1、Unit 1Where did you go on vacation?人教版八年级英语上册Section A Grammar Focus-3c Objectivesu To practice the usage of anyone,someone,everyone,no one,anything,something,everything and nothingu To learn new words:most,something,nothing,everyone,myself,yourself,hen,pig,seem,bored,someone,diaryWhere did you go o
2、n your vacation?Did you go to the zoo?Were there any?What else did you do?Lets talk!Words and expressionssomethingnothing everyoneof coursemyselfyourself pron.某事；某物某事；某物pron.没有什么；没有一件东西没有什么；没有一件东西pron.每人；人人；所有人每人；人人；所有人当然；自然当然；自然pron.我自己；我本人我自己；我本人pron.你自己；您自己你自己；您自己henpigseemboredsomeonediary n.母鸡母
3、鸡n.猪猪v.好像；似乎；看来好像；似乎；看来adj.厌倦的；烦闷的厌倦的；烦闷的pron.某人某人n.日记；记事薄日记；记事薄Where did you go on vacation?I went to New York City.Did you go out with anyone?No,no one was here.Everyone was on vacation.Did you buy anything special?Yes,I bought something for my father.How was the food?No,I bought nothing.Did every
4、one have a good time?Oh,yes.Everything was excellent.Grammar FocusThe simple past tense一般过去时一般过去时1.定义定义:1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语常和表示过去的时间状语(如如yesterday,last night,in 1990,two days ago.)连用；连用；2)也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和表示频度的也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和表示频度的时间状语时间状语(如如often,always)连用。连用。一般
5、过去时一般过去时有哪些时间状语可以用来描述过去？有哪些时间状语可以用来描述过去？一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用。一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用。a）时间状语）时间状语 ago（two hours ago（一段时间（一段时间+ago）yesterday（句子开头或结尾）（句子开头或结尾）the day before yesterday last week,last(year,night,month)具体时间（如具体时间（如Jan.fourth)just nowat the age ofone daylong agoonce upon a time（很久以前）（很久以前）a
6、nd so onthis morninglong long ago SentencesI did my homework yesterday.I played soccer last Sunday.I cleaned my room last week.I went to the beach three years ago.I played tennis with my friends last weekend.I went to the movies three days ago.注：注：“过去过去”的概念并不是只指如的概念并不是只指如“yesterday,last week,”等，实际上等
7、，实际上“与现在对立的过去与现在对立的过去”，亦即，亦即“非非现在的以前现在的以前”，哪怕是，哪怕是“过了说话时间的几分钟之前过了说话时间的几分钟之前”，只要所要表达的时间与说话时的只要所要表达的时间与说话时的“现在现在”形成对立，就形成对立，就必须使用一般过去时来表达。在谈到已死去的人的情况必须使用一般过去时来表达。在谈到已死去的人的情况时，多用过去时。时，多用过去时。e.g.He was here only a few minutes ago.仅仅几分钟前他还在这里。仅仅几分钟前他还在这里。I came home just now.我刚回到家。我刚回到家。I got up very ear
8、ly this morning.今天早晨我起床很早。今天早晨我起床很早。He was late for school again today.今天他又迟到了。今天他又迟到了。a）动词变化规则）动词变化规则规则变化规则变化:1.直接加直接加ed：work worked looklooked playplayed 2.以以e结尾的单词，直接加结尾的单词，直接加d：live lived hopehoped useused3.以辅音字母以辅音字母+y结尾的，变结尾的，变y为为i加加ed：study studied carrycarried worryworried 4.以元音字母以元音字母+y结尾的，
9、直接加结尾的，直接加ed：enjoy enjoyed playplayed 5.以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字 母母+ed：stop stopped planplanned 规则动词过去式词尾规则动词过去式词尾-ed的读音的读音读音规则读音规则读读 音音例例 词词在浊辅音和元音后在浊辅音和元音后面面/d/moved/mu:vd/在浊辅音和元音后在浊辅音和元音后面面/t/passed/pa:st/在清辅音后面在清辅音后面/id/needed/ni:did/am,iswas areweregowent dodidhavehad comecametaketo
10、ok saysaideatate seesawgetgot putputsleepslept givegavewritewrote readreadb）动词不规则变化）动词不规则变化/red/buybought sitsat runran swim swam makemade feelfelt hearheard growgrew telltold knowknew findfoundbeginbegan bring broughtstandstood spendspentcatchcaught teachtaught动词不规则变化动词不规则变化u基本结构：基本结构：ube动词的过去动词的过去
11、式：式：PresentPastamwasiswasarewere单数单数复数复数I was we wereyou were(一個人一個人)you were (不只一人不只一人)she was they werehe wasit was肯定句：主语肯定句：主语+was(were)+其它其它.e.g.I was late yesterday.昨天我迟到了。昨天我迟到了。否定句：主语否定句：主语+was(were)+not+其它其它.e.g.We werent late yesterday.我们昨天没迟到。我们昨天没迟到。Be 动词的一般过去时态构成：动词的一般过去时态构成：疑问句：疑问句：Was(
