1、.知识体系图解 重点词汇 1.adj.珍稀的;宝贵的2.n.结婚;婚姻3.n.大部分;大多数4.vi.&vt.抱怨;发牢骚5.vt.回答;回复vi.做出反应;回应6.n.反应;回答;回复7.vt.聘任;雇用;租用n.租借;租用8.vt.拒绝接受;不录用preciousmarriagemajoritycomplainrespondresponsehirereject9.n.拒绝接受;否决10.vt.任命;委派11.vt.选举;推选12.n.选举;推选;当选13.n.十年;十年期14.adv.在别处;去别处15.vt.照顾;照料vi.倾向;趋于16.vt.发表(作品);出版rejectionapp
2、ointelectelectiondecadeelsewheretendpublish17.n.节省物;节省;节约;pl.储蓄金;存款18.n.道德原则;法则;原则19.adj.被动的;顺从的20.adj.害怕的;对感到惊慌或恐惧的21.vt.惊吓;使害怕vi.受惊吓22.adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的;锋利的;明显的23.adj.精力充沛的;充满活力的24.vt.接替;取代;更换savingprinciplepassivescaredscaresharpenergeticreplace25.illustratevt.26.entrustvt.27.tuitionn.28.feen.29.un
3、ionn.30.scholarshipn.31.physiciann.32.colleaguen.33.clinicn.34.farawayadj.35.staffn.36.retirevi.&vt.37.kindergartenn.38.insurancen.(举例)说明;阐明;给(书或文章)加插图委托;交付(小组)教学;讲课专业服务费;报酬协会;联合会;工会奖学金医师;(尤指)内科医生同事;同僚诊所;门诊部遥远的员工;全体职员退休;退职;退出学前班;幼儿园保险;保险业重点短语 plainabout4.tendtodosth5.wouldratherdo6.graduatefrom7.inn
4、eedof8.playakeyrolein9.holdanimportantposition10.beresponsiblefor11.treat.as.12.showinterestin帮助某人渡过难关大部分抱怨易于做某事;往往会发生某事宁愿做从毕业需要在起关键作用担任重要的职位对负责把看作是对表现出兴趣重点词汇1.ThesewordsofDrLinQiaozhigiveusalookintotheheartofthisamazingwoman,andwhatcarriedherthroughalifeofhardchoices.林巧稚这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界,并了解是什
5、么支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。【词汇精讲】carrysbthroughsth是固定搭配,意为“帮助某人渡过难关”。Itwasyourhelpthatcarriedmethroughthehardtimes.正是你的帮助使我度过了艰难时刻。【词汇拓展】NoImageHehadlearnedenoughGermantocarryonaconversation.他已学了足够的德语来进行会话。Nomatterwhatwedo,wemustcarryoutourduties.无论干什么工作,我们都应履行自己的职责。NoImage2.Atage18,insteadoffollowingthetradit
6、ionalpathofmarriagelikethemajorityofgirls,shechosetostudymedicine.18岁时,她没有像大多数女孩那样走传统的婚姻道路,而是选择了学医。【词汇精讲】majority是名词,意为“大部分;大多数”。Themajorityofthemtakeanonlinelanguagetestbeforestartingtheirprogramme.他们中的大多数在开始他们的课程前参加在线语言测试。Themajorityofpeopleinterviewedpreferjuicetowater.大多数接受采访的人都喜欢喝果汁而不喜欢喝白开水。NoI
7、mage【词汇拓展】NoImageThedoctorsinthehospitalareperformingamajoroperation.这家医院的医生们在做一个重要的手术。Mybrothermajoredintwosubjectsintheuniversity.我哥哥在大学主修两门课程。【温馨提示】(1)themajority单独作主语时,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。(2)“the/amajorityof+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的数与of后面的名词保持一致。【语境助记】Onlyaminorityofpeopleinthatcitydonothaveacarwhilethepeopletak
8、ingsubwaytoworkareinthe/amajority.在那个城市只有少数人没有汽车,但是乘坐地铁上班的人占了大多数。【微写作】ThemajorityofpeopleinterviewedpreferTVtoradio.ThemajorreasonisthatTVcangivethemmoreamusement.大多数被采访的人更喜欢看电视而不是听广播。主要原因是电视可以给他们更多的娱乐。NoImage3.“Whyshouldgirlslearnsomuch?Findingagoodhusbandshouldbetheirfinalgoal!”herbrothercomplaine
9、d,thinkingofthehightuitionfees.“为什么女孩子要学这么多?找一个好丈夫应该是她们的最终目标!”想到高额的学费,她的哥哥抱怨道。【词汇精讲】句中的complain是不及物动词,意为“抱怨;发牢骚”,complain也可以作及物动词用,意义相同。Thetouristcomplainedthattheroomwastoodirty.游客抱怨说房间太脏了。Shecomplainedtomeabouthisrudeness.她向我抱怨他的粗鲁。【词汇拓展】NoImageNoImageNoImage4.Sheresponded,“Idratherstaysingletostu
