1、1.discover&inventinvent v.发明，发明原先不存在的东西发明，发明原先不存在的东西.Who invented the steam engine?谁发明了蒸汽机谁发明了蒸汽机?discover v.发现，探索或揭示早就客观发现，探索或揭示早就客观存在着事物。存在着事物。Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥伦布于哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。年发现了美洲。Who discovered radium?谁发现了镭谁发现了镭?2.put forward 提出；提前；提出；提前；Are you serious in putting forward
2、 such a view?These foreigners have put forward a proposal for a joint venture.The attack had been put forward an hour.put a clock/watch forward把钟把钟/表拨快表拨快Put the clock forward by ten minutes.The clock was put forward half an hour.3.John Snow was a famous doctor in London-so expert,indeed,that he att
3、ended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰约翰.斯诺曾经是伦敦一位著名的医斯诺曾经是伦敦一位著名的医生生-他的医术的确精湛他的医术的确精湛,以至于后以至于后来成为维多利亚女王的私人医生。来成为维多利亚女王的私人医生。attend v.(1)to take care;give attention 注意，注意，留意。留意。如如:Well attend to the solution of that problem later.(2)to take good care of(a sick person,for example)照看照看,照料照料
4、.如如:The doctor attended the patients.医生照看病人。医生照看病人。(3)to be present at 出席出席,到场到场.如如:attend school 上学上学attend a lecture 听讲座听讲座attend church 去教堂去教堂attend(at)a wedding 出席婚礼出席婚礼4.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.exposed to cholera 在句子中是过去分在句子中是过去分词用
5、作后置定语词用作后置定语,表示被动，表示被动，意为意为 “患霍乱的患霍乱的”。如。如:The book written by LuXun is very popular.鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的。鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的。The man seen by us yesterday is Professor Smith.昨天我们看见的那个人是史密斯先生。昨天我们看见的那个人是史密斯先生。发散思维：发散思维：exposed adj.暴露的，暴露于风雨中暴露的，暴露于风雨中的，无掩蔽的的，无掩蔽的exposedness n.暴露，显露暴露，显露开放思维开放思维:expose to 使易受，使受使易受，使受
6、 expose sth to the light of day把某事暴露于光天化日之下把某事暴露于光天化日之下expose a fraud 揭穿骗局揭穿骗局5.This was the most deadly disease of its day.deadly adj.1.危险的；致命的危险的；致命的 a deadly disease/weapon 2.强有力的；致命的强有力的；致命的 a deadly remark 击中要害的评论击中要害的评论 adv.1.极度；非常；十分极度；非常；十分 deadly serious 十分认真十分认真 2.死一般地死一般地 deadly pale 死一般苍
7、白死一般苍白6.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.every time 在这里是连词，引导时间状在这里是连词，引导时间状语从句，意为语从句，意为“每次，每当每次，每当”。Every time I meet him,I always think of the things happened between us.每次见到每次见到他，我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。他，我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。注意注意:immediately,the moment,directly,instan
8、tly 等与等与 every time一样，都可以一样，都可以用作连词引导时间状语从句，意为用作连词引导时间状语从句，意为“一一就就”。如：。如：I will give the letter to him immediately I see him.我一见到他就把这封信给他。我一见到他就把这封信给他。I came directly I got your letter.我一接到你的信就来了。我一接到你的信就来了。7.The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.a
9、bsorbinto 吸收。如：吸收。如：The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization.这家大公司逐渐这家大公司逐渐将这些小的公司吞并了。将这些小的公司吞并了。absorb v.(1)吸收（液体）；承受；承吸收（液体）；承受；承担。如担。如:(2)吸引；使专心；使全神贯注。如吸引；使专心；使全神贯注。如:The writer was so absorbed in his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his
10、 cigar.作家全神贯注地进行写作家全神贯注地进行写作，忘了弹去雪茄烟的烟灰。作，忘了弹去雪茄烟的烟灰。Well not absorb these charges.他发现特别在两条街道上，霍乱流行他发现特别在两条街道上，霍乱流行得特别厉害，得特别厉害，1010天之内就死去了天之内就死去了500500多人。多人。8.In two particular streets,the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.severe v.(1)unsparing or harsh,as in
11、treatment of others;strict 严厉的；苛严厉的；苛刻的；严格的。刻的；严格的。如如:The severe trainer has gone abroad.You can breathe freely again.要求苛严的教官已经出国，你可以完要求苛严的教官已经出国，你可以完全放心。全放心。(2)causing sharp discomfort or distress;extremely violent or intense;very serious.剧痛的，剧烈的，严重剧痛的，剧烈的，严重的，难熬的。如的，难熬的。如:a severe attack of tootha
12、che.牙痛的剧烈发作。牙痛的剧烈发作。9.This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.这张地图提供了这张地图提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。valuable(1)adj.worth of a lot of money 值钱的，贵重的。如：值钱的，贵重的。如：The watch is valuable.这表很值钱。这表很值钱。a valuable diamond.贵重的钻石贵重的钻石(2)adj.having great usefulness or value 如如:valu