12、Were)+主语主语+其它其它?e.g.Were you ill yesterday?你昨天病了吗？你昨天病了吗？肯定回答：肯定回答：Yes,I was.是的，我病了。是的，我病了。否定句：否定句：No,I wasnt.不，我没病。不，我没病。特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+was(were)+主语主语+其它其它?e.g.When were you born?你是什么时候出生的？你是什么时候出生的？A:How your vacation,Lin?B:It pretty good.A:How the beaches?B:They great.A:How the weather?B:
13、It hot and wet.A:How the people?B:They unfriendly.A:How the stores?B:They expensive.waswaswerewerewaswaswerewerewerewereBe am/is(was)are(were)Be Be 填空填空肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用助动词使用助动词do和和 does 的过去式的过去式 did。肯定句：主语肯定句：主语+动词过去式动词过去式+其它其它.e.g.I went home at nine oclock yesterday.我昨天
14、九点钟回的家。我昨天九点钟回的家。否定句：主语否定句：主语+didnt+动词原形动词原形+其它其它.e.g.I didnt go home yesterday.我昨天没回家。我昨天没回家。实义动词的一般过去时态实义动词的一般过去时态 疑问句：疑问句：Did+主语主语+动词原形动词原形+其它其它.e.g.Did you go home yesterday?你昨天回家了吗？你昨天回家了吗？肯定回答：肯定回答：Yes,I did.是的，我回了。是的，我回了。否定回答：否定回答：No,I didnt.不，我没回家。不，我没回家。一般过去式的构成形式一般过去式的构成形式肯定式肯定式疑问式疑问式否定式否定
15、式I workedDid I workI did not workHe/She/It workedDid he/she/it workHe/She/It did not workWe workedDid we workWe did not workYou workedDid you workYou did not workThey workedDid they workThey did not work动词一般过去时，表示过去发生的事；动词一般过去时，表示过去发生的事；bebe用用waswas或用或用were,have,haswere,have,has变变hadhad；谓语动词过去式，过去时间
16、作标志；谓语动词过去式，过去时间作标志；一般动词加一般动词加-ed-ed，若是特殊得硬记。，若是特殊得硬记。否定句很简单，主语之后否定句很简单，主语之后didntdidnt添；添；疑问句也不难，疑问句也不难，diddid放在主语前；放在主语前；如果谓语之前有如果谓语之前有diddid，谓语动词需还原；，谓语动词需还原；动词若是动词若是was,were,was,were,否定就把否定就把notnot添。添。易记歌谣易记歌谣Last summer,I _to the beach with my parents.My vacation _pretty good.I _there by bus _my
17、 bus trip_ relaxing.The beach _very beautiful.It _sunny.I _ beach volleyball and _swimming.The people _friendly and the food was _.I _my vacation very much and I _to go there again.wentwaswentandwaswaswasweredeliciousenjoyedhopeplayedwentWrite about your vacation and give a report.复合不定代词是由复合不定代词是由so
18、me-，any-，no-，every-加上加上-one，-body，-thing等所组成的不定代词。复合不等所组成的不定代词。复合不定代词包括定代词包括something,somebody,someone,anything,anybody,anyone,nothing,nobody,none,everything,everybody,everyone等十二个。这些复合代词具有等十二个。这些复合代词具有名词性质，在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但名词性质，在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。不能用作定语。1.复合不定代词的构成复合不定代词的构成2.复合不定代词用法复合不定代词用法(1)由
19、由some与与one,thing,body构成的不定代词主要构成的不定代词主要用于肯定句；由用于肯定句；由any与与one,thing,body构成的不定构成的不定代词主要用于否定或疑问句。如：代词主要用于否定或疑问句。如：There is something wrong with my bike.我的自行车出毛病了。我的自行车出毛病了。I cant see anyone in the classroom.在教室里我没看见任何人。在教室里我没看见任何人。(2)修饰不定代词修饰不定代词something,anyone等的词要放在等的词要放在不定代词的后面。如：不定代词的后面。如：Did you
20、meet anyone interesting?你遇见有趣的人了吗？你遇见有趣的人了吗？(3)这些不定代词作主语时看作单数，谓语动词用这些不定代词作主语时看作单数，谓语动词用单数形式。如：单数形式。如：Everyone was on vacation.所有的人都在度假。所有的人都在度假。【注意注意】not.anywhere=nowhere.意为意为“任何地方都没有任何地方都没有”。如：如：Mom couldnt find her ID card anywhere.=Mom could find her ID card nowhere.妈妈到处找不到她的身份证。妈妈到处找不到她的身份证。【口诀口
21、诀】复合代词美名扬，修饰成分后边藏。复合代词美名扬，修饰成分后边藏。如果它来当主语，谓语动词用单数。如果它来当主语，谓语动词用单数。Linda:Did you do_ fun on your vacation,Alice?Alice:Yes,I did.I went to Sanya.Linda:How did you like it?Alice:Well,it was my first time there,so_ was really interesting.Fill in the blanks with the words in the box and practice the conv
22、ersation.anythingeverything3aanyone something anything everything nothingLinda:Did you go with_?Alice:Yes,I did.I went with my sister.Linda:Did you go shopping?Alice:Of course!I bought_ for my parents,but _for myself.Linda:Why didnt you buy_ for yourself?Alice:I didnt really see _I liked.anyonesomet
