1、现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论Cui Jianbin,Department of Foreign Studies,WTUA Study on Modern English Linguistics:Language and Culture现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论 Chapter IntroductionFeatures of Literal LanguageLanguage in Fiction&DramaLanguage in PoetryFurther ReadingQuestions and Exercises现代英语语言学理论现代英语
2、语言学理论现代英语语言学理论Course Instructor Date Day Ss No.Ss LevelClass length Cui JianbinApril 10thMay 1st Friday98Advanced 50mins X2现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论5mins.Whole class.Aim:Class brainstorms the concept of literature by the following questions.Q1.
3、What is literature?Q2.What are possible literature forms?Q3.What is the possible relationship between language and literature?Q4.What is the difference between literature language and general language?27mins.Whole class.Aim:Teacher presents on line.Theoretical backgroundLiteray languageFigurative la
4、nguageThe analysis of literal language现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论10mins.Students in groups.Aim:foregrounding and grammatical form 6mins.Plenary Summary2mins.Homework:Answer the following question.1.What is forgrounding?2.What is the difference between literary language and figurative langage?3.How t
5、o analyse literal language?现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论Discussion topics(10mins.)1.What is literature?2.What are possible literature forms?3.What is the possible relationship between language and literature?4.What is the difference between literature language and general language?现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论现代
6、英语语言学理论我们要美丽的生命不断繁殖，我们要美丽的生命不断繁殖，能这样，美丽的玫瑰才不会消亡能这样，美丽的玫瑰才不会消亡关关雎鸠，在河之州；关关雎鸠，在河之州；窈窕淑女，君子好逑。窈窕淑女，君子好逑。现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论Stopping by Woods on a Snowy EveningRobert FrostWhose woods these are I think I know.His house is in the village,though;He will not see me stopping hereTo watch his woods f
7、ill up with snow.My little horse must think it queerTo stop without a farmhouse nearBetween the woods and frozen lakeThe darkest evening of the year.现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论He gives his harness bells a shakeTo ask if there is some mistake.The only other sounds the sweepOf easy wind and downy flak
8、e.The woods are lovely,dark and deep,But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep.现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论 On StudiesBy Francis Bacon Studies serve for delight,for ornament,and for ability Some books are too be tasted,others to be swallowed,and some fe
9、w to be chewed and digested Reading maketh a full man;conference a ready man;and writing an exact man Histories make men wise;poets,witty;the mathematics,subtile;natural philosophy,deep;moral,grave;logic and rhetoric,able to contend现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论1 What is Literature?1.All writings in pr
10、ose or verse,esp.those of an imaginative or critical character,without regard to their excellence:often distinguished from scientific writings,news reporting,etc.2.All of such writings considered as having permanent value,excellence of form,great emotional effect,etc.3.All of the writings of a parti
11、cular time,region,etc.it is of truth,imagination and beauty.现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论1 What is Literature?The part of linguistics that studies the language of literature is termed LITEDRARY STYLISTICS.It focuses on the study of linguistic features related to literary style.“Style”,the phenomenon,h
12、as been recognized since ancient rhetoric;“Stylistic has been with us since 1860”;“Stylistics”,the field,is the creation of bibliographers.现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论1 What is Literature?Studies show that The 1960s witnessed the firm establishment of modern stylistics and ever since then the discipl
13、ine has been developing at an enormous speed.The 1960s was a decade of formalism in stylistics.The 1970s witnessed a decade of functionalism.The 1980s witnessed a decade of discourse stylistics,The 1990s was a decade of socio-historical and socio-cultural stylistic.现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论 1 What
14、 is Literature?The most recent trends of development in stylistics are characterized by two major features.1.The socio-historical and socio-cultural stylistic studies are gaining momentum.2.There is a trend of“plural-heads development”,i.e.different schools of stylistics compete for development and
15、new schools emerge every now and then.现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论2 General Features of the Poetry Language What seems to distinguish literary from non-literary usage may be the extent to which the phonological,grammatical and semantic features of the language are salient,or foregrounded in some way.
16、In literary texts,the grammatical system of the language is often exploited,experimented with or made to deviate from other,more everyday,forms of language,and as a result creates interesting new patterns in form and in meaning.Through the use of non-conventional structures that seem to break the ru
17、les of grammar.现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论 3 Literatural Language and Figurative Language SIMILE A simile is a way of comparing one thing with another,of explaining what one thing is like by showing how it is similar to another thing,and it explicitly signals itself in a text,with the words as or li
18、ke.现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论 The phrase as cold as ice is a common simile;the concept of coldness is explained in terms of an actual concrete object.The word as signals that the trope is a simile.O,my luve is like a red,red rose,The world is like a stage.现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论 3 Literatural L
19、anguage and Figurative LanguageMETAPHORTransferring qualities from one thing to another.All the worlds a stage,And all the men and women merely players;They have their exits and their entrances.And one man in his time plays many parts,His acts being seven ages现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论3 Literatural
20、 Language and Figurative LanguageMETONYMY A figurative use of language,which means a change of name.There is no amour against fate;Death lays his icy hand on king;Sceptre and Crown (King and queens)Must tumble downAnd in the dust be equal madeWith the poor crooked Scythe and Spade.(ordinary peasants
21、 and workers)现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论1.Bradford,R.1997.Stylistics.Routledge.2.Brumfit,C.J.And R.A.Carter.1986/1997/2000.Literature and Language Teraching.Oxford University Press and Shaanhai Foreign Language Education Press.3.Carter,R.and P.Simpson,Eds.1989.Language,Discourse and Literature:An In
22、troductory Reader in Discourse Stylistics.Unwin Hyman 4.Cook,G.1994/1995/1999.Discourse and Literature.Oxford University Press and Shaanhai Foreign Language Education Press.5.Leech,G.1969.A Linguistic Guide to English Poetry.Longman6.Widdowson,H.G.1992/1999.Practical Stylistics.Oxford University Pre
23、ss and Shaanhai Foreign Language Education Press.现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论Answer the following questions.1.What is the difference between literal language and figurative language?2.What are possible techniques of figurative language?3.What is the difference between simile and metaphor?现代英语语言学理论现代英
24、语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论欢迎批评指正！欢迎批评指正！谢谢大家谢谢大家！现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论现代英语语言学理论1.Bradford,R.1997.Stylistics.Routledge.2.Brumfit,C.J.And R.A.Carter.1986/1997/2000.Literature and Language Teraching.Oxford University Press and Shaanhai Foreign Language Education Press.3.Carter,R.and P.Simpson,Eds.1989.Language,Disco
25、urse and Literature:An Introductory Reader in Discourse Stylistics.Unwin Hyman 4.Cook,G.1994/1995/1999.Discourse and Literature.Oxford University Press and Shaanhai Foreign Language Education Press.5.Leech,G.1969.A Linguistic Guide to English Poetry.Longman6.Widdowson,H.G.1992/1999.Practical Stylistics.Oxford University Press and Shaanhai Foreign Language Education Press.
