he puts his right hand into his mouth oftenC()2.One prob
7、lem for left-handed people is that _.A.their handwriting is awfulB.people think they are dangerousC.kitchen knives are too big for their left handsD.many things are made only for right-handersD()3.The underlined word“bias”means _ in Chinese in this passage.A.态度 B.偏见 C.恐惧 D.偏好B()4.From the passage,we
8、 know that left-handed children _ in the past.A.lived a comfortable life B.were not considered normalC.were very popular at school D.could use products for left-handersB()5.The best title of this passage is _.A.International Left-Handers Day B.Challenges for Left-handersC.Left-handedness,Nothing Str
9、ange D.Reasons for Left-handednessC练习(2)Your house may have an effect on the shape of your body.Experts say the way you design(设计)your home could play a role in whether you put on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to chan
10、ge your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains(窗帘)and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating,for people are often less awkward(尴尬的)when theyre in poorly lit placesand so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesnt have enough window light,get
11、 more lights and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors make us eat more.In one study,people who ate meals in a blue room consumed(消化)33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing ,while cold colors
12、make us feel less hungry.So when its time to repaint,go blue.Dont forget the clockor the radio.People who eat slowly seem to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里)per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin paying attention to the time,and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And whi
13、le youre at it,actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down,turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate
14、.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one,total intake(摄取量)jumps by 14 percent.And well pour about 30 percent more liquid(液体)into a short,wide glass than a tall,skinny(极瘦的)glass.()1.The passage is especially helpful for those who care about _.A.house buying B.their body shape C.healthy diets
15、D.their home comforts()2.A home environment in blue can help people _.A.take in food better B.burn more caloriesC.reduce food intake D.feel less awkwardBC()3.The underlined word“appetizing”probably means _ in the passage.A.精致的 B.恶心的 C.饱腹的 D.开胃的()4.People are advised to _ at mealtimes.A.eat quickly B
16、.play fast musicC.use smaller spoons D.turn down the lightsDC()5.The best title for the passage is _.A.Ways of Serving Dinner B.Is Your House Making You Fat?C.Effects of Self-awareness D.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?B练习(3)Animals can move from place to place，but plants cannot.When an animal is
17、under attack，it can run away or fight back.Plants certainly cannot run away，and they have no teeth or claws(爪子).But plants can protect themselves in both physical and chemical ways.Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away.For example，the leaves of the holly(冬青)have sharp prickles(刺)that
18、discourage grass-eating animals.Holly leaves on lower places have more prickles than leaves on upper places.This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.Some plants，such as the oak trees(橡树)，have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat.Some grasses may co
19、ntain a sandy material，and eating such grasses wears down the animals teeth.Many plants also have chemical defenses.Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter(苦)or cause an unpleasant reaction.Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals.When a worm bi
20、tes a tobacco leaf(烟叶)，the leaf produces a chemical smell.Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses.A certain plant in China，for instance，has prickly leaves，and each prickle has poisonous water(毒液).Only one experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it
21、in the future.()1.A plant _ when it is under attack.A.can protect itself B.can run away C.can fight back D.must dieA()2.According to the passage,the leaves of the holly have sharp prickles because _.A.they are beautiful to watchB.they stop people from pickingC.they stop grass-eating animalsD.they ar
22、e lowerC()3.An oak tree can protect itself because _.A.it has leaves with sharp prickles B.it has leaves with a sandy materialC.it has thick and hard leaves D.its leaves taste bitterC()4.What does the underlined word“sandy”mean in Chinese?A.含盐的 B.坏掉的 C.含沙的 D.腐烂的C()5.The main idea of this passage is
23、_.A.holly has its own ways to keep animals awayB.some plants leaves can protect themC.several ways to protect plantsD.plants can protect themselves in their own waysD练习(4)A caterpillar(毛毛虫)that eats plastic bags could hold the key to solving plastic pollution，scientists say.Researchers at Cambridge
24、University have discovered that the caterpillar which eats beeswax(蜂蜡)，can also degrade(降解)plastic.Experiments show the insect can break down the chemical bonds(键)of plastic in a similar way to absorbing beeswax.Each year，about 80 million tons of the plastic are produced around the world.The plastic
25、 is used to make shopping bags，food packaging，one-off raincoat and other things，but it can take hundreds of years to degrade completely.However，caterpillars can make holes in a plastic bag in under an hour.“The caterpillar will be the starting point.We need to understand the details under which this
26、 process operates.We hope to provide the technical solution to cutting down the problem of plastic waste,”the scientist said.And the scientists who discovered it want to speed up the process of discovering the chemical secrets behind the natural degradation of plastic.They think something in the cat
27、erpillaras well as the insect itselfmight play a role in breaking down plastic.If the chemical process can be found out，it could lead to a solution to managing plastic waste in the environment.“We are planning to use this finding in a practical way to get rid of plastic waste，working towards a solut
28、ion to saving our oceans and rivers,”said the scientist.“However，we should not feel good to dump plastic on purpose in our environment just because we now know how to degrade it.”()1.Scientists think the caterpillar hold the key to solving plastic pollution because _.A.it is fed on beeswax B.it can
