1、Section CDiscovering Useful Structures&Listening and Talking.知识体系图解 重点词汇 1.vt.回收利用;再利用 2.n.肌肉;实力;影响力 3.n.缺乏;短缺vt.没有;缺乏 4.vi.浮动;漂流;漂浮vt.使浮动;使漂流 5.adv.否则;要不然 6.prep.在更远处;超出 7.adj.当前的;现在的n.水流;电流;思潮 8.adj.热衷的;渴望的recyclemusclelackfloatotherwisebeyondcurrentkeen9.solar adj.10.solar system 11.sufficient ad
2、j.12.soap n.13.towel n.14.microwave n.(also microwave oven)15.tissue n.16.facility n.太阳的;太阳能的 太阳系;类太阳系 足够的;充足的肥皂毛巾;抹布 微波炉纸巾;(人、动植物细胞的)组织 设施;设备重点短语 1.figure out 2.in order to 3.be determined to do 4.get married 5.due to 6.stay healthy 7.keep sth under control 8.achieve ones goal 9.experiment with 10.
3、give up 弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白 为了 决定做 结婚由于 保持健康 控制;掌控 实现梦想 用做实验放弃重点句式1.During a spacewalk,astronauts have to move slowly so that they can keep their bodies under control.2.it would take over two years to get to the closest planet,Mars,and back.重点语法动词不定式作定语和状语.选词填空 otherwise,recycle,lack,beyond,float 1.They thei
4、r garbage because they care about the environment.2.The research solid evidence,and therefore,its conclusions are doubtful.3.Can you tell the pupils why ships are able to on the sea?4.We lost our way in that small village.we would have visited more places of interest.5.I havent seen Sara since she w
5、as a little girl,and she has changed recognition.recycle lacks float Otherwise beyond.用所给动词的适当形式填空M:I have something good 1.(tell)you,Jennifer.W:Whats it?M:After trying my best,I get a chance 2.(have)a ten-day paid leave!W:Wow!How I envy you!Do you have any plans?M:Paris is a good place 3.(go)sights
6、eeing.W:You can take the chance 4.(travel)around Europe.After travelling France,you can have a tour of Switzerland by train.M:Its a good idea,but I think the best way 5.(get)there is by plane.to tell to have to go to travel to get 重点词汇1.Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to
7、the lack of gravity,so they need to exercise every day,which will help them stay healthy.在太空中,宇航员的骨骼和肌肉会由于缺乏重力而变得非常脆弱,所以他们每天都需要锻炼,这会帮助他们保持身体健康。【词汇精讲】句中的lack是名词,意为“缺乏”;lack还可作动词,意为“没有;缺乏”。Despite his lack of experience,he got the job.他虽然经验不足,但还是获得了这份工作。We lacked concentration and it cost us the goal
8、and the game.我们注意力不够集中,结果丢了球,输了比赛。Certain vital information is lacking in the report.该报告缺少某些关键信息。【词汇拓展】I find it quite boring to chat with those who are lacking in humour.我发现和那些缺乏幽默感的人聊天很无聊。More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities for/through lack of space.由于缺乏空间,大城市中建造了越来越多的高层
9、建筑。【温馨提示】lack作名词时常与介词of连用;作动词时可作及物动词直接加宾语(不能用于被动语态和进行时),也可作不及物动词,后常与介词for连用;形容词lacking常与in连用。2.Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有的东西都粘住,不然的话一切都会飘走。【词汇精讲】句中otherwise是副词,意为“否则,要不然”。其用作副词,还有下列意义:“另外;
10、别样”,相当于differently或in another way;“相反地”,相当于in the other way或on the contrary;“在其他方面;除此之外”,相当于in other or different ways。otherwise还可用作连词,意思为“否则;要不然”,相当于or,or else或if not。Were committed to the project.We wouldnt be here otherwise.我们是全心全意投入这项工作的,否则我们就不会到这里来了。You will have to go now;otherwise youll miss
11、your bus.你现在得走了,否则赶不上公交车了。【词汇拓展】有时otherwise可用在隐含的条件句中,句子用虚拟语气。We didnt know his telephone number;otherwise we would have telephoned him.我们不知道他的电话号码,否则我们就给他打电话了。He is old and sick,otherwise he would be working right now.他又老又病,否则他现在就在工作了。3.Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar syste
12、m is not an easy goal to achieve.将人类送往其他行星甚至太阳系之外并不是一个容易实现的目标。【词汇精讲】beyond是介词,具体用法如下:(1)后接表示空间的名词,意思是“在那一边,在之外”。如:He is from a village beyond the mountain.他来自山那边的一个村庄。The airport is around 30 miles beyond the city.机场离城市大约30英里。(2)后接表示时间的名词,意为“迟于,晚于”。如:Dont stay there beyond midnight.不要过了午夜还待在那儿。My fa
