1、必修三 Unit 4 Space Exploration(4)Lesson 4Discovering useful structuresInfinitives as adverbials and attributesLearning objectives At this class,you will be able to1.identify and analyze the uses of infinitives(不定式)as adverbials(状语)and attributes(定语);2.use infinitives to describe space facts and effort
2、s to explore space.Read the following sentences and focus on the infinitives.1I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot.2As we all know,an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.3First of all,you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree
3、.Read the following sentences and focus on the infinitives.4Some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.5On 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.Figure out their functions and meanings.Its Exercise 1 on Page 42 of yo
4、ur textbook.1I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot.2As we all know,an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.Figure out their functions and meanings.in order that I could fly airplanes as a fighter pilot.in order that he/she can work in space.infinit
5、ives as adverbials to express purposes3First of all,you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.Figure out their functions and meanings.so that you could get a related college degree.infinitive as the adverbial to show the result4Some scientists were determined to help humans real
6、ise their dream to explore space.5On 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.Figure out their functions and meanings.their dream which was to explore space.the first person in the world who went into space.infinitives as attributes to modify(修饰)sth.不定式(to do)
7、的功能和意义：l 可作状语，表目的或结果，多可转化为 in order that/so that 引导的状语从句；为强调目的，可用 in order to/so as to。l 可作定语，起修饰或限定作用，可转化为定语从句。Summary 1 Find more examples from the text.Its on Page 40-41 of your textbook.l People have always wanted to learn more about space,and scientists work hard to find answers.l They make veh
8、icles to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe.Find more examples from the text.adverbialattributeadverbiall They also really wish to discover other planets that are suitable enough to support life.l Americas NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 on 5 September 1977 to
9、 study deep space.Find more examples from the text.adverbialadverbiall These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed,but the desire to explore the universe never died.l China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003.Find more examples from the text.a
10、ttributeattributel Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk,followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.l After that,China launched the Tiangong 2 space lab into space and Tianzhou 1 to dock with it.Find more examples f
11、rom the text.adverbialadverbiall This signalled one step further in Chinas plan to establish a space station in the future.l More recently,China has sent Change 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurements and observations.Find more examples from the text.attributeadverb
12、ialsl Europe,the US,and China all have plans to further study and explore planets like Mars and Jupiter.Find more examples from the text.attributesl work hard to find answers l carry brave people into space to find out the secrets l launched Voyager 1 to study deep space l sent Change 4 to explore t
13、he surface l launched Tianzhou 1 to dock with it.l being sent to the moon to study its surface l be healthy and calm in order to work in space.Summarize the uses of infinitives.infinitives as adverbials to express purposesSummarize the uses of infinitives.l are suitable enough to support life.l be i
14、ntelligent enough to get a related college degree.infinitives as adverbials to show results:be+adj.+enough to do Summarize the uses of infinitives.l vehicles to carry brave people into space l the desire to explore the universe never died.l Chinas plan to establish a space station l plans to study a
15、nd explore planets l their dream to explore space l the third country to send humans into space l the first person to go into space.infinitives as attributes to modify sth.Summary 2 l 不定式作定语：起修饰或限定作用，可转化为定语从句；可修饰名词、数词、代词等，常置于被修饰词后；多表示将来的动作；后接不定式作定语的名词有：desire,dream,plan,goal 等。l 不定式作状语：可以表示目的或结果，多可转
16、化为 in order that/so that 引导的状语从句；常用结构：in order to/so as to(表目的)be+adj.+enough to do(表结果)Summary 3 Learn more about infinitives as adverbials.Interviewer:Mr Yang:you also had to study a lot,too,right?Yes,I had to learn English,science,and astronomy.I also had to practice using space equipment,and do
17、a lot of mental and physical training.It was very tiring,but I was so proud to have the opportunity.infinitive as the adverbial to give the reasonSummary 4 l 不定式作状语：可以表示目的、结果、原因等，可根据其在语境中的意义，转化为相应的状语从句；常用结构：in order to/so as to(表目的)be+adj.+enough to do(表结果)be+proud/pleased/+to do(表原因)Rewrite the sen
