1、What is the attribute?(什么是什么是定语）定语）a red apple a beautiful girl形容词作定语形容词作定语 my friend his pen代词作定语代词作定语 a girl in red a man with glasses 介词短语作定语介词短语作定语 apple tree shoe shop 名词作定语名词作定语什么是定语？什么是定语？定语就是用来修饰名词或者代词定语就是用来修饰名词或者代词的成分的成分What is the attributive clause?(什么是定语从句）什么是定语从句）the handsome 修饰成分修饰成分th
2、e naughtyboyThe boy is Tom.（主句）主句）The boy who is handsome is Tom.The boy who is naughty is Tom.修饰一个名词或代词的单词或短语修饰一个名词或代词的单词或短语叫定语，如为一个句子则称为定语叫定语，如为一个句子则称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。后面。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词词定语从句的一般结构是：定语从句的一般结构是：主句主句+先先行词行词+关系词关系词+从句从句 People who go to a formal westerner
3、 dinner party for the first time may be surprised by table manners.Besides the napkin,you will find a small toast and three glasses which are for the wine.The knife and fork that are closest to your plate are a little bigger than the ones beside them.Dinner starts with a small dish,which is often ca
4、lled a starter.For the starter,which you eat with the smaller pair,you keep the knife in your right hand and the fork in your left.定语从句的一般结构是：定语从句的一般结构是：主句主句+先先行词行词+关系词关系词+从句从句 I know the boy who is sitting on the desk.主句主句定语从句定语从句先先行行词词引导引导词词引导词有关系代词：引导词有关系代词：who whom whose that which关系副词：关系副词：when
5、 where why先行词：被修饰的成分先行词：被修饰的成分,即名词或代词。即名词或代词。关系代词在定语从句中有三关系代词在定语从句中有三个作用：个作用：1.引导一个定语从句；引导一个定语从句；2.在从句中代替先行词；在从句中代替先行词；3.在从句中担任某一句子成在从句中担任某一句子成份。份。1.The boy who is smiling is Tom.2.The boy who has a round face is Tom.3.The man who sits in front of me is Tom.4.The man(whom)everyone likes is kind.5.Th
6、e woman(whom)we saw on the street got the job.6.The teacher(whom)we met yesterday will give us a talk.7.The boy(whom)you want to talk to is in the lab.8.The boy to whom you want to talk is in the lab.9.This is the boy(whom)I sit behind.10.This is the boy behind whom I sit.11.She is the girl whose En
7、glish is the best in our class.12.A plane is a machine that can fly.13.Here is the boy that damaged the vase.关系代词与关系副词关系代词与关系副词关系代词关系代词:指人指人:指物指物:指人或物指人或物:关系副词关系副词:who(主格主格),whom(宾格宾格),whose(所有格所有格)which(主格主格,宾格宾格),whose(所有格所有格)thatwhen,where,why注：当先行词是注：当先行词是those,she,he,theythose,she,he,they等等代词时代
8、词时,关系代词用关系代词用whowho.作宾语可省略作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省，如介词提前则不能省，介词后面用介词后面用which which 或或whomwhom)The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.4 4 whosewhose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与与 whosewhose 后的名词为所属关系。后的名词为所属关系。whosewhose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of whichof which互换使用互换使用,即即the+the+名词名词of whichwhomof w
9、hichwhom或或of which whom of which whom the+the+名词。名词。This is the book This is the book whosewhose cover is blue.cover is blue.This is the book This is the book of whichof which the cover is blue the cover is blue.of which the bookDo you know the girl whose hair is very short in our class?He is the st
10、udent whose pencil I broke yesterday.The teacher,whose son I work with,is liked by all the students.The chair,the legs of which are broken,is being repaired now.3.which 指物，指物，作主语或宾语作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省)This recorder（which）he is using ismade in Japan.Is this the library from which y
11、ou borrowbooks?Do you find the pen with which I wrote just now?Do you find the pen(which)I wrote with just now?that 指人指人/物，作主语或宾语物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man(that)I told you about.that和和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下但在下列情况下,一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。I
12、 am sure she has something(that)you can borrow.Ive read all the books that are not mine.This is the first book(that)he has read.This is the very book that belongs to him.(1)先行词为先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much 等不定代词时。等不定代词时。(2)先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等等 修饰时。
13、修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。修饰时。that和和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下但在下列情况下,一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。(5)先行词是先行词是who或或who引导的主句。引导的主句。Who is the girl that drove the car?Who that broke the window will be punished.(6)主句以主句以There be 引导时引导
14、时 There are 200 people that didnt know the thing.(7)当先行词在定语从句中作当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時，关系表语時，关系代词用代词用that.She isnt the girl that she was 10 years ago.(8)当先行词是当先行词是which时，关系代词用时，关系代词用that.Which is the book that you bought last week?1.This is all _ I know about the matter.A.that B.what C.who D.which2.Is ther
15、e anything else _ you require?A.which B.that C.who D.what3.The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall.A.which B.that C.where D.it4.He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school.A.which B.that C.it D.whomABBB that和和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下但在下列情况下