23、hingnothinganythinganythingDear Bill,How was your vacation?Did you do _ interesting?Did_ in the family go with you?I went to a friends farm in the countryside with my family._was great.anything everything nothing everyone no oneFill in the blanks in the e-mail message with the words in the box.anyth
24、ingeveryoneEverything3bWe fed some hens and saw some baby pigs.They were so cute!The only problem was that there was _ much to do in the evening but read.Still _ seemed to be bored.Bye for now!Marknothingno oneDid youEveryone Someone(write the classmatesname)No oneeat anything at a restaurant?read a
25、nything interesting?visit anyone in your family?buy anything?keep a diary?Ask your group questions about their lastvacation.Then tell the class your results.In our group,everyone ate something at a restaurant.3cDid you buy anything special?在英语中，在英语中，anything,something,nothing,everything是用是用于指代事物的复合不
26、定代词，与之相对应的复合不于指代事物的复合不定代词，与之相对应的复合不定代词定代词anyone,someone,no one和和everyone(anybody,somebody,nobody和和everybody)用于指人。用于指人。与形容词连用时，与形容词连用时，形容词形容词必须置于复合不定代词之后，语法上称作必须置于复合不定代词之后，语法上称作“后置后置”。e.g.I can see someone new in your class.我看见你们班里有新人。我看见你们班里有新人。Theres nothing interesting in the newspaper today.今天的报纸
27、里没有什么有趣的内容。今天的报纸里没有什么有趣的内容。2)something,someone与与some一样常用于肯定句，而一样常用于肯定句，而anything,anyone与与any一一 样常用于否定句和疑问句。样常用于否定句和疑问句。不过，在表示请求、建议或征求意见的疑问句中常用不过，在表示请求、建议或征求意见的疑问句中常用some或或something。在表达在表达“任何任何”这一含义时肯定句中常用这一含义时肯定句中常用any或或anything。课时重点回顾课时重点回顾anyone,someone,everyone,no one,anything,something,everythin
28、g 及及 nothing 的用法的用法 Review1.get 2.say 3.have 4.be5.tell 6.think 7.write 8.drive 9.run 10.read I.I.写出下列单词的过去式。写出下列单词的过去式。gotsaidhadwas,weretoldthoughtwrotedroveranread11.see 12.stand 13.put 14.eat 15.buy 16.drink 17.sleep e 19.play 20.study 21.listen sawstoodputateboughtdranksleptcameplayedstudiedlis
29、tenedII.II.用所给动词的适当形式填空。用所给动词的适当形式填空。We _(live)in Japan last year.We _(live)in Japan last year.Jack_(stop)the car last Sunday.Jack_(stop)the car last Sunday.Tom _(clean)his room and _(study)Tom _(clean)his room and _(study)for the Chinese test last weekend.for the Chinese test last weekend.4.What _
30、you _(do)last night?4.What _ you _(do)last night?5.On Sunday morning I _ (play)tennis.5.On Sunday morning I _ (play)tennis.livedstoppedcleanedstudieddiddoplayedIII.III.句型转换。句型转换。Lucy did her homework at home.Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句）（改否定句）2.He found some meat in the fridge(2.He found some
31、 meat in the fridge(冰箱冰箱).).（变一般疑问句（变一般疑问句)3.She stayed there for a week.3.She stayed there for a week.（画线部分提问）（画线部分提问）Lucy didnt do her homework at home.Did he find any meat in the fridge?How long did she stay there?4.She went to the beach last Sunday.(变一般疑问句变一般疑问句)5.They stayed at home on vacation
32、.(就画线部分提问就画线部分提问)Did she go to the beach last Sunday?Where did they stay on vacation?6.The weather was hot and humid.(变否定句变否定句)7.Nancy went to the cinema last night.(改为同义句改为同义句)8.The people in New York were friendly.(就画线部分提问就画线部分提问)The weather wasnt hot or humid.Nancy went to see a film last night.H
33、ow were the people in New York?四、汉译英。四、汉译英。1.最近每个人都很忙。最近每个人都很忙。2.你假期做什么有趣的事了吗？你假期做什么有趣的事了吗？是的。是的。我去北京了。我去北京了。Everyone is very busy these days.Did you do anything fun on your vacation?Yes,I did.I went to Beijing.3.你假期过得怎么样？你假期过得怎么样？How was your vacation?4.晚上没有什么事可做，只好看书。晚上没有什么事可做，只好看书。There was nothing much to do in the evening but reading.5.我给我父母买了一些礼物，却没给自己买。我给我父母买了一些礼物，却没给自己买。I bought some gifts for my parents,but nothing for myself.1.Write about your vacation in your exercise book.2.Preview the next part.伴你成长伴你成长