29、be done experimentsC.it can degrade plastic D.it makes no waste()2.Plastic is used for _.A.making shopping bags B.food packagingC.one-off raincoats D.all of the aboveCD()3.The key point of the solution is that _.A.the caterpillar is a key point of the researchB.the chemical process which degrades th
30、e plasticC.the caterpillar plays a key role in breaking down plasticD.how to speed up the discovering of the chemical secretsD()4.The underlined word“dump”means _ in Chinese.A.购买 B.售卖 C.扔掉 D.降解C()5.What is the best title of this passage?A.How caterpillars degrade plasticB.Scientists are working towa
31、rds plastic degradationC.Scientists have found the chemical processD.Caterpillars may help to solve plastic pollutionD练习(5)What is the worst disease in the world?Many people might say it is cancer(癌症).Cancer will kill about 9.6 million people in the world this year,according to the World Health Orga
32、nization.Scientists have been working to find ways to beat cancer.A lot of progress has been made in this field.James P Allison from the US and Japanese researcher Tasuku Honjo discovered a new kind of cancer treatment that earned them the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in October.The ne
33、w treatment can make our immune systems(免疫系统)strong enough to effectively fight cancer cells.It is hoped that this treatment can be used to treat most cancers in the future.This is not the only recent improvement in cancer treatment.In November,the US Food and Drug Administration approved a new canc
34、er drug called Vitrakvi.Instead of being effective only for treating specific types of cancer,this drug can be used to treat 17 different kinds of cancer,including lung cancer and breast(乳腺)cancer,USA Today reported.Finding cancer as early as possible is the best way to beat it.To check people for c
35、ancer,doctors must collect tissue(组织)from a patients tumor(肿瘤)and test it.This process can take a long time.But in December,scientists from the University of Queensland in Australia developed a simple cancer test that can detect(检测)cancer in a patients blood.The test takes less than 10 minutes.The t
36、est is about 90 percent accurate ,the Guardian reported.With all of these treatments,cancer can be effectively controlled.Honjo believes most kinds of cancer will become treatable by 2050.“Even if we cannot completely eliminate(消除)the tumor,we can survive while still having part of a tumor,”Honjo sa
37、id at a press conference in Stockholm,Sweden,in December.()1._ won the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.A.James P Allison B.Tasuku HonjoC.Vitrakvi D.James P Allison and Tasuku HonjoD()2.Which of the following is TRUE about the new cancer treatment?A.It was discovered in October,2018.B.It c
38、an be used to treat all the cancers in the future.C.It is the only recent improvement in cancer treatment.D.It can make our immune systems strong enough to effectively fight cancer cells.D()3.The underlined word“accurate”probably means _ in Chinese.A.有风险的 B.准确的 C.错误的 D.有误差的B()4.According to the pass
39、age,the best way to beat cancer is to _.A.find it as early as possible B.eliminate the tumor completelyC.detect it in the patients blood D.discover a new treatmentA()5.The passage is mainly about _.A.the great progress made to beat cancer B.a new cancer treatmentC.the best way to beat cancer D.two f
40、amous scientistsA练习(6)For us humans,one of the greatest experiences is to taste all kinds of delicious food.But for penguins,they cannot get a taste of this happiness.Thats because penguins cant actually taste the delicious flavors(味道)of their favorite foodfish!Scientists from the University of Mich
41、igan examined the genome(基因组)of five species of penguins.They found that no one can taste umami(鲜味),the flavor of meat or fish,the BBC reported.Many animals have five basic tastes:sweet,sour,salty,bitter and umami.But according to genetic data,penguins are believed to have only sour and salty tastes
42、.These findings are surprising and puzzling.And scientists dont have a good explanation for them.But they have a few ideas.First,one of the umami genes doesnt work in cold temperatures.“Its about zero degrees when they eat cold fish,”Zhang Jianzhi,the lead scientist,told the Daily Mail,so even if th
43、e penguins had a functional(功能的)gene,it might not work when they needed it.Second,penguins tongues(舌头)are very special which may have something to do with their lack of taste.Instead of being covered with taste buds which help to taste food,penguins tongues are very spiky .This is better for them to
44、 hold slippery(滑的)fish than tasting them.One study even showed that some types of penguins dont even have taste buds(味蕾).However,penguins seem to be managing just fine.“Their behavior of swallowing food whole,and their tongue structure and function,suggest that penguins need no taste perception,”sai
45、d Zhang.()1.How many tastes do penguins have?A.Four.B.Three.C.Two.D.Five.()2.From the passage,we can learn that _.A.temperatures can decide the umami genes of penguinsB.the umami genes in penguins would work when neededC.penguins umami genes work well in cold temperaturesD.penguins tongues are very
46、slipperyCA()3.The underlined word“spiky”means _ in the passage.A.圆滑的 B.美味的 C.钉子似的 D.软绵绵的C()4.All of the following decide that penguins need no taste perception EXCEPT _.A.they always swallow food whole B.they live in cold temperaturesC.their tongue function is different D.their tongue structure is s
47、pecialB()5.The study finds that _.A.different penguins have their own favorite fishB.penguins have different genomes for the five tastesC.penguins dont have any of the five basic tastesD.penguins cant taste the flavor of fishD练习(7)Artificial intelligence(人工智能),or AI in short,is the science of giving
48、 computers and machines ability to think and work like humans.AI scientists and engineers have made a lot of cool technologies.AI is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces.As a result,facial recognition(识别)is used a lot in the world.Chinese police use this technology to identify cr
49、iminals(罪犯).Once they caught a criminal when he attended a concert.It also checks the ID of ride-hailing(网约车)drivers and lets people pay for things with a smile.AI is also used in self-driving cars,which are believed to be the future of driving.Most drivers may wave or nod at passers-by to let them
50、cross the street,but self-driving cars dont have this ability.Car makers are testing a light signal system to help them“speak”to humans.The system can show what self-driving cars will do.For example,if a driverless car is yielding(让路),it will flash two white lights side to side.A rapidly flashing li