13、able information(3)n.(常用复数形式常用复数形式)sth that worth a lot of money.如如:Cathy kept her valuables in a safe.重大的消息重大的消息凯西把她的贵重物品藏在保险箱里。凯西把她的贵重物品藏在保险箱里。10.It seemed that the water was to blame.看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮水了。看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮水了。be+动词不定式，表示该做或不该做的事动词不定式，表示该做或不该做的事情，相当于情，相当于must,should,ought to 等。等。No one is to l
14、eave this building without the permission of the police.没有警察的允许谁也不准离开这栋楼。没有警察的允许谁也不准离开这栋楼。You are not to drop litter in the park.公园里不允许乱丢纸屑。公园里不允许乱丢纸屑。blame sb./sth.for:to say or think that sb.or sth.is responsible for sth.badIts not fair to blame me.Its not my fault.They blamed the secretary for th
15、e delay of the plan.blame11.Next,John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.其次，约翰其次，约翰.斯诺调查了这两条街的水源。斯诺调查了这两条街的水源。look into 看看里面；里面；to investigate 检查；了解。如：检查；了解。如：Well look into this matter together.我们将一起调查这个问题。我们将一起调查这个问题。开放思维：开放思维：look on 观看，面向，旁观，看待观看，面向，旁观，看待look out 面朝，留
16、神，照料面朝，留神，照料look over 从上面看，察看，检查从上面看，察看，检查look around 环顾，观光，察看环顾，观光，察看look through 翻阅；翻找翻阅；翻找look up and down 仔细打量，到处寻找仔细打量，到处寻找look after 寻求，照顾，关心寻求，照顾，关心12.handleA.操作操作;运用运用 B.经销经销;买卖买卖 C.管理管理 D.对待对待 E.应付应付 F.控制控制;管理管理handle v.Choose the Chinese explanations in the box.1.Ms Hawkins,the chief accou
17、ntant of the company handles the companys accounts.C2.The children are so naughty that I cant handle them.3.She handled a difficult argument skillfully.FEDBA The two towns are linked by a railway.A lot of links fitted together form a chain.The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.13.link1
18、4.With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.有了这个有了这个证据，约翰证据，约翰.斯诺就能够肯定的宣布，这斯诺就能够肯定的宣布，这种被污染的水携带病毒。种被污染的水携带病毒。announce v.to make known publicly如：如：1.The captain announced that the plane was going to land.机长宣布飞机就要着陆了。机长宣布飞机就要着陆了。2.The
19、captain announced that the plane was going to land.3.The government announced that they would build a new highway to the mountain.4.The army announced a cease-fire.(停停火火)announcement5.The announcer announces three programs a week.to introduce a program on TV or radio15.Although he had tried to ignor
20、e them,all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion:that the earth was not the centre of the solar system.虽然他虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数字，然而他所曾经试着不去理睬那些数字，然而他所有的数学计算都得出同样一个结论：地有的数学计算都得出同样一个结论：地球不是太阳系的中心。球不是太阳系的中心。lead to 引起；造成；导致。引起；造成；导致。1.This will probably lead to trouble in the future.2.This
21、led to his conclusion that she was guilty.3.Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.4.All roads lead to Rome.条条大道通罗马。条条大道通罗马。16.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有你把太阳放在只有你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。才能说得清楚。“on
22、ly+副词副词/介词短语介词短语/状语从句状语从句”位于句首，句子要倒装。位于句首，句子要倒装。3.Only if your identity has been checked,_.A.you are allowed in B.you will be allowed in C.will you allow in D.will you be allowed inD1.Only then did I realize the importance of knowledge.2.Only in this way can we work out the maths problem.make sense
23、有意义，有道理，说得通有意义，有道理，说得通 1）What you say makes no sense.2)It would make sense to leave early.3)Can you make sense of this poem?你说的话没有道理你说的话没有道理还是早点走好。（明智的，合理的）还是早点走好。（明智的，合理的）你看得懂这首诗吗？（理解或弄懂）看得懂这首诗吗？（理解或弄懂）17.Yet as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him would have doneI guess the poet would have been about 20 when she wrote the poem.Another worker wouldnt have acted like that.neednt have done表示表示没必要做某事；没必要做某事；should have done表示应该做某事但实表示应该做某事但实际上未做；际上未做；should not have done表示表示本不应该做某事但实际上做了。本不应该做某事但实际上做了。