18、tences using infinitives or“in order to/so as to”.Change the italicised parts accordingly.Its Exercise 2 on Page 42 of your textbook.Learn from the examples.1In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person who got married in space.the first person to get married in space.2In space,astronauts collec
19、t all dirty water so that it can be recycled for later use.collect all dirty water so as to recycle it for later use.attributeadverbialRewrite the sentences.3Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have dreamt that one day they would fly into space.many people have the dre
20、am to fly into space one day.Rewrite the sentences.attributeRewrite the sentences.4 Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity,so they need to exercise every day,which will help them stay healthy.so they need to exercise every day to/in order to/so as to stay
21、healthy.adverbialRewrite the sentences.5Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.stick everything down while working in space to/in order to/so as to keep everything from floating off.adverbialRewrite the sentences.6Duri
22、ng a spacewalk,astronauts have to move slowly so that they can keep their bodies under control.move slowly to/in order to/so as to keep their bodies under control.adverbialWhy use infinitives?4 so they need to exercise every day,which will help them stay healthy.so they need to exercise every day to
23、 stay healthy.6 move slowly so that they can keep their bodies under control.move slowly to keep their bodies under control.表达更加简练，逻辑关系更紧密Complete the sentences using infinitivesas the attribute or the adverbial.1 Q:Why is Yang Liwei famous in China?A:Because he is (第一个进入太空的中国宇航员).2 Q:How do you fee
24、l about the film 2001:A Space Odyssey?A:Im afraid the film is (太长太乏味而无法看完).3 Q:Why was the Russian space station Mir(和平号空间站)brought down out of orbit?A:One of the reasons is that Mir was too old and (不再是安全的居所).4 Q:Would you like to travel into space some day?A:Yes,and I want to become (登陆火星的第一个中国人).
25、5 Q:Could you provide a simple introduction to how space rockets work?A:Im afraid the whole process is (太复杂了，无法用几句话解释清楚).Its Exercise 1 on Page 80 of your textbook.Complete the sentences using infinitives.1 Q:Why is Yang Liwei famous in China?A:Because he is the first Chinese astronaut to go into sp
26、ace (第一个进入太空的中国宇航员).2 Q:How do you feel about the film 2001:A Space Odyssey?A:Im afraid the film is too long and boring for me to finish (太长太乏味而无法看完).adverbialattribute3 Q:Why was the Russian space station Mir(和平号空间站)brought down out of orbit?A:One of the reasons is that Mir was too old and no longe
27、r a safe place to live in(不再是安全的居所).attributeComplete the sentences using infinitives.4 Q:Would you like to travel into space some day?A:Yes,and I want to become the first Chinese to land on Mars (登陆火星的第一个中国人).attributeComplete the sentences using infinitives.5 Q:Could you provide a simple introduct
28、ion to how space rockets work?A:Im afraid the whole process is too complicated to explain in a few words(太复杂了，无法用几句话解释清楚).infinitive as the adverbial to show the result:too+adj.+to do Complete the sentences using infinitives.Summary 5 l 不定式作状语：可以表示目的、结果、原因等，可根据其在语境中的意义，转化为相应的状语从句；常用结构：in order to/so
29、 as to(表目的)be+adj.+enough to do(表结果)too+adj.+to do(表结果)be+proud/pleased/+to do(表原因)sComplete the sentences using the correct forms of the words in the box.hold buildprovideliveset carry selectfalltake launchComplete the sentences using the correct forms of the words in the box.1 The space shuttle(航天
30、飞机)was created as a reusable launch vehicle astronauts and other equipment into space and back again.The shuttle looks like an ordinary plane but it has a cargo bay(货仓)that is large enough a satellite.Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the words in the box.2 Space probes(航天探测器)are oft
31、en sent to places that are too far away or too dangerous for a human foot in.For example,in 1977,the Voyager 1 space probe was sent pictures of the planets Saturn and Jupiter.Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the words in the box.3 The International Space Station was too big on Earth
32、 and into space,so different countries worked together and built about 100 modules(分离舱).Afterwards,these modules were joined together in space living quarters,laboratories,and other equipment for astronauts for months.Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the words in the box.4 As the fi
33、rst woman to make a trip into space,Tereshkova felt lucky and proud.When the great day finally came,she was almost too excited asleep.Its Exercise 2 on Page 81 of your textbook.Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the words in the box.1 The space shuttle(航天飞机)was created as a reusable l