10、dyallmylife!”她回答道,“我宁愿单身一辈子学习!”【词汇精讲】句中的respond是及物动词,意为“回答;回复”,respond也可作不及物动词,意为“做出反应;回应”。Herespondedthathedidntwanttoseeanyone.他回答说他不想见任何人。TheteacheraskedTomaquestion,buthedidntrespond.老师问了汤姆一个问题,可他没回答。NoImage【词汇拓展】NoImageTheyarelikelytorespondpositivelytothefarmersrequestforaid.他们可能会对农民的援助要求做出积极回
11、应。Isentherseveralemails,butshedidntrespondtoanyofthem.我给她发了几封邮件,但她一封也没有回复。【微写作】Noneofthestudentsrespondedtoherquestions,thatistosay,herquestionfailedtogetaresponsefromanyofthestudents.没有一个学生回答她的问题,也就是说,她的问题没有得到任何学生的回答。NoImageNoImage5.In1941,DrLinbecamethefirstChinesewomanevertobeappointeddirectoroft
12、heOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.1941年,林博士成为第一个被任命为北京协和医院妇产科主任的中国女性【词汇精讲】句中的appoint是及物动词,意为“任命;委派”。Wemustappointapersontoactassecretary.我们得指定一个人当秘书。Themanagerappointedhimtoreceivethebusinessman.经理指定他去接待那个商人。【词汇拓展】NoImageHesjustbeenappointedasdirectorofthepublishingdivision.他刚被任命为出版事业部的主管。MayImake
13、anappointmentforsometimeearlythisafternoon?我能预约今天下午早些时候吗?【语境助记】MrBrownandProfessorSmithmadeanappointmenttomeetat2intheafternoon,butProfessorSmithbroketheappointmentanddidntturnupattheappointedtime.布朗先生和史密斯教授约定下午两点见面,但史密斯教授违约,没有在约定的时间出现。【微写作】HehasjustbeenappointedtothepositionofExportManagerforthecom
14、pany.Hewillhaveanappointmentwithhisfirstforeigncustomerstonight.他刚刚被任命为公司的出口经理。今晚他将和他的第一批外国顾客有个约会。NoImageNoImage6.In1954,shewaselectedtothefirstNationalPeoplesCongressand,overthenextseveraldecades,sheheldmanyimportantpositions.1954年,她当选为第一届全国人民代表大会代表,在随后的几十年里,她担任了许多重要职务。【词汇精讲】elect是及物动词,意为“选举;推选”,其名
15、词形式是election。Shewaselectedtoparliamentlastyear.她去年被选进议会。Wedontknowwhichofthemisgoingtobeelectedchairman.我们不知道他们中谁会当选为主席。【易混辨析】elect指按照一定的规章或法律,用投票等方式进行的认真慎重的选择。choose含有运用判断力在一些人、物或行为方式中选出一个的意思。select侧重于从许多不同种类中进行选择时的挑剔态度。Theresnotmuchtochoosebetweenthembecausetheyarealmostthesame.两者之间没有多大差别,没有什么可挑选的
16、。Heselectedadiamondringasabirthdaypresentforhiswife.他挑选了一枚钻石戒指作为妻子的生日礼物。NoImage7.Shewasmoreinterestedintendingpatients,publishingmedicalresearchoncareforwomenandchildren,andtrainingthenextgenerationofdoctors.她对照顾病人、出版关于妇女和儿童的医学研究以及培训下一代医生更感兴趣。【词汇精讲】tend在句中是及物动词,意为“照顾;照料”,tend还可作不及物动词,意为“倾向;趋于”。Golfc
17、oursemustbecarefullytendedbyaspecialstaffofgroundskeepers.高尔夫球场必须由专门的场地管理员精心养护。Peopletendtothinkthattheproblemwillneveraffectthem.人们倾向于认为这个问题绝不会影响到他们。NoImage【词汇拓展】NoImageManypeopletendtobeblindtothebeautyaroundthem.许多人易于对周围的美视而不见。TheEnglishseasonsandclimatetendtowardsextremes.英国的季节与气候是趋于极端的。【微写作】The
18、stormtendstohitourcity,sowewillobserveitstendencyclosely.暴风雨要袭击我们的城市,所以我们将密切观察它的动向。NoImage8.Shewassoscaredduringtheinterviewthatshecompletelyforgothowsheshouldrespondtothequestions.她在面试中非常害怕,以至于她完全忘记了她要如何回答这些问题。【词汇精讲】句中的scared是形容词,意为“害怕的;对感到惊慌或恐惧的”。Theboywasveryscaredwhenheheardthenoise.那孩子听到声音非常惊恐。
19、Shebegantofeelangryaswellasscared.她开始感到既生气又害怕。NoImage【词汇拓展】NoImageMybrotheralwayskeepscalmandneverscareswhenhemeetswhateverurgency.我哥哥在任何紧急情况下都能保持镇静,从不会惊慌。【微写作】WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreetlastnight,Iheardascaringvoiceandfeltveryscared.昨晚我在街上走的时候,听到一个可怕的声音,我感到非常害怕。NoImage9.Thestudentunionwillholdas