16、,一般用一般用which而不用而不用that。(9)关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前）语（介词提前）Those are many trees under which they can have a rest.(10)在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中 Football,which is a very popular game,is played all over the world.(11)先行词本身是先行词本身是that，或句子中已经有了，或句子中已经有了thatWhat I want to do is that which wi
17、ll help us all.(1)The scientist is very famous in the world.We met her yesterday.The scientist we met yesterday is very famous who in the world.whom that(2)The dress is new.She is wearing it.The dress that she is wearing is new.which (3)He is the kind person.I have ever worked with him.(4)This is th
18、e best film.I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.who whom This is the best film that I have ever seen.1.I have a friend _ likes listening to Classical music.2.Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.3.The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a
19、 football player.4.Kevin is reading a book _is too difficult for him.5.The family _ Im staying with lives in town.6.I know the student _ article was published.7.Betty,_ has never been abroad,is studying English very well.8.My parents live in a house _ is more than 100 years old.9.The boy with _ John
20、 spoke is my brother.whothatwhichthatwhosewhichthatthatwhichwhoseWho whichthatwhom定语从句中的关系副词定语从句中的关系副词：when,where,whywhen,where,whywhenwhen在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词介词+关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）”。Ill never forget the day Ill never forget the day whenwhen I joined the league.I joined the league.on
21、whichwherewhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词介词+关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）”。This is the house This is the house wherewhere I lived two years ago.I lived two years ago.in whichwhywhy在定语从句中作原因状语，相当在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于于“介词介词for+for+关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）”。Do you know the reason Do you know the reason whywhy sh
22、e was late.she was late.It rained heavily,for which he was late for the class.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：My sisterMy sister,who is twenty,works in works in a bank.a bank.The man The man who came here yesterday has has come e again.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失
23、去意义。这种从如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。写时不用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。写时往往逗号分开。1.He is the man_ house the pictures are taken.A.whose B.which C.from whose D.that2.He lives in the flat,_he ca
24、n see_ is happen-ing in the street.A.there/what B.where/something C.from whose window/all that3.That was the most interesting film_I have seen.A.whose B.that C.which D.what4.Ahead of me I saw a woman_I thought was my aunt.A.who B.whom C.from whom D.of whom5.Watch the girl and her dog_are crossing th
25、e street.A.who B.which C.that D.they6.He is the very one of the students_ good at English.A.who does B.that is C.whom do D.which are7.The second book_I want to read is Traveis in China by Rewi Alley.A.which B.that C.what D.as8.He is the same teacher_spoke at the meeting on the opening ceremony.A.as
26、B.whom C.that D.who9.The days_I spent in the countryside in my childhood was the happiest time_I had ever had in my life.D.that/that A.when/when B.when/that C.that/which*As 和和which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：引导非限制性定语从句的区别：1.Which引导的从句与主句关系较密切，常放在主句之后；而引导的从句与主句关系较密切，常放在主句之后；而as引导从句，引导从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。可放在句首、句中或句尾。2.
27、Which既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。相当于既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。相当于“and this”or “and that”.译为译为“这一点这一点”。而而as 则只能代指整个主句的内容。译为则只能代指整个主句的内容。译为“正如正如.那样那样”，且已形成固定，且已形成固定结构。如：结构。如：as is known,as is said,as is reported,as is often the case,as is expected.Etc.eg.Einstein,as is known,is a famous scientist.As is reported,Chi
28、na has become an important country in the world.He didnt come to attend the meeting,as is expected.Bamboo is hollow,which makes it very light.My son now goes to the school,which I used go to when I was a child.话题运用话题运用 _is known to all,China with an area of 9.6 million square kilometers,is the third
29、 largest country in the world.The Chinese nation consists of 56 nationalities,among _the Han Ethnic Group is the largest,making up 94%of the whole.Besides,there are many big rivers in China,the most important of _are the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.There was a time _Chinese economy was far behind many other countries in the world.However,with the development of the economy,the days are gone forever _the Chinese people were looked down upon,_all Chinese are proud of.Aswhichwhichwhenwhenwhich祝您成功！