34、aunch vehicle to carry astronauts and other equipment into space and back again.The shuttle looks like an ordinary plane but it has a cargo bay(货仓)that is large enough to hold a satellite.attributeadverbialComplete the sentences using the correct forms of the words in the box.2 Space probes(航天探测器)ar
35、e often sent to places that are too far away or too dangerous for a human to set foot in.For example,in 1977,the Voyager 1 space probe was sent to take pictures of the planets Saturn and Jupiter.adverbialadverbialComplete the sentences using the correct forms of the words in the box.3 The Internatio
36、nal Space Station was too big to build on Earth and launch into space,so different countries worked together and built about 100 modules(分离舱).Afterwards,these modules were joined together in space to provide living quarters,laboratories,and other equipment for astronauts to live for months.all as ad
37、verbialsComplete the sentences using the correct forms of the words in the box.4 As the first woman selected to make a trip into space,Tereshkova felt lucky and proud.When the great day finally came,she was almost too excited to fall asleep.adverbial 现在分词、过去分词也可作定语或状语，这与不定式作定语或状语有何区别呢？Try to tell th
38、e differences.1Scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.2Scientists work hard to find out the secrets of the universe.3Families celebrating the Lunar New Year can enjoy exciting dragon dances.4She sat at the desk reading a newspaper.to do:主动关系，表将来doing:主动关系，表持续或
39、进行Try to tell the differences.5Come and read the poem written by a seven-year-old boy.6 Invited to perform on the stage,he felt nervous and excited.As the first woman selected to make a trip into space,Tereshkova felt lucky and proud.done:被动关系Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs
40、in brackets.Its Exercise 3 on Page 42 of your textbook.Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve(achieve)attributeComplete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brac
41、kets.Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve(achieve).One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time.For example,using(use)current technology,it would take over two years to get(get)to the closest planet,Mars,and back adverbial
42、subjectComplete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.Although light is the fastest thing known(know)in the universe,it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system subjectattributeComplete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.Although
43、 light is the fastest thing known(know)in the universe,it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system.Will scientists figure out a way to store(store)sufficient food and water for the long journey?Is it possible to travel faster than light?No one knows the answers yet.attributes
44、ubjectComplete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.However,space scientists never give up.They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as to help(help)astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space.adverbialmake dobeconnectget seesendComplete the passage
45、 with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.Its Exercise 3 on Page 81 of your textbook.Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.On 17 October 2016,Chinas space agency launched the Shenzhou 11 space vehicle to connect with the Tiangong 2 space laboratory.The vehicle car
46、ried the astronauts Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong.The connection between Shenzhou 11 and Tiangong 2 took about two hours to be completed.adverbialComplete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.The astronauts had many tasks to do in space as part of their mission attributeComplete t
47、he passage with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.The astronauts had many tasks to do in space as part of their mission.Firstly,they had to float through a narrow 80-centimeter wide tube so as to get on board Tiangong 2 adverbialComplete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in the
48、 box.The astronauts had many tasks to do in space as part of their mission.Firstly,they had to float through a narrow 80-centimeter wide tube so as to get on board Tiangong 2.Once safely on board,the pair waved to the camera on Tiangong 2,to send greetings to everyone back home.adverbialComplete the
49、 passage with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.Then they performed various experiments.For example,they grew rice in space.They also gave themselves medical check-ups to see how their bodies were affected by being in space.adverbialobjectComplete the passage with the correct forms of the ve
50、rbs in the box.Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong finally returned to Earth 30 days later,making their space mission the longest such mission by Chinese astronauts to date.adverbiall 不定式作定语：起修饰或限定作用，可转化为定语从句；可修饰名词、数词、代词等，常置于被修饰词后；多表示将来的动作；后接不定式作定语的名词有：desire,dream,plan,goal 等。Summary 2 l 不定式作状语：可以表示目的、结果、原因