20、pecialmeetinginJanuarytoelectsomeonetoreplacethesecretary.学生会将在一月举行一次特殊会议,选举一个人接替秘书。【词汇精讲】句中的replace是及物动词,意为“接替;取代;更换”。ThemanagerisillandIwanttoknowwhoisgoingtoreplacehim.经理病了,我想知道谁将替他。Dontmissmealsandreplacethemwithsnacks.不要不吃正餐,改吃点心。【词汇拓展】NoImageItwouldbedifficulttofindamantotaketheplaceoftheprese
21、ntmanager.找一个人来代替现在的经理是不容易的。Theyhavereplacedalltheoldcomputerswith/bynewones.他们已经把所有的旧电脑都换成新的了。NoImage重点句式1.Toaperson,nothingismorepreciousthantheirlife.对一个人来说,没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了【句式剖析】此处“nothingismore+(形容词)比较级+than.”是一个常用句型,表示“没有什么比更加”。Totheoldman,nothingismoreimportantthanmoney.对那个老人来说,没有什么比钱更重要。Tome,
22、nothingisbetterthanhavingyouwithme.对我来说,没有什么比和你在一起更好的了。【句式拓展】NoImageTheEnglishatthattimewasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础,而我们今天所说的英语不是。LiMingisnotallerthanhisbrother.李明和他弟弟一样都不高。NoImage2.Idratherstaysingletostudyallmylife!我宁愿单身一辈子来学习!【句式剖析】wouldrather意为“宁愿;宁可”,后接动词原形
23、。Iwouldratherhoeinthegardenthanrunaboutontheplayground.我宁愿在花园锄草,也不愿在运动场上跑来跑去。Iwouldratherremainpoorthangetmoneybydishonestmeans.我宁可安于贫穷,也不愿用不当手段赚钱。【句式拓展】NoImageIthinkIwouldrathernotcommitmyselftogoingwithyou.我想我不愿答应跟你一起去。Iwouldratherhavemybelovedmotherthanallthepreciousstonesunderthesun.我宁可只要我挚爱的母亲,
24、而不要天下所有的宝石。【温馨提示】(1)使用wouldrather.than.句型时要注意平行结构,即than的前后要用两个同类的词或词组,如两个名词、两个介词短语等。(2)wouldrather+从句,意为“宁愿”,此时从句中要用虚拟语气。表示与现在或将来事实相反,谓语动词用过去式;表示与过去事实相反用过去完成式。IwouldratherIhadntmethimyesterday.要是我昨天没见着他就好了。NoImage.课文语篇填空WhenLinQiaozhiwas18yearsold,shedidntfollowthetraditionalpathofmarriagelikethe1(m
25、ajor)ofgirls;shechosetostudymedicineinPekingUnionMedicalCollege.ShegraduatedwiththeWenhaiScholarshipandbecamethefirstwomaneverto2(hire)asaresidentphysicianintheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.Afewyears3(late),shewassenttostudyinEuropeandthenintheUS.HerAmericancolleagueswantedhertostayintheUS,4sher
26、efusedbecauseshewantedtoworkforhermotherland.In1941,DrLinbecame5firstChinesewomanevertobeappointeddirectoroftheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.Afterherdepartment6(close)becauseofthewar,sheopenedherownclinic.AfterthenewPeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded,thoughshe7(hold)manyimportantpositions,shestill
27、tended8(patient),publishedmedicalresearchoncareforwomenandchildren,andtrainedthenextgenerationofdoctors.9(know)asthe“motheroftenthousandbabies”,LinQiaozhidiedon22April1983,10(leave)allhersavingstoakindergartenandafundfornewdoctors.答案:1.majority2.behired3.later4.but5.the6.wasclosed7.held8.patients9.K
28、nown10.leaving.概要写作(根据教材语篇内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要)参考范文LiQiaozhideterminedtostudymedicineat18.(要点1)Aftergraduation,sheworkedasaresidentphysicianinthePUMCHospitalandwassentabroadforfurtherstudy.(要点2)Aftershereturned,sheopenedherownclinicbecauseherdepartmentwasclosedbecauseofthewar.(要点3)Thoughshewasinvolvedinpoliticalaffairsafterliberation,shestilldevotedherselftomedicalaffairs.(要点4)Shealwaysthoughtofothersuntilherdeath.(要点5)