13、ther came home 30 minutes beyond the usual time that evening.我的爸爸那天晚上回家比平时迟了30分钟。(3)在句中表示“超出(能力、范围等),为所不能及”。如:The beauty of the scenery is beyond all description.这风景美得无法形容。Im sorry its beyond my power to make a final decision on the project.对不起,这项工程我无权做最终的决定。(4)常用于疑问句和否定句中,表示“除了之外”。如:Ive nothing els
14、e to tell you beyond what you have already known.除了你已经知道的以外,我再也没有什么要告诉你的了。I didnt notice anything else at the party beyond his funny clothes.我在聚会上没注意别的,只看到他那滑稽可笑的衣服。【词汇拓展】重点句式1.During a spacewalk,astronauts have to move slowly so that they can keep their bodies under control.太空行走时,宇航员必须缓慢地移动,这样他们的身体
15、才能得到控制。【句式剖析】so that=in order that,意为“以便”,引导目的状语从句,从句中常用may,can,could等情态动词。Leave your itinerary so that we can reach you in case of emergency.请把你的旅行计划留下来,以便我们在遇到急事时和你取得联系。Her parents pinched and scraped so that she could study singing abroad.她父母省吃俭用好让她出国学习声乐。【句式拓展】so that也可引导结果状语从句,从句中一般没有情态动词。He wo
16、rked hard at his lessons,so that he gained high grades in the exams.他努力学习,结果考试取得了好成绩。2.it would take over two years to get to the closest planet,Mars,and back.到达最近的行星火星,并返回,需要超过两年的时间。【句式剖析】It takes/took sb some time to do sth意为“做某事花费某人时间”。It takes a long time to get from London to Sydney.从伦敦到悉尼要花很长时
17、间。【句式拓展】Its going to cost me over 100,000 dollars to buy several new trucks.买几辆新卡车将花掉我10万多美元。I spent ten yuan on the book/in buying the book.=The book cost me ten yuan.=I paid ten yuan for the book.我花了10元钱买这本书。重点语法动词不定式作定语和状语一、动词不定式作定语不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词或代词之后,和被修饰的名词或代词之间是主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系或修饰关系等。1.主谓关系The
18、 future to greet us will be bright.我们的未来会十分美好的。He is always the first person to come and the last one to leave.他总是第一个来,最后一个离开。2.动宾关系On Sundays,he always has a lot of letters to write.星期天,他总是有许多信要写。The teacher left us a lot of problems to solve.老师给我们留了许多道题要解答。He can find no one to make friends with.他
19、找不到可交朋友的人。注意:由于动词不定式与其修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系,因此,如果该不定式是不及物动词,其后应有必要的介词。There is nothing to worry about.没什么可担心的。Brown has something important to deal with at present.目前布朗有重要的事情要处理。3.同位关系He broke his promise to write to his parents regularly.他没有遵守诺言定期给他父母亲写信。We students should have the courage to face any diff
20、iculty.我们学生应该有勇气面对任何困难。4.修饰关系Now it is time to begin our class.现在是上课时间了。I need somewhere to take a nap.我需要一个地方打个盹。Is that the way to open the can?那就是打开罐头的方法吗?二、动词不定式作状语 作状语用法例句表示目的动词不定式作目的状语We work hard to be admitted into a key university.我们努力学习以便进入重点大学。in order to do作目的状语In order to pass the drivi
21、ng test,he practiced very hard.为了通过驾驶考试,他努力练习。so as to do作目的状语He got up very early so as to get to the airport on time.他起得很早以便能按时到达飞机场。作状语用法例句表示结果only to do常表示出乎意料的结果He hurried to the railway station only to find the train had left.他匆忙赶到火车站却发现火车开走了。.enough to do;too.to do;so.as to doHe is old enough
22、 to join the army.他到了参军的年龄了。The girl is so kind as to help the old man.那个女孩很善良,他帮助了那位老人。表示原因to do直接表示原因He was astonished to hear the news.听到那个消息他很震惊。Tom was very happy to be elected monitor of the class.汤姆被选为班长很高兴。.单词拼写1.Keep your(肌肉)strong and it helps you to avoid back problems.答案:muscles2.There i
23、s(足够的)evidence to show that plastic bags have caused white pollution to the environment.答案:sufficient3.Something must be done to change our(当前的)examination system.答案:current4.The hotel has special(设备)for welcoming disabled people.答案:facilities5.He transmitted his(热衷的)enjoyment of singing to the audi
24、ence.答案:keen.完成句子1.She hurried to the meeting-room,(结果却发现)that they have gone.答案:only to find2.The doctor was too busy(做手术)the patient at that time.答案:to operate on3.The ice on the lake was not thick enough for people(在上面滑冰).答案:to skate on4.Your brother is too young(去)school.答案:to go to5.It is very important for students(学习)a foreign language.答案:to learn
